100+ Interview Questions and Answers

I chose Machine Learning during the workshop because of its potential to solve complex problems and make predictions.

• I was fascinated by the idea of training machines to learn from data and make predictions

• I saw the potential of Machine Learning in solving complex problems that traditional programming couldn't

• I was impressed by the real-world applications of Machine Learning, such as image recognition and natural language processing

Difference between server.transfer and Response.redirect

• Server.Transfer transfers control to another page on the server without the client knowing

• Response.Redirect sends a message to the client to redirect to another page

• Server.Transfer is faster and more efficient than Response.Redirect

• Server.Transfer can only be used within the same application, while Response.Redirect can be used to redirect to any URL

The final keyword is used in Java to indicate that a variable, method, or class cannot be changed or overridden.

• Final variables cannot be reassigned once initialized.

• Final methods cannot be overridden in subclasses.

• Final classes cannot be extended by other classes.

• Static variables are shared among all instances of a class.

• Static methods can be called without creating an instance of the class.

A software engineer interview question covering various Java concepts.

• Classes are blueprints for objects, while interfaces define a set of methods that a class must implement.

• Getter and setter methods are used to access and modify the values of instance variables.

• Instance variables are declared within a class and are accessible throughout the class, while local variables are declared within a method and are only accessible within that method.

• Encapsulation is the practice of h...read more

Abstract class can have implementation while interface cannot. A class can implement multiple interfaces but can extend only one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot.

• Abstract class can have instance variables while interface cannot.

• Abstract class can have non-abstract methods while interface cannot.

• A class implementing an interface must implement all its methods while it can choose to implement only some methods of an abstract class.

• An ab...read more

JDK is Java Development Kit, JRE is Java Runtime Environment, and JVM is Java Virtual Machine. Java8 features include lambda expressions, streams, and default methods.

• JDK is a software development kit that provides tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications.

• JRE is a runtime environment that allows running Java applications. It includes JVM and necessary libraries.

• JVM is a virtual machine that executes Java bytecode. It provides platform independence and...read more

C is a procedural language while Java is an object-oriented language.

• C is a low-level language while Java is a high-level language.

• C requires manual memory management while Java has automatic garbage collection.

• Java is platform-independent while C is platform-dependent.

• Java has built-in support for multithreading while C does not.

• Java has a larger standard library compared to C.

• C is commonly used for system programming while Java is commonly used for web and mobile applicatio...read more

Microcontroller is a single chip computer with on-chip memory and peripherals, while microprocessor is a CPU only.

• Microcontroller has on-chip memory and peripherals, while microprocessor requires external memory and peripherals.

• Microcontroller is used in embedded systems, while microprocessor is used in general-purpose computing.

• Examples of microcontrollers include Arduino, PIC, and AVR, while examples of microprocessors include Intel Pentium, AMD Ryzen, and ARM Cortex.

• Microc...read more

Explaining various Spring Boot annotations and their differences.

• RestController vs Controller: RestController is used for RESTful web services while Controller is used for traditional web applications.

• Bean vs Component: Bean is used to define a single object while Component is used to define a class as a Spring-managed component.

• RequestMapping vs GetMapping: RequestMapping is used to map HTTP requests while GetMapping is used specifically for GET requests.

The interview questions cover various topics related to Spring framework, REST vs SOAP, JPA repository, Feign client, circuit breaker, and Spring Security.

• Spring Boot provides a simpler and faster way to set up and run Spring applications compared to traditional Spring.

• Common annotations in Spring include @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Autowired, @Component, @RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping, @DeleteMapping, @Valid, @NotNull, etc.

• CRUD operations re...read more

Copy constructor creates a new object by copying an existing object.

• Copy constructor is used to create a new object with the same values as an existing object.

• It is needed to pass by reference to avoid creating a copy of the object, which can be expensive.

• Passing by reference allows the new object to share the same memory as the original object.

• Copy constructor is automatically called when a new object is created from an existing object.

Questions related to Java programming language concepts and features.

• StringBuilder and StringBuffer are used for efficient string manipulation.

• Arrays are fixed in size while linked lists can grow dynamically.

• TreeSet is a sorted set implementation in Java.

• Java 8 introduced lambda expressions, streams, and functional interfaces.

• Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and methods.

