GLS Group Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What is split horison? How can we resolve it?
Ans. 
Split horizon is a technique used in computer networking to prevent routing loops by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.
• Split horizon is used in distance-vector routing protocols like RIP to prevent routing loops.

• It works by not advertising routes back to the same interface they were learned from.

• Split horizon with poison reverse takes this a step further by advertising the route w...read more
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Q2. What is BGP? How BGP works?
Ans. 
BGP stands for Border Gateway Protocol, used to exchange routing information between different networks.
• BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used to make routing decisions on the internet.

• It operates by exchanging routing information between different autonomous systems (AS).

• BGP uses TCP port 179 for communication.

• BGP routers maintain a table of IP prefixes and their paths to reach them.

• BGP can be configured to influenc...read more
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Q3. What are the type of BGP and their AD value?
Ans. 
There are two types of BGP: eBGP and iBGP. eBGP has an AD value of 20, while iBGP has an AD value of 200.
• eBGP (External BGP) - AD value: 20

• iBGP (Internal BGP) - AD value: 200
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Q4. What is routing protocol? What are the types of routing protocol?
Ans. 
Routing protocol is a set of rules used by routers to determine the best path for data packets to travel.
• Routing protocols help routers communicate with each other to dynamically update routing tables.

• Types of routing protocols include distance-vector (e.g. RIP), link-state (e.g. OSPF), and hybrid (e.g. EIGRP).

• Distance-vector protocols determine the best path based on hop count.

• Link-state protocols use a more complex a...read more
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Q5. What is ospf?
Ans. 
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to determine the best path for data packets in a network.
• OSPF is a link-state routing protocol

• It uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path

• OSPF routers exchange link-state advertisements (LSAs) to build a topology map

• It supports VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking) and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

• OSPF divides the network into areas to re
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Q6. How do we prevent loop avoidance in BGP?
Ans. 
Preventing loop avoidance in BGP involves using loop prevention mechanisms like AS Path and Route Reflectors.
• Use AS Path attribute to prevent loops by tracking the path a route has taken through AS numbers.

• Implement Route Reflectors to avoid loops in BGP by controlling the route propagation within a cluster.

• Utilize BGP Confederations to divide the network into smaller autonomous systems to prevent loops.

• Regularly monit...read more
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Q7. What is OSI model? What are the layers of OSI model?
Ans. 
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
• The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.

• It helps in understanding how data is transferred from one computer to another over a network.

• The seven layers of OSI model are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has speci...read more
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Q8. How does tracerout works?
Ans. 
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from one networked device to another.
• Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to determine the path to a destination.

• Each router along the path sends back an ICMP Time Exceeded message, allowing traceroute to map the route.

• The final destination sends an ICMP Port Unreachable message, indicating the end of the route.

• Traceroute helps i...read more
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Q9. If we see "*****" in tracerout, what it means?
Ans. 
The presence of '*****' in a traceroute indicates that the router is blocking the ICMP packets used by traceroute.
• The '*****' indicates that the router is not responding to the ICMP packets sent by the traceroute tool.

• This could be due to the router being configured to block ICMP traffic for security reasons.

• It can also be caused by a firewall or network filtering rules blocking the ICMP packets.

• In some cases, the '***...read more
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Q10. What are the states in BGP?
Ans. 
BGP states include Idle, Connect, Active, OpenSent, OpenConfirm, Established.
• Idle - Initial state when BGP is not yet established

• Connect - Attempting to establish a TCP connection

• Active - Waiting for a TCP connection to be completed

• OpenSent - Sent an Open message to peer

• OpenConfirm - Received an Open message and waiting for confirmation

• Established - BGP peers are fully established and can exchange routing information
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Q11. If there is a non tech guys on site to replace faulty router with new router, how do you configure the new router?
Ans. 
The new router can be configured remotely using a laptop or mobile device with access to the network.
• Access the router's web interface by entering its IP address in a web browser

• Login using default credentials or credentials provided by the company

• Configure basic settings such as SSID, password, and security settings

• Update firmware if necessary

• Test the connection to ensure it is working properly
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Q12. What are CE and PE routers?
Ans. 
CE and PE routers are types of routers used in MPLS networks. CE routers connect to customer networks while PE routers connect to provider networks.
• CE routers (Customer Edge) connect to customer networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with customer devices.

