100+ Dremio Interview Questions and Answers

Deviation refers to the act of departing from the usual or accepted standard.

• Deviation can occur in various contexts such as statistics, behavior, or performance.

• In statistics, deviation refers to the difference between a data point and the mean of a dataset.

• Behavioral deviation can refer to actions or decisions that stray from societal norms or expectations.

• Performance deviation can indicate a departure from established goals or benchmarks.

• Examples include standard deviation...read more

CPP stands for Critical Process Parameters and CQA stands for Critical Quality Attributes.

• CPP are the key variables that must be controlled within predefined limits to ensure the quality of a product.

• CQA are the characteristics of a product that are critical to its quality and need to be monitored to ensure product consistency.

• Examples: In pharmaceutical manufacturing, temperature and pressure could be CPPs, while potency and purity could be CQAs.

21 CFR refers to the Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, which contains regulations related to food and drugs in the United States.

• 21 CFR is a set of regulations established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States.

• It covers various aspects related to food, drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and more.

• Compliance with 21 CFR is mandatory for companies operating in the food and drug industries.

• Examples of regulations under 21 CFR include Good Manufacturin...read more

CAPA effectiveness can be checked by reviewing the implementation of corrective and preventive actions, verifying if the root cause has been addressed, and monitoring for recurrence.

• Review the implementation of corrective and preventive actions taken in response to the CAPA.

• Verify if the root cause identified in the CAPA has been effectively addressed.

• Monitor the process or system to ensure that the issue does not recur.

• Analyze data and metrics to assess the impact of the CAP...read more

I have experience in identifying bottlenecks and implementing process improvements to increase output.

• Conducted time and motion studies to identify inefficiencies

• Implemented lean manufacturing principles to reduce waste

• Introduced automation to streamline processes

• Trained staff on best practices to improve productivity

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to identify and resolve issues

Instrumentation basics refer to the fundamental principles and components of analytical instruments used in chemical analysis.

• Instrumentation basics involve understanding the principles of operation of various analytical instruments such as spectrophotometers, chromatographs, and mass spectrometers.

• It includes knowledge of the components of these instruments, such as detectors, sample introduction systems, and data acquisition systems.

• Understanding calibration procedures, tro...read more

Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a partially permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water.

• Reverse osmosis is a filtration process that removes impurities from water by pushing it through a semipermeable membrane.

• It is commonly used in water treatment systems to produce clean drinking water.

• Reverse osmosis can remove contaminants such as lead, chlorine, fluoride, and bacteria from water.

• It is also used in desal...read more

The location of the valia is not necessary for this position, but travel facility is important.

• Valia location is not a requirement for the job

• Travel facility is important for the candidate

• Ability to travel to different locations may be needed

Experience department is a department that focuses on improving customer experience and satisfaction.

• The experience department is responsible for creating and implementing strategies to improve customer experience.

• They gather feedback from customers and use it to make improvements to products and services.

• They work closely with other departments such as marketing, sales, and customer service to ensure a seamless customer experience.

• Examples of experience department roles incl...read more

I always maintain a record of my work and behavior to ensure accountability and improvement.

• I keep a log of my daily tasks and accomplishments

• I regularly seek feedback from my supervisor and colleagues

• I take responsibility for my mistakes and work to correct them

• I strive to maintain a positive and professional attitude at all times

Aseptic technique is a method used to prevent contamination during medical procedures by maintaining a sterile environment.

• Involves thorough hand washing before and after procedures

• Use of sterile gloves, gowns, masks, and equipment

• Creating a sterile field by using sterile drapes or barriers

• Avoiding touching non-sterile surfaces during procedures

• Proper disposal of contaminated items

GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practice. It is a set of guidelines and regulations that ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.

• GMP is a system that ensures that pharmaceutical products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• It covers all aspects of production, from the starting materials, premises, and equipment to the training and personal hygiene of staff.

• GMP also includes procedures for documentation and record-keeping,...read more

Digital sensors provide binary output while analog sensors provide continuous output.

• Digital sensors are commonly used for detecting presence or absence of an object.