• Dynamic method dispatch is the mechanism by which a call to an overridden method is r...read more

Questions related to software engineering concepts and SQL

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects

• .NET Framework is a software framework developed by Microsoft that provides a programming model for building applications

• Page lifecycle refers to the stages that a web page goes through from creation to destruction

• MVC stands for Model-View-Controller which is a software design pattern for developing web applicatio...read more

Interview questions for Software Engineer position covering OOPS concepts, exception handling, SOLID principles, Java 8 features, and Streams.

• Abstraction in OOPS: Hiding implementation details. Example: Abstract class Shape with method draw().

• Encapsulation in OOPS: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data. Example: Class Employee with private fields and public getters/setters.

• Inheritance in OOPS: Reusing code and extending functionality. Example: Class Dog extends A...read more

Explaining virtual function problem with vtable and vptr

• Virtual functions allow polymorphism by allowing child classes to override base class functions

• Vtable is a table of function pointers that maps virtual functions to their implementations

• Vptr is a pointer to the vtable of an object

• When a child class object is pointing to a base class object, the vptr points to the base class vtable

• This can cause issues if the child class has overridden a virtual function, as the base clas...read more

To debug a particular program without affecting others, use breakpoints and step through the code.

• Set a breakpoint in the program you want to debug

• Step through the code using a debugger to identify the issue

• Use logging statements to track the flow of the program

• Check the call stack to see which functions are being called

• Use conditional breakpoints to stop the program at specific points

Second level cache is a caching mechanism used to improve performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory.

• Second level cache is implemented at the application level and can be configured using frameworks like Hibernate.

• To optimize SQL queries, one can use indexes, avoid using SELECT *, and use JOINs instead of subqueries.

• SOLID principles are a set of design principles for writing maintainable and scalable code.

• SOLID stands for Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Lis...read more

String pool is a cache of string literals in Java. String is immutable to ensure security and efficiency.

• String pool is a collection of unique string literals stored in heap memory.

• When a new string is created, JVM checks if it already exists in the pool. If yes, it returns the reference to the existing object.

• String immutability ensures that once a string is created, its value cannot be changed. This ensures security and efficiency.

• For example, if a password is stored as a s...read more

Object oriented programming focuses on objects and their interactions, while procedure oriented programming focuses on functions and procedures.

• Object oriented programming uses classes and objects to encapsulate data and behavior, while procedure oriented programming uses functions to manipulate data.

• In OOP, inheritance and polymorphism are key concepts, while in POP, modularity and reusability are emphasized.

• Examples of OOP languages include Java and Python, while examples o...read more

Structure is a user-defined data type that can hold variables of different data types. Array is a collection of similar data types.

• Structures can have variables of different data types while arrays can only have variables of the same data type.

• Structures can also have functions while arrays cannot.

• Example: struct student {int id; char name[20]; float marks;}; int marksArray[5];

if else is used for conditional statements with multiple conditions while switch is used for multiple conditions with same variable.

• if else can handle multiple conditions with different outcomes

• switch can handle multiple conditions with same outcome

• if else is more flexible and can handle complex conditions

• switch is faster and easier to read for simple conditions

• example of if else: if (x > 5) {do something} else if (x < 5) {do something else} else {do something else}

• example of...read more

A pointer to a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another pointer variable.

• It is used to modify the value of a pointer indirectly.

• It is denoted by ** in C language.

• It is commonly used in dynamic memory allocation.

• Example: int **ptr; // pointer to a pointer to an integer

DBMS is a software system that manages databases. Data module is a component of DBMS. File structure and storage structure differ in their organization of data. Stack operations include push and pop. Python has built-in types like int, float, and str.

• DBMS manages databases, while data module is a component of DBMS.

• File structure and storage structure differ in their organization of data.

• Stack operations include push and pop.

• Python has built-in types like int, float, and str.

Left join returns all records from left table and matching records from right table, right join returns all records from right table and matching records from left table.

• Left join keeps all records from left table and matching records from right table

• Right join keeps all records from right table and matching records from left table

• Use ON keyword to specify the join condition

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 RI...read more

Achieve the same result as FULL JOIN without using the keyword FULL JOIN in your query.

• Use a combination of LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN to achieve the same result as FULL JOIN.

• Combine the results of both LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN using UNION operator.