• PE routers (Provider Edge) connect to provider networks and are responsible for exchanging routes with other PE routers in the MPLS network.

• CE routers are...read more
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Q13. What is the command to assign an IP address on Juniper router interface?
Ans. 
The command to assign an IP address on a Juniper router interface is 'set interface <interface_name> unit <unit_number> family inet address <ip_address/mask>'
• Use the 'set' command to configure the interface

• Specify the interface name and unit number

• Use the 'family inet' statement to configure an IPv4 address

• Specify the IP address and subnet mask
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Q14. What are the parameters should match in BGP neighbourship?
Ans. 
Parameters for BGP neighbourship include AS number, IP address, subnet mask, and BGP version.
• AS number must match on both neighbors

• IP address must be reachable between neighbors

• Subnet mask should be the same on both neighbors

• BGP version should be compatible between neighbors
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Q15. What is tftp?
Ans. 
tftp stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simple protocol used for transferring files over a network.
• tftp is a lightweight protocol used for transferring files between devices on a network.

• It operates on UDP port 69.

• tftp does not require user authentication, making it less secure compared to FTP.

• It is commonly used for booting devices over a network, such as in diskless workstations or routers.

• An example of tft...read more
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Q1. What is loop avoidance mechanism in BGP?
Ans. 
Loop avoidance mechanism in BGP prevents routing loops by using loop prevention mechanisms like AS path attribute and route reflectors.
• BGP uses AS path attribute to prevent routing loops by not accepting routes with its own AS number in the path.

• Route reflectors are used in BGP to avoid loops in route propagation within a cluster of routers.

• BGP Confederations can also be used to prevent loops by dividing the AS into sm
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Q2. How tracerout works? What is source and destination IP?
Ans. 
Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool used to track the path packets take from source to destination IP.
• Traceroute sends packets with increasing TTL values to elicit ICMP Time Exceeded responses from routers along the path.

• The source IP is the IP address of the device initiating the traceroute, while the destination IP is the IP address of the target device.

• Traceroute displays the IP addresses of the routers in the p...read more
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Q3. What is public IP and private IP?
Ans. 
Public IP is the address assigned to a device that is directly accessible over the internet, while private IP is used within a private network.
• Public IP is unique and can be accessed from anywhere on the internet

• Private IP is used within a local network and is not directly accessible from the internet

• Public IP is assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP)

• Private IP addresses are typically in the ranges of 192.168.
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Q4. How can we configure and a router with support of non tech guy onsite?
Ans. 
To configure a router with support of a non tech guy onsite, provide step-by-step instructions and visual aids.
• Create a simple, easy-to-follow guide with step-by-step instructions.

• Use visual aids such as diagrams or videos to demonstrate the process.

• Provide clear explanations of each step and troubleshoot common issues.

• Offer remote support or a helpline for additional assistance if needed.
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Q5. What is firewall?
Ans. 
A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
• Acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external network

• Filters network traffic based on rules set by the administrator

• Can be hardware-based or software-based

• Examples include Cisco ASA, Palo Alto Networks, and Windows Firewall
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Q6. What are the difference between router and switch?
Ans. 
Routers connect multiple networks together while switches connect devices within a single network.
• Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, while switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2).

• Routers use IP addresses to forward data between networks, while switches use MAC addresses to forward data within a network.

• Routers can determine the best path for data to travel between networks, while...read more
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Q7. What is mpls?
Ans. 
MPLS stands for Multiprotocol Label Switching, a technique used in telecommunications networks to direct data packets along predefined paths.
• MPLS is used to improve network performance and efficiency by quickly routing data packets based on labels instead of IP addresses.

• It allows for traffic engineering, quality of service (QoS) prioritization, and virtual private network (VPN) services.

• MPLS operates at layer 2.5 of t...read more
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Q8. How ftp and tftp works?
Ans. 
FTP and TFTP are protocols used for transferring files over a network.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the internet.

• TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) is a simpler version of FTP that uses UDP instead of TCP for file transfer.

