Lead DevOps Engineer

20+ Lead DevOps Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Updated 8 Jul 2025
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Asked in Yagna iQ

5d ago

Q. Tell me your day to day activity comprising DevOps. How do you implemented CI-CD Pipeline? How does Branching and Merging taken place in your organization? How to work on Jenkins pipeline, What type of pipeline...

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Ans.

My day to day activities in DevOps involve implementing CI/CD pipelines, managing branching and merging, working on Jenkins pipelines, and ensuring checks for deployments.

  • Implementing CI/CD pipelines involves setting up automated build, test, and deployment processes using tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, or CircleCI.

  • Branching and merging in our organization follows a Git flow strategy, where feature branches are created for new development work and merged back into the main...read more

Asked in EPAM Systems

4d ago

Q. Tell me about the Network Configuration of AKS, what options are available during creation, and how it is managed.

Ans.

AKS allows for network configuration during creation and provides options for managing it.

  • During creation of AKS, network configuration options include specifying virtual network, subnet, and network policies.

  • Network configuration can be managed through Azure portal, Azure CLI, or ARM templates.

  • AKS supports network policies like Azure CNI, Kubenet, and Calico for network security and isolation.

  • Network configuration can also include setting up load balancers, public IPs, and D...read more

Asked in EPAM Systems

5d ago

Q. How do you create a Private Endpoint for Azure Key Vaults?

Ans.

To create a Private Endpoint for Azure Key Vaults, you need to configure a private link service.

  • Navigate to the Azure portal and search for 'Key Vaults'.

  • Select the Key Vault you want to create a Private Endpoint for.

  • In the Key Vault settings, go to 'Private endpoint connections' and click on 'Add'.

  • Choose the subscription, resource group, and private DNS zone for the Private Endpoint.

  • Review and create the Private Endpoint connection.

Asked in Yagna iQ

5d ago

Q. WHat were action items taken for Build or Deployment failure. What scripting language known for you? How does it used in your Organization?

Ans.

Action items include identifying root cause, fixing code, updating documentation, and communicating with team.

  • Identify root cause of build or deployment failure

  • Fix the code causing the failure

  • Update documentation to prevent future failures

  • Communicate with team about the failure and resolution

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Asked in Yagna iQ

5d ago

Q. How can you implement streamlined deployment in our organization?

Ans.

Implementing streamline deployment involves automation, standardization, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) practices.

  • Automate the deployment process to reduce manual errors and save time.

  • Standardize deployment procedures across different environments to ensure consistency.

  • Implement CI/CD pipelines to automate testing, building, and deploying code changes.

  • Use containerization technologies like Docker to package applications and dependencies for easy depl...read more

Asked in Informatica

1d ago

Q. What is the purpose of Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) in Kubernetes, and what measures can be taken to secure the master node? and also asked about PDB

Ans.

PVCs in Kubernetes manage storage requests, while securing the master node involves various best practices.

  • Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) allow users to request storage resources dynamically.

  • PVCs abstract the underlying storage, enabling portability across different environments.

  • Example: A PVC can request a specific size and access mode (ReadWriteOnce) for a database pod.

  • To secure the master node, use role-based access control (RBAC) to limit permissions.

  • Implement network pol...read more

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5d ago

Q. How can regular activities be automated using programming with minimal human intervention?

Ans.

Automating regular activities minimizes human intervention, enhancing efficiency and consistency in DevOps processes.

  • Use scripts (e.g., Python, Bash) to automate repetitive tasks like backups or deployments.

  • Implement CI/CD pipelines to automate testing and deployment processes, reducing manual errors.

  • Utilize configuration management tools (e.g., Ansible, Puppet) to automate server provisioning and configuration.

  • Schedule tasks using cron jobs or task schedulers to run scripts ...read more

1d ago

Q. Build an architectural solution for a web-based end-to-end application fronted by a website on the cloud with high availability and resiliency.

Ans.

Design a resilient, high-availability cloud architecture for a web-based application.

  • Use a multi-region deployment strategy to ensure high availability.

  • Implement load balancers (e.g., AWS ELB) to distribute traffic evenly.

  • Utilize auto-scaling groups to handle varying loads dynamically.

  • Incorporate a CDN (e.g., CloudFront) for faster content delivery.