• Use COALESCE function to handle NULL values in the resulting table.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id UNION SELECT * FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id WHERE table1.id IS NULL ...read more

To remove duplicates from Excel data, use the Remove Duplicates feature under the Data tab.

• Select the range of cells that contain the data you want to remove duplicates from.

• Click on the Data tab and select Remove Duplicates.

• Choose the columns that you want to check for duplicates and click OK.

• The duplicates will be removed and a message will appear showing how many duplicates were removed.

• You can also use the COUNTIF function to identify and remove duplicates.

• Example: =IF(CO...read more

Java features, access modifiers, ArrayList, exception handling, and throw/throws in Java.

• Java features include platform independence, object-oriented programming, and automatic memory management.

• Access modifiers in Java are public, private, protected, and default. They control the visibility and accessibility of classes, methods, and variables.

• ArrayList is a dynamic array in Java that can grow or shrink in size. It is part of the Java Collections Framework.

• Private access modi...read more

C++ supports multiple inheritance, Java supports single inheritance. C++ has pointers, Java has references.

• C++ supports multiple inheritance, Java supports single inheritance

• C++ has pointers, Java has references

• C++ allows operator overloading, Java does not

• C++ has destructors, Java has finalizers

A pointer in C language is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

• Pointers are used to manipulate data directly in memory

• They can be used to pass data between functions efficiently

• Pointers can be used to create dynamic data structures like linked lists

• Example: int *ptr; ptr = # *ptr = 10; //num now has a value of 10

Abstraction is the process of hiding implementation details while showing only the necessary information.

• Abstraction helps in reducing complexity and increasing efficiency.

• It allows us to focus on what an object does instead of how it does it.

• For example, a car's driver only needs to know how to drive it, not how the engine works.

• Access modifiers are keywords in object-oriented programming that determine the accessibility of class members.

• There are four types of access modifi...read more

It depends on the complexity of the language and my prior experience with similar languages.

• I can learn a new language quickly if it is similar to ones I already know.

• If the language is completely new to me, it may take a few weeks to become proficient.

• I would need to spend time practicing and working on projects to fully master the language.

• Learning a new language is an ongoing process, and I would continue to improve my skills over time.

Executor is an interface that executes submitted tasks in a separate thread. Thread pool is a collection of threads that can be reused.

• Executor provides a way to decouple task submission from task execution.

• Thread pool manages a fixed number of threads and assigns tasks to them.

• Executor framework provides a way to manage thread pools.

• Example: Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10) creates a thread pool with 10 threads.

• Example: Executor.execute(Runnable task) submits a task to the e...read more

Yes, Java 8 introduced several new features including lambda expressions, streams, and default methods.

• Lambda expressions allow for functional programming and simplify code.

• Streams provide a way to process collections of data in a functional way.

• Default methods allow for adding new methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations.

• Other new features include the Optional class, Date and Time API, and Nashorn JavaScript engine.

• Example: Lambda expression - (x, y) -...read more

Implement stack using array in C++

• Declare an array and a variable to keep track of top element

• Push element by incrementing top and assigning value to array[top]

• Pop element by returning array[top] and decrementing top

• Check for overflow and underflow conditions

Function pointer is a variable that stores the address of a function.

• Function pointers can be used to pass a function as an argument to another function.

• They can also be used to create callbacks and implement polymorphism.

• Example: int (*funcPtr)(int, int) = &add; where add is a function that takes two integers and returns their sum.

• Dereferencing a function pointer calls the function it points to.

Map and Collection are data structures in programming used to store and manipulate data.

• Map is a key-value pair data structure where each value is associated with a unique key.

• Collection is a group of objects that can be accessed and manipulated as a single unit.

• Examples of collections include lists, sets, and queues.

• Maps are commonly used for caching, indexing, and searching data.

• Collections are used for storing and manipulating data in various ways such as sorting, filterin...read more

Jagged arrays are arrays of arrays with different lengths.

• Jagged arrays are also known as ragged arrays.

• They are useful when the number of elements in each row is not fixed.

• Example: int[][] jaggedArray = new int[3][]; jaggedArray[0] = new int[2]; jaggedArray[1] = new int[4]; jaggedArray[2] = new int[3];

• Accessing elements in a jagged array requires two sets of square brackets.