• Analog sensors are used for measuring physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, and light intensity.

• Digital sensors are less accurate than analog sensors.

• Analog sensors require calibration to ensure accuracy.

• Examples of digital sensors include limit switches, proximity sensors, and photoelectric sensors....read more

Expectation is the belief or anticipation that something will happen or be achieved.

• Expectation is a mental state where one looks forward to a certain outcome.

• It can be based on past experiences, societal norms, or personal desires.

• Expectations can lead to disappointment if not met, or satisfaction if exceeded.

• Managing expectations is important in personal and professional relationships.

• For example, a patient may have expectations of a successful surgery outcome based on the ...read more

An electrical single line diagram is a simplified representation of an electrical power system.

• It shows the main components of the system and their interconnections

• It is used for planning, designing, and troubleshooting electrical systems

• It includes information such as voltage levels, circuit breakers, transformers, and generators

• It is a useful tool for electrical maintenance engineers to understand the system they are working on

Mediafill interventions are activities conducted to assess the effectiveness of aseptic processes in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

• Mediafill interventions involve simulating the manufacturing process using a sterile growth medium instead of the actual product.

• These interventions are performed to evaluate the capability of personnel, equipment, and facilities to maintain sterility during production.

• During mediafill interventions, samples are collected and tested for microbial c...read more

Dependency injection is a design pattern used to remove hard-coded dependencies and make code more modular and testable.

• Dependency injection involves passing dependencies to a class or method from an external source rather than creating them internally.

• This allows for easier testing and swapping of dependencies without changing the code.

• There are three types of dependency injection: constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.

• Example: Instead of creating ...read more

Cloud services refer to the delivery of computing services over the internet.

• Cloud services allow users to access and use software and hardware resources remotely

• They are typically provided by third-party providers who manage the infrastructure and maintenance

• Examples of cloud services include Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform

Mannich reaction is a multicomponent reaction between a primary or secondary amine, a carbonyl compound, and formaldehyde or a derivative.

• The reaction results in the formation of β-amino carbonyl compounds.

• It is a useful method for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products.

• The reaction can be catalyzed by acids or bases.

• The Mannich base formed can be further modified to obtain a variety of compounds.

• Examples of Mannich reaction include the synthesi...read more

Analytical method validation parameters include accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, range, and robustness.

• Accuracy: Measures how close the test results are to the true value.

• Precision: Measures the repeatability and reproducibility of the method.

• Specificity: Determines the ability of the method to measure the analyte accurately in the presence of other components.

• Linearity: Evaluates the relationship between the analyte concentration and the measured response.

• Range: ...read more

An audit trail is a chronological record of activities that provides documented evidence of the sequence of events that have occurred.

• Audit trails are commonly used in financial and healthcare industries to track changes and ensure accountability.

• They can include information such as user actions, timestamps, and system responses.

• Audit trails help in detecting errors, fraud, and unauthorized access to sensitive information.

• For example, in a financial institution, an audit trai...read more

Perfusion bioreactor parameters include flow rate, pressure, oxygen concentration, and nutrient supply.

• Flow rate affects shear stress on cells and nutrient delivery

• Pressure affects oxygen transfer and cell viability

• Oxygen concentration affects cell metabolism and growth

• Nutrient supply affects cell proliferation and differentiation

INTAS Pharma is a leading pharmaceutical company known for its innovative products, strong global presence, and commitment to quality.

• Strong global presence with operations in over 70 countries

• Focus on research and development leading to innovative products

• Commitment to quality and compliance with regulatory standards

• Diverse product portfolio covering various therapeutic areas

• Track record of successful partnerships and acquisitions

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve organizational goals.

• Management involves setting goals and objectives for the organization

• It includes organizing resources such as people, finances, and materials

• Directing involves leading and motivating employees to achieve goals

• Controlling involves monitoring progress and making adjustments as necessary

• Examples of management roles include CEO, department manager, and team lead...read more

Generics in C# allow for type-safe programming and code reusability.

• Generics enable the creation of classes, interfaces, and methods that can work with any data type.