• FTP requires authentication (username and password) for access, while TFTP does not ...read more
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Q1. What improvements to interfaces were introduced in Java 8 that were missing in Java 7, specifically regarding static and default methods?
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Q2. Explain internal working of HashMap ? How to synchronize it ?
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Q3. Given a list of employees with their ratings, how can you sort the employees based on their ratings using the Java 8 Streaming API?
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Q4. Will the program compile if the parent class throws a runtime exception while the child class throws an arithmetic exception?
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Q5. In a Spring Boot application with two databases, how can you configure JDBC to specify which database to use?
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Q6. How to use a jetty server in your spring boot application ?
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Q7. Difference between @RequestParam and @PathVariable ?
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Q8. How would you handle a scenario where one microservice is awaiting a response from another microservice that is taking an extended time to respond?
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English, Quant & Reasoning- 3 section, each section 15 que, Total 45 minutes & 45 questions, cut off for each section

Q1. Java What is JVM,JRE,JDK? what is the difference between class and instance variable in java? what is string Pool? write a code in java(prefer a good standard question) Web development if you have inter...read more
Ans. 
To build a web application, I would use a combination of front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, along with back-end technologies like Node.js and MongoDB.
• Use HTML for structuring the content of the web pages

• Use CSS for styling the web pages and making them visually appealing

• Use JavaScript for adding interactivity to the web pages and handling user input

• Use Node.js for server-side scripting and handling ...read more
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Q2. If you have azure certification what is azure, what is Azure Blob Storage, What is ARM, what is horizontal Scaling?
Ans. 
Azure is a cloud computing platform by Microsoft. Azure Blob Storage is a service for storing large amounts of unstructured data. ARM stands for Azure Resource Manager, used for managing resources in Azure. Horizontal scaling is increasing the number of instances of a service to distribute load.
• Azure is a cloud computing platform by Microsoft

• Azure Blob Storage is a service for storing large amounts of unstructured data

• ...read more
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Q1. Why cse? explain a project (they might ask about a project in your resume)
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Q2. How you solved the problems that you have faced while working on projects?
Ans. 
I approach problems by breaking them down into smaller parts, analyzing root causes, seeking input from team members, and implementing solutions systematically.
• Identify the root cause of the problem

• Break down the problem into smaller parts

• Seek input from team members for different perspectives

• Implement solutions systematically

• Learn from the experience to prevent similar issues in the future
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Q1. Introduction Family Background Do you have any placement/internship offers in your hand? if so, why Ericsson At last, they will tell you about stipend, role
Ans. 
Yes, I have internship offers from Ericsson due to their reputation for innovation and cutting-edge technology.
• I have received internship offers from Ericsson because of their reputation for innovation and cutting-edge technology.

• I am excited about the opportunity to work with a global leader in telecommunications.

• I believe that interning at Ericsson will provide me with valuable experience and skills that will benefit
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The aptitude test lasts 30 minutes and focuses on topics relevant to data engineering, including Spark, SQL, Azure, and PySpark.

The coding test is a one-hour examination on PySpark.

Q1. What is the difference between Cache() and Persist()?
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Q2. What does the purpose of the Spark Submit command in Apache Spark?
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Q3. What are window functions in SQL?
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Q1. Could you provide more details about the daily responsibilities associated with this role?
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Q2. How would you describe your work culture?
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Q1. What are SAP tools to migrate SAP systems from on-premise to cloud?
Ans. 
SAP tools for migrating SAP systems from on-premise to cloud include SAP Advanced Data Migration, SAP Cloud Platform Migration Service, and SAP Transformation Navigator.
• SAP Advanced Data Migration: tool for migrating data from on-premise systems to cloud

• SAP Cloud Platform Migration Service: helps in migrating applications and workloads to the cloud

• SAP Transformation Navigator: tool for planning and executing system mig
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Q2. When you use export/import method form migration, what files will be created during export?
Ans. 
During export using export/import method for migration, files like data files, control files, and log files will be created.
• Data files containing the actual data being exported

• Control files containing information about the export process

• Log files recording the activities and errors during the export

• Examples: .dmp, .ctl, .log files
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Q3. How does parallel export/import work ?
Ans. 
Parallel export/import allows multiple processes to export/import data simultaneously for faster migration/conversion.
• Parallel export/import splits the data into multiple parts and processes them concurrently.