• Jagged arrays can be used to represent irregularly shaped data, such as a matrix with missing values.

The four pillars of OOP are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together in a class to hide implementation details.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and behaviors.

• Polymorphism: The ability of objects of different classes to respond to the same method call.

• Abstraction: Simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable parts.

Encrypted passwords for user module can be generated using hashing algorithms like bcrypt or PBKDF2.

• Choose a strong hashing algorithm like bcrypt or PBKDF2

• Generate a random salt for each user

• Combine the password and salt, and hash the result using the chosen algorithm

• Store the salt and hashed password in the database

• When verifying a password, retrieve the salt for the user, combine it with the entered password, and hash the result using the same algorithm. Compare the resulti...read more

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects', which can contain data and code.

• OOPs focuses on the use of classes and objects to organize and structure code

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key concepts in OOPs

• Examples of OOPs languages include Java, C++, and Python

Data structures are ways of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently.

• There are two main types of data structures: primitive and non-primitive

• Primitive data structures include integers, floats, characters, and booleans

• Non-primitive data structures include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs

• Each data structure has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the use case

64bit and 32bit refer to the size of data that a processor can handle.

• 64bit processors can handle larger amounts of memory and perform faster than 32bit processors.

• 64bit processors are more efficient in handling complex calculations and running multiple applications simultaneously.

• 32bit processors are limited to 4GB of RAM and can only handle 32bit software.

• Most modern computers and operating systems are 64bit.

• Examples of 64bit processors include Intel Core i5 and i7, AMD Ryz...read more

Control structure refers to the way a program is organized and executed based on certain conditions.

• Control structures are used to control the flow of a program.

• They include if-else statements, loops, and switch statements.

• If-else statements allow for conditional execution of code.

• Loops allow for repeated execution of code.

• Switch statements allow for multiple possible outcomes based on a single variable.

• Proper use of control structures can improve program efficiency and reada...read more

While loop executes only if the condition is true, do while loop executes at least once before checking the condition.

• While loop checks the condition first, then executes the code block

• Do while loop executes the code block first, then checks the condition

• While loop may not execute at all if the condition is false initially

• Do while loop always executes at least once

• While loop is a pre-test loop, do while loop is a post-test loop

Interview questions for Software Engineer on OOPs concepts, list and tuples, and sorting strings.

• OOPs concepts include inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Lists and tuples are data structures in Python. Lists are mutable while tuples are immutable.

• To sort a string in Python, use the sorted() function or the sort() method.

Handle exceptions in a class by using try-catch blocks and throwing custom exceptions.

• Use try-catch blocks to catch exceptions and handle them appropriately.

• Throw custom exceptions to provide more specific information about the error.

• Use multiple catch blocks to handle different types of exceptions.

• Implement a finally block to execute code regardless of whether an exception is thrown or not.

I am aware of various technologies including programming languages, databases, frameworks, and tools.

• Programming languages: Java, Python, C++, JavaScript, Ruby, PHP

• Databases: MySQL, MongoDB, Oracle, SQL Server

• Frameworks: Spring, Django, Ruby on Rails, AngularJS

• Tools: Git, Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes

• Operating Systems: Windows, Linux, macOS

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together in a single unit.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms or have multiple behaviors.

• Association: Relationship between two objects.

• Aggregation: A special form of association wh...read more

Linked list is a linear data structure. DFS and BFS are graph traversal algorithms.

• Linked list is a collection of nodes where each node points to the next node.

• DFS (Depth First Search) is a traversal algorithm that explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.

• BFS (Breadth First Search) is a traversal algorithm that explores all the vertices of a graph in breadth-first order.

• Example of linked list: 1->2->3->4->5

• Example of DFS: starting from node A, explore...read more

Run time polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on multiple forms at runtime.

• It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they belong to a single class hierarchy.

• It is achieved through method overriding and dynamic binding.

• Example: Animal class with subclasses Dog and Cat. A method speak() is overridden in both subclasses.

• At runtime, an object of type Animal can refer to either a Dog or a Cat object and call their respective speak() methods.

To deploy a project with server port, you need to specify the port number in the project configuration and ensure the server is listening on that port.

• Specify the port number in the project configuration file (e.g. server.js or application.properties).

