GE Devops Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with some basic questions from DevOps followed by some more questions from Docker and Linux.

Q1. What is Continuous Testing (CT)?
Ans. 
Continuous Testing (CT) is the process of executing automated tests as part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate.
• CT helps in identifying defects early in the development cycle.

• It ensures that the software is always in a releasable state.

• CT integrates testing into the CI/CD pipeline for faster feedback loops.

• Examples include run...read more
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Q2. How does AWS contribute to DevOps?
Ans. 
AWS provides a wide range of services and tools that support the principles and practices of DevOps.
• AWS offers infrastructure as code tools like CloudFormation and Terraform for automating the provisioning of resources.

• AWS provides a variety of monitoring and logging services such as CloudWatch and CloudTrail to help with continuous monitoring and feedback loops.

• AWS supports continuous integration and continuous deploy...read more
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Q3. What is a Docker image registry?
Ans. 
A Docker image registry is a repository for storing and managing Docker images.
• It allows users to push and pull Docker images to and from the registry.

• Popular Docker image registries include Docker Hub, Amazon ECR, and Google Container Registry.

• Registries can be public or private, with private registries requiring authentication for access.
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Q4. How many components are there in Docker?
Ans. 
Docker has 3 main components: Docker Engine, Docker Images, and Docker Containers.
• Docker Engine is the core component responsible for running and managing Docker containers.

• Docker Images are read-only templates used to create Docker containers.

• Docker Containers are lightweight, standalone, and executable packages that include everything needed to run a piece of software.
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Q5. Can you describe the lifecycle of a Docker container?
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The lifecycle of a Docker container involves creation, running, pausing, restarting, and stopping.
• 1. Creation: A Docker container is created from a Docker image using the 'docker run' command.

• 2. Running: The container is started and runs the specified application or service.

• 3. Pausing: The container can be paused using the 'docker pause' command, which temporarily stops its processes.

• 4. Restarting: The container can be...read more
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Q6. What is LVM and why is it required?
Ans. 
LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager, used to manage disk space efficiently by allowing for dynamic resizing of volumes.
• LVM allows for easy resizing of volumes without the need to unmount the filesystem

• It provides features like snapshots, striping, mirroring, and thin provisioning

• LVM can span multiple physical disks to create a single logical volume
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Q7. What is load average in Linux?
Ans. 
Load average in Linux is a measure of system activity, indicating the average number of processes waiting for CPU time over a period of time.
• Load average is displayed as three numbers representing the average load over the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.

• A load average of 1.0 means the system is at full capacity, while a load average of 0.5 means the system is half as busy.

• High load averages may indicate that the system is o...read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round started with me first giving a brief intro about my experience in the DevOps sector and then the interviewer switched to asking me questions about Git , Docker and Kubernetes.

Q1. What is the command used to delete a branch in Git?
Ans. 
The command used to delete a branch in Git is 'git branch -d <branch_name>'.
• Use 'git branch -d <branch_name>' to delete a branch in Git.

• Make sure to switch to a different branch before deleting the branch.

• If the branch has not been merged, use 'git branch -D <branch_name>' to force delete.
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Q2. What do you know about git reflog?
Ans. 
Git reflog is a reference log that records changes to the HEAD of the repository.
• Records all changes to the HEAD reference

• Useful for recovering lost commits or branches

• Can be accessed using 'git reflog' command
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Q3. What is the difference between git revert and git reset?
Ans. 
git revert undoes a specific commit by creating a new commit, while git reset moves the HEAD to a previous commit without creating a new commit.
• git revert creates a new commit that undoes a specific commit, keeping the commit history intact

• git reset moves the HEAD to a previous commit, potentially discarding changes made after that commit

• git revert is safer for shared branches as it does not rewrite history, while git ...read more
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Q4. Can you explain the difference between CMD and ENTRYPOINT in Docker?
Ans. 
CMD specifies the default command to run in the container, while ENTRYPOINT specifies the executable to run when the container starts.
• CMD is often used to provide default arguments for the ENTRYPOINT command

• ENTRYPOINT is used to specify the executable that will run when the container starts

• CMD can be overridden at runtime by passing arguments to docker run command

• ENTRYPOINT cannot be overridden at runtime, but can be c
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Q5. How can you monitor a Kubernetes cluster?
Ans. 
Monitoring a Kubernetes cluster involves using tools like Prometheus, Grafana, and Kubernetes Dashboard.
• Use Prometheus for collecting metrics from Kubernetes components and applications running on the cluster.

• Set up Grafana for visualizing the collected metrics and creating dashboards for monitoring.

• Utilize Kubernetes Dashboard for a graphical interface to view and manage the cluster resources.

• Implement alerts and noti...read more
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Q6. What is Kubernetes Load Balancing?
Ans. 
Kubernetes Load Balancing is a method to distribute incoming network traffic across multiple pods in a Kubernetes cluster.
• Kubernetes Load Balancer service type automatically creates a cloud provider load balancer.

• It helps in scaling applications by distributing traffic evenly across multiple pods.