• It helps in reducing the overall time taken for data migration/conversion.

• Parallel export/import requires careful planning to avoid conflicts and ensure data consistency.

• Examples include using SAP tools like R3loa...read more
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Q4. If you are using DMO to migrate a SAP system with sql DB on windows to HANA DB on linux, how the SUM will run? As there is a different SUM for windows and linux, will it use 2 different SUM in this case?
Ans. 
SUM will use a single SUM tool for the migration from SQL DB on Windows to HANA DB on Linux.
• SUM tool is platform-independent and can be used for migrations between different operating systems.

• The SUM tool will handle the conversion process seamlessly without the need for separate tools for Windows and Linux.

• The migration process will involve steps to convert the database from SQL to HANA while also transitioning the op
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Q5. Can EHP 5 run on oracle 19C ?
Ans. 
No, EHP 5 cannot run on Oracle 19C.
• EHP 5 is not certified to run on Oracle 19C.

• Compatibility issues may arise if trying to run EHP 5 on Oracle 19C.

• It is recommended to check SAP's official compatibility matrix for supported configurations.
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Q6. What are technical differences in SPDD and SPAU?
Ans. 
SPDD is for modifying dictionary objects, SPAU is for modifying repository objects.
• SPDD is used for modifying dictionary objects like tables, views, and data elements.

• SPAU is used for modifying repository objects like programs, function modules, and screens.

• SPDD changes are transportable across systems, SPAU changes are not transportable.

• SPDD changes are typically related to data dictionary objects, SPAU changes are re...read more
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Q7. Can we skip SPDD in preprocessing? If yes, what will happen? If no, what stops us from skipping it?
Ans. 
Skipping SPDD in preprocessing is not recommended as it can lead to inconsistencies in the system.
• No, SPDD should not be skipped in preprocessing as it is a crucial step in handling modifications to the ABAP Dictionary objects during an upgrade or migration.

• Skipping SPDD can result in inconsistencies between the data dictionary and the ABAP programs, leading to runtime errors and system issues.

• SPDD is responsible for a...read more
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Q8. Why is SPDD need to be performed before execution phase and SPAU after execution?
Ans. 
SPDD is performed before execution phase to adjust dictionary objects, while SPAU is performed after execution to adjust repository objects.
• SPDD is performed before execution phase to adjust dictionary objects to the new release of SAP system.

• SPAU is performed after execution to adjust repository objects like programs, function modules, screens, etc.

• SPDD helps in adjusting the data dictionary objects to the new release...read more
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Q9. Can we perform SPAU before execution?
Ans. 
Yes, SPAU can be performed before execution.
• SPAU can be performed to adjust modifications before executing a system upgrade or migration.

• It allows for resolving any inconsistencies in custom objects before the actual upgrade.

• Performing SPAU beforehand can help streamline the upgrade process and reduce downtime.

• It is recommended to review and adjust modifications using SPAU prior to the upgrade to ensure a smooth transi
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Q10. Which process of SWPM will be used for export/import?
Ans. 
The export/import process in SWPM is performed using the R3load tool.
• R3load tool is used for exporting and importing data during system migrations/conversions.

• Export/import process involves extracting data from source system and loading it into target system.

• R3load tool is part of Software Provisioning Manager (SWPM) toolset.

• Export/import process is crucial for transferring SAP system data between systems.
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Q11. What processes will be used for shipping the files in case of parallel export/import?
Ans. 
Files can be shipped in parallel export/import using tools like Rsync, SCP, FTP, or cloud storage services.
• Use tools like Rsync for efficient file transfer

• SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) can be used for secure file transfer

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is another option for transferring files

• Utilize cloud storage services like AWS S3 or Google Cloud Storage for large file transfers
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Q12. Can we restore backup of HANA 1.0 on HANA 2.0 ?
Ans. 
No, backup of HANA 1.0 cannot be restored on HANA 2.0 due to compatibility issues.
• Backup of HANA 1.0 is not compatible with HANA 2.0 due to differences in architecture and features.