• They provide compile-time type safety and eliminate the need for type casting.

• Examples include List, Dictionary, and Nullable.

• Generics can improve code performance by reducing the need for boxing and unboxing.

• They also promote code reusability and reduce code duplication.

There are 11 major systems in the human body.

• The circulatory system (heart, blood vessels)

• The respiratory system (lungs, airways)

• The digestive system (stomach, intestines)

• The nervous system (brain, spinal cord)

• The muscular system (muscles, tendons)

• The skeletal system (bones, joints)

• The excretory system (kidneys, bladder)

• The endocrine system (glands, hormones)

• The immune system (white blood cells, lymph nodes)

• The reproductive system (ovaries, testes)

• The integumentary system (sk...read more

ARBs block angiotensin II receptors, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. There are multiple generations of ARBs with varying selectivity and potency.

• ARBs work by blocking angiotensin II receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased aldosterone release

• First generation ARBs include losartan and valsartan

• Second generation ARBs like olmesartan and telmisartan have increased selectivity and potency

• There are also combination ARB drugs like valsartan/sacubitril for...read more

Core competencies are unique strengths and capabilities that give a company a competitive advantage in the market.

• Core competencies are specific skills, knowledge, and abilities that distinguish a company from its competitors.

• They are the collective learning in the organization, especially how to coordinate diverse production skills and integrate multiple streams of technologies.

• Examples of core competencies include innovation, customer service, quality control, and efficient...read more

Company canteen bus is a shuttle service provided by the company to transport employees to and from the canteen during meal times.

• Company canteen bus helps employees reach the canteen conveniently

• It saves time for employees during meal breaks

• Some companies offer free canteen bus service while others may charge a nominal fee

QA in pharma refers to quality assurance practices in the pharmaceutical industry.

• QA in pharma involves ensuring that pharmaceutical products are manufactured, tested, and distributed in compliance with regulatory standards.

• It includes implementing quality control measures to maintain product quality and safety.

• QA also involves conducting audits, inspections, and documentation to ensure compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Endoxifen is the active metabolite of tamoxifen, a drug used in the treatment of breast cancer.

• Endoxifen is formed through the metabolism of tamoxifen by the enzyme CYP2D6.

• It has a higher affinity for estrogen receptors compared to tamoxifen.

• Endoxifen inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells.

• It is considered to be the main contributor to the anti-cancer effects of tamoxifen.

6M explanation refers to the 6Ms of management which are commonly used to analyze and improve processes.

• 6Ms stand for Manpower, Machinery, Materials, Methods, Measurements, and Mother Nature.

• These factors are used to identify areas for improvement in a process or system.

• For example, in manufacturing, analyzing the 6Ms can help identify bottlenecks or inefficiencies in production.

• By addressing issues related to the 6Ms, organizations can optimize their operations and improve o...read more

TFF stands for Tangential Flow Filtration, a principle used in separation and purification of biomolecules.

• TFF uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate molecules based on size and charge.

• It is commonly used in the biopharmaceutical industry for protein purification.

• TFF can be used for concentration, buffer exchange, and removal of impurities.

• The principle of TFF is based on the flow of the feed stream tangentially across the membrane surface.

• The retentate (concentrated solu...read more

Procedures for variation involve submitting a variation application to regulatory authorities for approval.

• Variation application should include detailed information on the proposed changes

• Regulatory authorities may require supporting data or documentation to support the variation

• Variation procedures may vary depending on the specific regulations and guidelines of the country or region

• Changes to labeling, manufacturing processes, or formulation may require variation applicatio...read more

The cardiovascular system is a network of organs and vessels that circulate blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

• Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

• Heart pumps blood through arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells

• Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart for reoxygenation

• Capillaries facilitate exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues

Paracetamol is a commonly used tablet for fever.

• Paracetamol is a widely used over-the-counter medication for reducing fever.

• Other common fever-reducing tablets include ibuprofen and aspirin.

• It is important to follow the recommended dosage instructions when taking fever-reducing tablets.