• Load balancing ensures high availability and reliability of applications running in a Kubernetes cluster.
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Q7. Can you explain the architecture of Jenkins?
Ans. 
Jenkins is an open-source automation server that helps to automate the non-human part of the software development process.
• Jenkins is a Java-based application that runs in a servlet container like Apache Tomcat.

• It can be installed on a single server or distributed across multiple servers for scalability.

• Jenkins uses plugins to extend its functionality, allowing integration with various tools and technologies.

• It follows ...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a typical HR round with some standard Behavioral questions.

Q1. Can you tell me something about yourself?
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Q2. Why should we hire you?
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Q1. What is the procedure for .net pipeline build process?
Ans. 
The .NET pipeline build process involves several steps including source code management, building, testing, and deployment.
• Source code is managed using a version control system like Git.

• The build process involves compiling the code and creating an executable or library.

• Unit tests are run to ensure the code is functioning correctly.

• The application is deployed to a testing or staging environment for further testing.

• Once ...read more
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Q2. How do you install nuget? What is the use of nuget restore?
Ans. 
NuGet is a package manager for .NET that simplifies the process of finding, installing, and using third-party libraries.
• NuGet can be installed using Visual Studio or the NuGet command-line interface (CLI).

• NuGet restore is used to restore the packages listed in a project's packages.config file.

• NuGet packages can be used to add functionality to a project, such as libraries, tools, and frameworks.

• NuGet also allows for the...read more
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Q3. In pipelines, what is the approval request procedure?
Ans. 
Approval request procedure in pipelines involves manual or automated approval process before deployment.
• Approval request is triggered when a pipeline reaches a certain stage or before deployment.

• The request can be manual or automated depending on the pipeline configuration.

• Manual approval requires a designated person to review and approve the request.

• Automated approval can be based on predefined rules or conditions.

• App...read more
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Q4. If pipeline breaks in production environment, how do you handle it?
Ans. 
I would follow the incident management process to identify the root cause and resolve the issue as quickly as possible.
• Notify the relevant stakeholders and initiate the incident management process

• Identify the root cause of the issue and take corrective actions

• Rollback to the previous stable version if necessary

• Communicate the status and progress of the incident to stakeholders

• Conduct a post-incident review to identify
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Q5. Git - One of your colleague updated code in remote app and want to test the code. He doesnt want to bring it to local and overwrite it in local. How do you suggest he does that
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Q6. Did you write a Docker file from scratch? What is the syntax for Docker file?
Ans. 
Yes, I have written Docker files from scratch. The syntax for Docker file includes instructions and arguments.
• Docker file is a script that contains instructions to build a Docker image

• The syntax includes instructions like FROM, RUN, COPY, CMD, etc.

• Arguments are used to specify details like the base image, working directory, etc.

• Example: FROM ubuntu:latest RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3

• Example: COPY .
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Q7. What are the Docker commands used inside a Docker file?
Ans. 
Docker commands used inside a Dockerfile
• FROM - specifies the base image

• RUN - executes a command in the container

• COPY - copies files from host to container

• WORKDIR - sets the working directory for subsequent commands

• CMD - specifies the command to run when the container starts
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Q8. How do you run a Docker file?
Ans. 
To run a Docker file, use the 'docker build' command followed by the path to the Dockerfile.
• Navigate to the directory containing the Dockerfile

• Run the command 'docker build -t .'

• The '.' at the end of the command specifies the build context

• Once the build is complete, run the container using 'docker run '
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Q9. What is the use of Azure Keyvaults?
Ans. 
Azure Keyvaults are used to securely store and manage cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates.
• Keyvaults provide a centralized location for managing secrets and keys used in applications.

• They allow for secure storage and retrieval of sensitive information such as passwords, API keys, and certificates.

• Keyvaults can be accessed programmatically through APIs or through the Azure portal.

• They can also be integrated wit...read more
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Q10. How do you give permission to a particular secret to a user or application?
Ans. 
To give permission to a secret, grant access to the user or application in the secret management tool.
• Access control can be managed through the secret management tool.

• Users or applications can be granted read or write access to a specific secret.

• Access can be granted based on roles or individual permissions.

• Examples of secret management tools include HashiCorp Vault and AWS Secrets Manager.
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Q11. What is your strategy for Kubernetes cluster?
Ans. 
My strategy for Kubernetes cluster is to ensure high availability, scalability, and efficient resource utilization.
• Implementing auto-scaling to handle sudden spikes in traffic

• Using Kubernetes' built-in features like horizontal pod autoscaling and cluster autoscaling

• Ensuring proper resource allocation and utilization through resource quotas and limits

• Implementing rolling updates to minimize downtime

• Using Kubernetes' bui...read more
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Q12. How do you autoscale in kubernetes?
Ans. 
Autoscaling in Kubernetes can be achieved through Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) and Cluster Autoscaler.
• Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) scales the number of pods based on CPU utilization or custom metrics.

• Cluster Autoscaler scales the number of nodes in the cluster based on resource utilization.

• HPA can be configured using kubectl autoscale command or through YAML file.

• Cluster Autoscaler can be installed as a Kubernete...read more
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