  • Store data in a managed database service (e.g., Amazon RDS) with read replicas.

  • Implement health checks and monitoring (e.g., Clou...read more

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Asked in Cleartrip

2d ago

Q. What are some strategies for cost optimization in cloud computing?

Ans.

Strategies for optimizing costs in cloud computing include rightsizing resources, using reserved instances, leveraging spot instances, and implementing automation.

  • Rightsizing resources to match workload demands can help avoid over-provisioning and unnecessary costs.

  • Utilizing reserved instances for predictable workloads can provide significant cost savings compared to on-demand pricing.

  • Leveraging spot instances for non-critical workloads can further reduce costs, although they...read more

Asked in Volkswagen

4d ago

Q. Architecture of k8s, openshift, ELK, Prometheus, Grafana

Ans.

Kubernetes (k8s) is a container orchestration platform, OpenShift is a Kubernetes distribution with added features, ELK stack is for log management, Prometheus is for monitoring, and Grafana is for visualization.

  • Kubernetes (k8s) is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

  • OpenShift is a Kubernetes distribution by Red Hat that adds additional features like developer and operations-centr...read more

Asked in EPAM Systems

6d ago

Q. What are the best practices for writing a PowerShell script?

Ans.

Best practices for writing PowerShell scripts

  • Use clear and descriptive variable names

  • Comment your code to explain complex logic

  • Handle errors gracefully with try/catch blocks

  • Use functions to modularize your script

  • Avoid hardcoding values whenever possible

Asked in Cleartrip

6d ago

Q. Explain probe types in Kubernetes deployment.

Ans.

Probe types in Kubernetes deployment are used to determine the health of containers.

  • Kubernetes supports two types of probes: liveness and readiness probes.

  • Liveness probes are used to determine if a container is running properly.

  • Readiness probes are used to determine if a container is ready to serve traffic.

  • Probes can be configured with different parameters like initial delay, timeout, and period.

  • Examples of probe configurations include HTTP, TCP, and exec probes.

Q. How do you determine the impact of a Terraform destroy plan?

Ans.

Terraform destroy plan can be known by running 'terraform plan -destroy'

  • Run 'terraform plan -destroy' to see the destroy plan before executing it

  • Review the output to ensure only the intended resources will be destroyed

  • Use '--out' flag to save the plan to a file for later execution

Q. How do you identify public and private DNS?

Ans.

Public DNS can be accessed by anyone on the internet, while private DNS is restricted to a specific group or organization.

  • Public DNS servers are typically provided by third-party companies like Google (8.8.8.8) or Cloudflare (1.1.1.1)

  • Private DNS servers are used within a specific network, such as a company's internal network, and are not accessible from the public internet

  • Public DNS records can be queried using tools like nslookup or dig, while private DNS records may only be...read more

6d ago

Q. what is k8s and how it is working

Ans.

K8s, or Kubernetes, is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

  • Kubernetes allows you to deploy and manage containers at scale.

  • It provides features like automatic scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates.

  • K8s uses a master-slave architecture with a control plane and worker nodes.

  • It uses declarative configuration files to define the desired state of the cluster.

  • Kubernetes supports vari...read more

5d ago

Q. What is the flexible environment in GCP?

Ans.

Flexible environment in GCP allows you to run your applications in a fully managed environment with the ability to customize resources.

  • Flexible environment in GCP provides a platform for running containerized applications.

  • It offers automatic scaling, load balancing, and health checks for your applications.

  • You can customize the resources such as CPU, memory, and disk size based on your application's requirements.

  • It supports popular container orchestration tools like Kubernetes...read more

Asked in UsefulBI

4d ago

Q. How do you invalidate the CloudFront cache?

Ans.

Invalidate CloudFront cache using invalidation requests to ensure users receive the latest content.

  • Use the AWS Management Console to create an invalidation request.

  • Utilize the AWS CLI command: `aws cloudfront create-invalidation --distribution-id YOUR_DISTRIBUTION_ID --paths '/*'`.

  • Specify particular paths to invalidate, e.g., `/images/*` to only invalidate image files.

  • Consider setting a shorter TTL (Time to Live) for frequently updated content to reduce cache duration.