Audit trails are logs that track changes made to data, providing a record of who made the changes, when, and why.

• Audit trails are essential for maintaining data integrity and compliance with regulations.

• They help in identifying errors, fraud, or unauthorized access to data.

• Examples of audit trails include logs of user actions in a software system, changes made to a document, or modifications to a database.

• Audit trails should be secure, tamper-evident, and easily accessible fo...read more

My performance as the jkb title has been exceptional.

• Consistently met or exceeded performance goals

• Received positive feedback from supervisors and colleagues

• Implemented innovative strategies to improve efficiency

• Demonstrated strong leadership skills in managing team

• Maintained a positive attitude and strong work ethic

• Examples: Increased sales by 20%, reduced production time by 30%, received employee of the month award

Human body systems are groups of organs and tissues that work together to perform specific functions.

• The circulatory system pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and removing waste products.

• The respiratory system brings in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide through the lungs.

• The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

• The nervous system controls and coordinates body functions through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

• The endo...read more

Bioburden refers to the total number of microorganisms present on a surface or in a fluid.

• Bioburden is a measure of microbial contamination in a given sample.

• It is typically expressed as the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) per unit of sample.

• Bioburden testing is important in industries such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices to ensure product safety and efficacy.

• Examples of bioburden testing methods include membrane filtration, direct inoculation, and most probable ...read more

Protein purification techniques involve separating proteins from other cellular components.

• Different methods include chromatography, electrophoresis, and precipitation.

• Chromatography can be done using techniques like affinity, ion exchange, and size exclusion.

• Electrophoresis separates proteins based on charge and size.

• Precipitation involves adding a reagent to cause proteins to come out of solution.

• Protein purification is essential for studying protein structure and function.

I faced a problem in managing a cross-functional team.

• Lack of clear communication and coordination among team members

• Difficulty in aligning different team members' goals and priorities

• Challenges in resolving conflicts and managing diverse perspectives

• Ensuring effective collaboration and synergy among team members

• Implementing efficient decision-making processes

Medico-marketing team plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between medical knowledge and marketing strategies.

• Medico-marketing team combines medical expertise with marketing skills to develop effective strategies.

• They ensure that marketing materials are accurate, compliant with regulations, and resonate with healthcare professionals.

• They conduct market research to understand the needs and preferences of healthcare professionals and patients.

• They collaborate with medical a...read more

The test of microlabs is an important aspect of microbiology research and analysis.

• Microlab tests are conducted to identify and analyze microorganisms.

• These tests involve culturing microorganisms in a controlled environment.

• Various techniques such as staining, biochemical tests, and molecular methods are used in microlab testing.

• Microlab tests help in diagnosing infectious diseases, studying microbial growth, and determining antibiotic susceptibility.

• Examples of microlab test...read more

Tamoxifen is a medication that is used to treat and prevent breast cancer by blocking the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue.

• Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that binds to estrogen receptors in breast cancer cells.

• It is commonly used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

• Tamoxifen can also be used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in women at high risk of developing the disease.

• Side effects of tamoxifen may include hot ...read more

A linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next element in the sequence.

• Consists of nodes connected by pointers

• Can be singly linked or doubly linked

• Allows for efficient insertion and deletion operations

The kind of HPLC detector used in chromatography analysis.

• Common types include UV-Vis, fluorescence, refractive index, and conductivity detectors

• Choice of detector depends on the analyte being measured and the sensitivity required

• UV-Vis detectors are widely used for general purpose analysis

• Fluorescence detectors are more sensitive and selective for certain compounds

The digestion system is responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body.

• The digestion process starts in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.

• Food then travels down the esophagus to the stomach where it is further broken down by stomach acid and enzymes.

• The small intestine is where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream.

• The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes, forming waste products that are eventua...read more

Variations in regulatory submissions include major, minor, and administrative changes.

• Major variations involve significant changes to the product, such as formulation or indication.

• Minor variations are less significant changes, like packaging updates.

• Administrative variations are minor administrative changes, like contact details.

