10+ DevOps Site Reliability Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

To recover a VM without its keypair file, you can create a new keypair and attach it to the VM.

• Create a new keypair using the cloud provider's console or API.

• Stop the VM and detach the old keypair.

• Attach the new keypair to the VM.

• Start the VM and test connectivity to ensure successful recovery.

Securities in Production architecture include network security, data encryption, access control, and monitoring.

• Implementing network security measures such as firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion detection systems

• Encrypting sensitive data at rest and in transit using protocols like SSL/TLS

• Enforcing access control through role-based permissions and multi-factor authentication

• Monitoring system activity and logs for suspicious behavior or unauthorized access

• Regularly updating software...read more

CDN stands for Content Delivery Network. Akamai provides CDN services to its customers for faster and more reliable content delivery.

• CDN helps distribute content closer to end users for faster loading times

• Akamai offers services like caching, load balancing, and DDoS protection

• Customers benefit from improved website performance and reliability

Maintaining Terraform state file after manual resource configuration changes.

• Regularly back up the state file to prevent loss of changes.

• Use version control to track changes made to the state file.

• Implement automated checks to detect any discrepancies between the state file and actual resources.

• Educate team members on the importance of not manually changing resource configurations.

• Consider implementing a policy or process for reviewing and approving any manual changes to reso...read more

SHA is a cryptographic hash function used for data integrity and security.

• SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm

• It generates a fixed-length hash value from input data

• Used for data integrity, digital signatures, and password storage

• Examples include SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512

High availability architecture ensures systems are always operational, minimizing downtime and ensuring reliability.

• Utilizes redundancy to ensure no single point of failure

• Includes load balancing to distribute traffic evenly

• Incorporates failover mechanisms to switch to backup systems seamlessly

• Uses monitoring and alerting to quickly identify and address issues

• Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS) Auto Scaling, Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Load Balancing

TCP for reliable data transfer, UDP for low latency and loss tolerance

• TCP is used when reliable data transfer is required, such as in file transfers or email communication

• UDP is used when low latency and loss tolerance are more important than reliability, such as in online gaming or video streaming

• TCP is connection-oriented while UDP is connectionless

• TCP provides flow control and congestion control while UDP does not

• TCP is slower than UDP due to the overhead of establishing a...read more

HAProxy is a free, open-source load balancer and proxy server software.

• HAProxy stands for High Availability Proxy.

• It is used to distribute traffic across multiple servers to ensure high availability and scalability.

• It supports TCP and HTTP-based applications.

• It can perform SSL/TLS termination, content switching, and request routing.

• It is highly configurable and can be used in various deployment scenarios.

• Examples of companies using HAProxy include Airbnb, GitHub, and Reddit.

Network Load Balancer is ideal for TCP traffic, while Application Load Balancer is best for HTTP/HTTPS traffic.

• Network Load Balancer operates at the connection level (Layer 4), distributing traffic based on IP protocol data.

• Application Load Balancer operates at the application level (Layer 7), distributing traffic based on content of the request.

• Network Load Balancer is better suited for applications that require static IP addresses, while Application Load Balancer is more fl...read more

DNS translates domain names to IP addresses to locate resources on the internet.

• DNS stands for Domain Name System

• It works by translating human-readable domain names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses (like 172.217.3.100)

• DNS servers store records like A, CNAME, MX, TXT, etc. to provide information about domain names

• DNS queries are sent from client devices to DNS servers to resolve domain names

• DNS caching helps improve performance by storing previously resolved domain name...read more

REST API is a web-based API that uses HTTP requests to access and manipulate data.

• REST stands for Representational State Transfer

• It is an architectural style for building web services

• It uses HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE to perform operations on resources

• Responses are usually in JSON or XML format

• Examples include Twitter API, Facebook API, and Google Maps API

CDN is needed to improve website performance by reducing latency, increasing content availability, and offloading origin servers.

• Reduces latency by serving content from servers closer to the user

• Increases content availability by caching content on multiple servers worldwide

• Offloads origin servers by distributing traffic to CDN servers

• Improves website performance and user experience

Pod IP allocation in EKS involves assigning a unique IP address to each pod for communication within the cluster.

• Pods in EKS are assigned IP addresses from the VPC CIDR block

• Each pod gets a unique IP address for communication within the cluster

• Pod IP addresses are managed by the Kubernetes control plane