• Ensure the server code is configured to listen on the specified port.

• Update any firewall or security settings to allow traffic on the specified port.

• Use tools like Docker or Kubernetes to deploy the project with the specified po...read more

Singleton class is a class that can have only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.

• Singleton class is used when we need to ensure that only one instance of a class is created throughout the application.

• It is implemented by making the constructor private and providing a static method to get the instance of the class.

• Example: java.lang.Runtime is a singleton class that provides access to the runtime environment of the current Java application.

• Singleton patte...read more

M-view is a specific type of view used in software engineering.

• M-view stands for Model-view and is a design pattern used to separate the data model from the user interface.

• It helps in achieving a clear separation of concerns and promotes code reusability.

• M-view is commonly used in frameworks like MVC (Model-View-Controller) and MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel).

• On the other hand, a view refers to the user interface component that presents the data to the user.

• Views are responsible ...read more

To deploy an application in AWS, you need to create an EC2 instance, configure security groups, install necessary software, and upload your application code.

• Create an EC2 instance in the desired region and select the appropriate instance type

• Configure security groups to allow traffic to and from the instance

• Install necessary software and dependencies on the instance

• Upload your application code to the instance

• Start the application and test it

• Optionally, use Elastic Load Balanc...read more

A network is a group of interconnected devices that can communicate and share resources.

• A network can be wired or wireless.

• Devices on a network can share files, printers, and internet access.

• Networks can be local (LAN) or wide area (WAN).

• Examples of networks include the internet, home Wi-Fi, and corporate intranets.

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming which is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Encapsulation

• Inheritance

• Polymorphism

• Abstraction

• Objects and Classes

Array is a collection of elements of same data type. Linked list is a data structure where each element points to the next one.

• Arrays have fixed size, linked lists can grow dynamically

• Arrays have constant time access, linked lists have linear time access

• Arrays are stored in contiguous memory, linked lists are stored in non-contiguous memory

• Example of array: int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

• Example of linked list: Node head = new Node(1); head.next = new Node(2);

To make a class immutable in Java, we need to follow certain rules.

• Make the class final so that it cannot be extended

• Make all the fields private and final

• Do not provide any setter methods

• If the class has mutable fields, return a copy of the field instead of the original in getter methods

• Ensure that any mutable objects passed to the constructor are not modified outside the class

• Override equals() and hashCode() methods to ensure that objects can be compared properly

Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details and providing a public interface for accessing the functionality.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data abstraction and information hiding

• It prevents unauthorized access to the internal details of an object

• It allows for easy modification of implementation without affecting the external code

• Example: A class with private variables and public methods

• Example: A bank account class with methods for deposit and withdraw, b...read more

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Encapsulation: Objects can encapsulate data and behavior within a single unit.

• Inheritance: Objects can inherit attributes and methods from other objects.

• Polymorphism: Objects can take on different forms or have multiple behaviors.

• Reusability: Objects can be reused in different parts of a program.

• Modularity: Objects promote modular design and code organization.

• Examp...read more

I am proficient in 5 programming languages.

• I am proficient in Java, Python, C++, JavaScript, and SQL.

• I have experience in developing web applications using JavaScript and Python frameworks.

• I have worked on database management using SQL.

• I have also developed desktop applications using Java and C++.

• I am always eager to learn new programming languages and technologies.

To find the third number in a Pythagorean triplet given two numbers.

• Use the Pythagorean theorem (a^2 + b^2 = c^2) to solve for the missing number.

• Check if the given numbers form a Pythagorean triplet before proceeding.

• The third number can be either a or b depending on which two numbers are given.

Questions related to managed vs unmanaged code, EF count vs any, optional parameters in C#, and queries in LINQ.

• Managed code is compiled to Intermediate Language (IL) and executed by Common Language Runtime (CLR), while unmanaged code is directly executed by the operating system.

• EF's Count() method returns the number of elements in a collection, while Any() returns a boolean indicating whether the collection contains any elements.

• Optional parameters in C# allow for default va...read more

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPs is a way of organizing and designing code around objects

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism

• It helps in creating reusable code and reduces code complexity

• Examples of OOPs languages are Java, C++, Python, etc.

Excel can be used in UiPath for data manipulation and automation.