• Data structures and formats may have changed between the two versions, leading to potential data corruption if restored.

• It is recommended to perform a system copy or migration instead of trying to restore a backup from HANA 1.0 to HANA 2.0.
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Q13. Why do we need shadow instance?
Ans. 
Shadow instances are used for testing and validation purposes before making changes to the production system.
• Shadow instances allow for testing system changes without impacting the production environment.

• They are used to validate migration or conversion processes before applying them to the live system.

• Helps in identifying any potential issues or errors that may arise during the actual migration/conversion.

• Provides a s...read more
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Q14. How is shadow instance created and where is it created? How much extra space it will require and what tables will it be stored in?
Ans. 
Shadow instance is created for system copy or migration, requires extra space, stored in database tables.
• Shadow instance is created using software tools like SAP SWPM (Software Provisioning Manager) during system copy or migration.

• It is created on the same server as the original instance, but with a different SID (System ID).

• Extra space required for shadow instance depends on the size of the original instance and the d...read more
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Q15. In case of oracle, it creates an additional tablespace during upgrade. How does it work in SAP HANA and Sybase?
Ans. 
SAP HANA and Sybase do not create additional tablespaces during upgrade like Oracle.
• SAP HANA and Sybase do not follow the same approach as Oracle in creating additional tablespaces during upgrade.

• In SAP HANA, data is stored in memory and does not require separate tablespaces like Oracle.

• Sybase also does not create additional tablespaces during upgrade, as it follows a different database structure.

• Both SAP HANA and Syba...read more
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Q16. Is it possible to upgrade without creating Shadow instance?
Ans. 
Yes, it is possible to upgrade without creating a Shadow instance.
• Upgrade can be performed directly on the existing instance without the need for a Shadow instance.

• This approach may save time and resources by avoiding the creation of a separate instance for the upgrade process.

• However, it is important to carefully plan and execute the upgrade to minimize risks and ensure a successful outcome.
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Q17. What is HANA Topology?
Ans. 
HANA Topology refers to the layout and configuration of SAP HANA systems and components.
• HANA Topology includes the distribution of HANA instances across multiple hosts.

• It also involves the configuration of high availability and disaster recovery setups.

• Different HANA Topologies include single host, multi-host, scale-out, and distributed systems.

• Topology decisions impact performance, scalability, and availability of the
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Q18. How to setup SSO for SAP and HANA ?
Ans. 
Setting up SSO for SAP and HANA involves configuring trust between systems and enabling authentication mechanisms.
• Configure trust between SAP and HANA systems

• Enable SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) for authentication

• Implement Single Sign-On (SSO) using SAML tokens

• Use SAP Cloud Identity or other identity providers for SSO setup
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Q19. As I do not have experience in OS/DB migration, any conceptual knowledge of heterogeneous migration ?
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Q20. Conceptual knowledge of SAP S/4HANA conversion?
Ans. 
SAP S/4HANA conversion involves migrating from SAP ERP to the next-generation S/4HANA platform.
• Understanding the differences between SAP ERP and S/4HANA

• Assessing system landscape and data readiness for conversion

• Executing the migration process with minimal downtime

• Validating and testing the converted system for functionality and performance

• Training end-users on the new S/4HANA system
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Q21. Basics of SAP BTP.
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Q1. Behavioral assessment
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Logical, react, SQL related questions

Q1. Interviewed by Business Head. Mostly behavioral questions and some past experience related
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Q1. Interview by VP. Frontend general technical questions
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Q1. Interviewed by Director. Competency based Leadership interview
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Q1. Yet to recieve the final status whether selected or rejected. HR asked payslip and other docs and shared the same.
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Q2. HRs are very friendly and quickly respond to your queries.
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Behaviour and believe to inform decisions

Details account information and development of the person

Slove tha coding problem

Further details and self information sharing and openly speaking skills test

Q1. Interview questions
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Q2. Self information
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Q3. Behaviour to the person and turned
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Q4. Qualification and believe
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Q5. Safety skills and pasting maind set
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