Asked in BNP Paribas

2d ago

Q. How do you reduce Docker image size?

Ans.

To reduce docker image size, remove unnecessary files, use multi-stage builds, minimize layers, and use smaller base images.

  • Remove unnecessary files and dependencies

  • Utilize multi-stage builds to separate build dependencies from runtime dependencies

  • Minimize the number of layers in the Dockerfile

  • Use smaller base images like Alpine instead of larger ones like Ubuntu

Asked in UsefulBI

4d ago

Q. What is the difference between a data block and an output block?

Ans.

Data blocks define resources, while output blocks specify the data returned after resource creation.

  • Data Block: Used to define a resource in infrastructure as code (e.g., AWS EC2 instance).

  • Output Block: Used to display information after resource creation (e.g., instance ID).

  • Example of Data Block: 'resource "aws_instance" "example" { ... }'

  • Example of Output Block: 'output "instance_id" { value = aws_instance.example.id }'

3d ago

Q. What are your daily activities?

Ans.

Daily activities include monitoring system performance, troubleshooting issues, automating tasks, collaborating with team members, and implementing new technologies.

  • Monitoring system performance to ensure optimal operation

  • Troubleshooting issues that arise in the infrastructure

  • Automating repetitive tasks to improve efficiency

  • Collaborating with team members on projects and problem-solving

  • Implementing new technologies to enhance the DevOps environment

Asked in Infosys

5d ago

Q. What is the DevOps process?

Ans.

DevOps process is a set of practices that combines software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops) to shorten the systems development life cycle.

  • DevOps process involves collaboration between development and operations teams.

  • It focuses on automating and monitoring the process of software integration, testing, deployment, and infrastructure changes.

  • Continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous deployment are key components of DevOps process.

Asked in Informatica

3d ago

Q. Write a shell script using grep and awk commands.

Ans.

Shell scripts using grep and awk are powerful for text processing and data extraction in Unix/Linux environments.

  • Grep Usage: Use 'grep' to search for specific patterns in files. Example: 'grep "error" logfile.txt' finds all lines containing 'error'.

  • Awk for Field Processing: 'awk' can process and analyze text files by fields. Example: 'awk '{print $1}' data.txt' prints the first column of data.

  • Combining Grep and Awk: You can pipe 'grep' output to 'awk' for more complex process...read more

Asked in Prodapt

4d ago

Q. Explain Terraform modules and the state file.

Ans.

Terraform modules encapsulate reusable infrastructure code, while the state file tracks resource states for deployments.

  • Terraform modules are reusable configurations that help organize and manage infrastructure as code.

  • The state file (.tfstate) maintains the current state of your infrastructure, mapping resources to their configurations.

  • Modules can be nested, allowing for complex infrastructure setups to be broken down into manageable components.

  • Example: A VPC module can defi...read more

Asked in Dunnhumby

1d ago

Q. How do you create a VPN?

Ans.

To create a VPN, you need to set up a VPN server and configure client devices to connect to it securely.

  • Choose a VPN protocol (e.g. OpenVPN, L2TP/IPsec, IKEv2)

  • Set up a VPN server on a dedicated machine or cloud service

  • Configure firewall rules to allow VPN traffic

  • Generate and distribute VPN client certificates or credentials

  • Install VPN client software on devices and connect to the VPN server

Asked in Dunnhumby

2d ago

Q. What is CI/CD?

Ans.

CI stands for Continuous Integration and CD stands for Continuous Delivery/Continuous Deployment.

  • CI is the practice of merging code changes into a shared repository frequently, which triggers automated builds and tests.

  • CD is the practice of automating the delivery of applications to various environments, such as staging or production, after passing tests in CI.

  • CI/CD pipelines help streamline the software development process by automating testing, building, and deployment task...read more

Asked in EPAM Systems

4d ago

Q. Explain ingress.

Ans.

Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that manages external access to services within a cluster.

  • Ingress allows you to route external HTTP and HTTPS traffic to services based on defined rules.

  • It acts as a layer 7 load balancer for routing traffic to different services within the cluster.

  • Ingress controllers like Nginx or Traefik are used to implement and manage Ingress resources.

  • TLS termination, path-based routing, and host-based routing are common features supported by Ingress.

  • Ingr...read more

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