• Use Excel Application Scope activity to open an Excel file

• Use Read Range activity to read data from Excel

• Use Write Range activity to write data to Excel

• Use Filter Data Table activity to filter data in Excel

• Use For Each Row activity to loop through rows in Excel

• Use Excel activities in UiPath StudioX for easy automation

• Example: Use UiPath to extract data from an Excel file and input it into a web form

• Example: Use ...read more

Convert nested array to flat array using custom method

• Create a recursive function to flatten the nested array

• Use Array.isArray() to check if an element is an array

• Concatenate arrays using Array.concat() method

Reverse a given string and explain the difference between array and arraylist.

• To reverse a string, we can use the built-in reverse() method or loop through the string and append each character in reverse order.

• Arrays are fixed in size, while ArrayLists can dynamically grow and shrink.

• Arrays can hold primitive data types and objects, while ArrayLists can only hold objects.

• Arrays are faster for accessing elements, while ArrayLists are faster for inserting and deleting elements.

Ordered map maintains the order of insertion while unordered map does not.

• Ordered map is implemented as a balanced tree while unordered map is implemented as a hash table.

• Ordered map has slower insertion and deletion but faster searching compared to unordered map.

• Unordered map has faster insertion and deletion but slower searching compared to ordered map.

• Example: std::map vs std::unordered_map in C++.

Exceptions in Spring Boot can be handled using @ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, or custom exception classes.

• Use @ExceptionHandler annotation in controller classes to handle specific exceptions

• Use @ControllerAdvice annotation to define global exception handling for all controllers

• Create custom exception classes by extending RuntimeException or Exception classes

An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources.

• It acts as an interface between the user and the computer hardware.

• It provides services to applications and manages system resources.

• Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.

• It controls the allocation of memory, processing power, and input/output devices.

• It provides security and protection to the system and user data.

Different types of testing include unit, integration, system, acceptance, and regression testing. Testing tools include Selenium, JUnit, and TestNG.

• Unit testing: testing individual units or components of code

• Integration testing: testing how different units or components work together

• System testing: testing the entire system as a whole

• Acceptance testing: testing to ensure the system meets the requirements of the stakeholders

• Regression testing: testing to ensure changes to the ...read more

Incident management is the process of identifying, analyzing, and resolving incidents to minimize their impact on business operations. Change management is the process of managing changes to IT systems to minimize disruption and ensure that changes are made in a controlled and systematic manner.

• Incident management involves identifying and resolving incidents as quickly as possible to minimize their impact on business operations.

• Change management involves managing changes to I...read more

DBMS is a software to manage databases while RDBMS is a type of DBMS that uses a relational model.

• DBMS stands for Database Management System while RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

• DBMS can manage any type of database while RDBMS uses a relational model to manage data.

• DBMS does not enforce any specific data model while RDBMS enforces a tabular data model.

• Examples of DBMS include MongoDB and Cassandra while examples of RDBMS include MySQL and Oracle.

There are three types of loops in programming.

• The three types of loops are: for loop, while loop, and do-while loop.

• For loop is used when the number of iterations is known beforehand.

• While loop is used when the number of iterations is not known beforehand.

• Do-while loop is similar to while loop, but it executes at least once before checking the condition.

SQL query to fetch table from database

• Use SELECT statement to fetch data from a table

• Specify the columns you want to retrieve after SELECT

• Use FROM keyword followed by the table name

I am proficient in Java, Python, C++, and JavaScript.

• Java

• Python

• C++

• JavaScript

Storage classes in C define the scope and lifetime of variables.

• There are four storage classes in C: auto, register, static, and extern.

• Auto variables are local to a block and have automatic storage duration.

• Register variables are stored in CPU registers for faster access.

• Static variables have a lifetime throughout the program and are initialized only once.

• Extern variables are declared outside any function and can be accessed by any function in the program.

Optimize O(n2) program to O(log n)

• Use binary search instead of linear search

• Divide and conquer approach can be used

• Implement efficient data structures like heap, AVL tree, etc.

• Reduce unnecessary iterations and comparisons

• Use memoization to avoid redundant calculations

A person who remains calm and composed in high-pressure situations.

• Someone with strong problem-solving skills

• Ability to think clearly under pressure

• Experience in handling emergencies or crises

• Good communication skills to coordinate with others

• Examples: Emergency responders, crisis negotiators, experienced software engineers

LINQ is a language integrated query used to query data from different data sources while SQL is a query language used to query data from relational databases.