• Examples: Major - adding a new indication, Minor - updating packaging design, Administrative - changing contact information

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.

• Transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply.

• They consist of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary coils, which are wrapped around a magnetic core.

• When an AC voltage is applied to the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

• Tra...read more

Various tests are conducted in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs.

• Different tests include dissolution testing, stability testing, impurity testing, and bioavailability testing.

• These tests help in determining the quality, purity, and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products.

• For example, dissolution testing evaluates how quickly a drug dissolves in the body, while stability testing assesses the shelf-life of a drug.

• Impurity testing identifies...read more

SAP T-codes are transaction codes used in SAP systems to execute specific tasks or functions.

• T-codes are used to access different functions in SAP such as creating a purchase order (ME21N) or displaying a material (MM03).

• Each T-code corresponds to a specific task or transaction in SAP.

• Users can enter T-codes in the command field to quickly navigate to different functions within the system.

Answering about last drawn and expected CTC

• My last drawn CTC was X and my expected CTC is Y

• I am open to negotiation based on the job responsibilities and market standards

• I am looking for a fair compensation package that aligns with my skills and experience

Endotoxins are toxic substances present in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.

• Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS) found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.

• They are released when the bacteria die or are destroyed, and can cause fever, inflammation, and septic shock in humans.

• Endotoxins are commonly tested for in pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and other products to ensure safety.

• Examples of gram-negative bacteria that produce endotoxins include E. coli...read more

Deviation work flow is a process that outlines how to handle and document any deviations from standard procedures or requirements.

• Deviation is identified and documented

• Root cause analysis is conducted to determine the reason for the deviation

• Corrective and preventive actions are proposed and implemented

• Impact assessment is done to evaluate the consequences of the deviation

• Approval process for the deviation and actions taken is completed

The drug approval process involves several stages of testing and evaluation before a drug can be approved for use.

• The process begins with preclinical testing on animals to determine safety and efficacy.

• If the results are promising, the drug moves on to clinical trials in humans, which are conducted in three phases.

• After successful completion of clinical trials, the drug can be submitted for FDA approval.

• The FDA reviews the drug's safety and efficacy data before deciding wheth...read more

Putting off reliever shift involves handing over responsibilities to the next shift in a detailed manner.

• Ensure all equipment and machinery are in proper working condition before handing over.

• Provide a detailed report on any ongoing tasks or issues that need attention.

• Communicate effectively with the incoming shift to ensure a smooth transition of duties.

• Document any important information or incidents that occurred during your shift.

• Answer any questions the reliever shift may...read more

I have over 10 years of experience in designing and executing test plans, conducting quality assurance activities, and leading testing teams.

• Designed and implemented comprehensive test plans for software products

• Executed various types of testing including functional, regression, performance, and user acceptance testing

• Led testing teams to ensure thorough test coverage and timely delivery of high-quality products

• Utilized automated testing tools to streamline testing processes ...read more

Cell culture expansion process involves growing cells in a controlled environment to increase their numbers.

• Cells are typically grown in a nutrient-rich media in a sterile environment.

• The culture is maintained at optimal conditions such as temperature, pH, and oxygen levels.

• Cells are regularly monitored for growth and viability.

• Expansion can be achieved through passaging, where cells are transferred to fresh media to continue growing.

• Scale-up of cell culture may involve biore...read more

cGMP stands for current Good Manufacturing Practices, which are regulations enforced by the FDA to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.

• cGMP regulations are designed to ensure that pharmaceutical products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.

• Examples of cGMP requirements include proper documentation, validation of processes, and adherence to cleanliness and hygiene standards.

• Manufacturers must follow cGMP guidelines to ob...read more

Phases of clinical trials are crucial for testing safety and efficacy of new drugs.

• Phase 1: Small group of healthy volunteers to test safety and dosage

• Phase 2: Larger group of patients to test efficacy and side effects

• Phase 3: Even larger group of patients to confirm efficacy, monitor side effects, and compare to existing treatments

• Phase 4: Post-marketing surveillance to monitor long-term effects and safety in larger population