• LINQ is used to query data from different data sources like arrays, collections, XML documents, and databases while SQL is used to query data from relational databases.

• LINQ queries are written in C# or VB.NET while SQL queries are written in SQL.

• LINQ queries are executed at runtime while SQL queries are executed at compi...read more

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS focuses on creating objects that contain both data and methods to manipulate that data.

• Encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism are key principles of OOPS.

• I have used OOPS in projects to create classes and objects, define relationships between them, and implement inheritance and polymorphism.

• For example, I created a class 'Car' with properties like 'make', 'model...read more

Remove unwanted spaces from a given string

• Use string manipulation functions to remove extra spaces

• Iterate through the string and remove any consecutive spaces

• Trim the string to remove leading and trailing spaces

Types of network include LAN, WAN, MAN, WLAN, VPN, PAN, SAN, CAN, and GAN.

• LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a small area

• WAN (Wide Area Network) connects devices across a large geographical area

• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) connects devices within a city or metropolitan area

• WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) uses wireless technology to connect devices within a small area

• VPN (Virtual Private Network) allows secure remote access to a private network

• PAN (Personal...read more

Code to delete a node from a given position

• Identify the node to be deleted and its previous node

• Update the previous node's next pointer to skip the node to be deleted

• Free the memory occupied by the node to be deleted

Shiv Nadar is the first founder of HCL.

• Shiv Nadar founded HCL in 1976.

• He started the company with an investment of Rs. 187,000.

• HCL initially focused on selling calculators before transitioning to IT services.

Iterate through each character in the string and count the number of characters.

• Create a function that takes a string as input.

• Initialize a counter variable to 0.

• Use a loop to iterate through each character in the string and increment the counter.

• Return the counter as the length of the string.

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.

• Encapsulation - binding data and functions that manipulate the data

• Inheritance - creating new classes from existing ones

• Polymorphism - ability of objects to take on many forms

• Abstraction - hiding implementation details and showing only functionality

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• It includes concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are of the same class....read more

A pointer to pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another pointer.

• It is used to store the address of a pointer variable.

• It allows indirect access to a memory location.

• Commonly used in dynamic memory allocation and multi-dimensional arrays.

SQL query to display second largest number

• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the numbers in descending order

• Use the LIMIT clause to retrieve the second row

PEP stands for Python Enhancement Proposal, which is a document that describes a new feature or improvement for Python.

• PEPs are used to propose and discuss changes to Python.

• PEPs are numbered and categorized based on their type.

• PEPs can be submitted by anyone in the Python community.

• Examples of PEPs include PEP 8, which defines the Python style guide, and PEP 20, which outlines the Zen of Python.

Data types in C++ are used to define the type of data a variable can hold.

• C++ has built-in data types like int, float, double, char, bool, etc.

• User-defined data types like struct, class, enum, etc. can also be created.

• Data types determine the size and range of values that can be stored in a variable.

• Data types can be used to ensure type safety and prevent errors in code.

Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers.

• Docker allows you to package an application with all of its dependencies into a standardized unit called a container.

• Containers are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments that can run on any machine with Docker installed.

• Docker uses a client-server architecture with a Docker client communicating with a Docker daemon to build, run, and manage containers.

• Docker Hub is a cloud-based r...read more

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class

• Promotes code reusability and reduces redundancy

• Derived class can override inherited methods or add new methods

• Example: Class 'Animal' can be a base class with properties like 'name' and methods like 'eat'. Class 'Dog' can inherit from 'Animal' and add a method 'bark'.

Object-oriented programming concepts that help in organizing and structuring code for better reusability and maintainability.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to t...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.

• Inheritance allows code reuse and promotes code organization.

• There are different types of inheritance: single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid.

• Single inheritance involves a class inheriting from a single base class.

• Multiple inheritance involves a class inheriting from multiple base classes.

• Multilevel inheritance involves a class inheritin...read more

Yes, I am capable of providing prod support.

• I have experience in troubleshooting and resolving production issues.

• I am familiar with monitoring tools like Nagios and New Relic.

• I am comfortable working in a fast-paced environment and can handle multiple tasks simultaneously.