Cognizant Salesforce Business Analyst Interview Questions and Answers

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Q1. Basic details and salary composition
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Q2. Bonus and variable amount details
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Q1. How to invoke flows - using other flows and Apex. How do we invoke an apex class from a flow and pass variables?
Ans. 
Flows can be invoked using other flows and Apex. Apex classes can be invoked from a flow by using invocable methods and passing variables as input parameters.
• To invoke a flow from another flow, use the 'Launch Flow' element in the Flow Designer.

• To invoke an Apex class from a flow, create an invocable method in the Apex class and annotate it with @InvocableMethod.

• Pass variables from a flow to an Apex class by defining i...read more
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Q2. Why can't we create a master detail on contact as the child object
Ans. 
Master-detail relationship on Contact as child object is not allowed due to data integrity concerns.
• Contact is a standard object and cannot be a child object in a master-detail relationship

• Master-detail relationships require the child object to have a lookup to the parent object

• Contacts are often used as the primary object in many relationships, making it unsuitable as a child object
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Q3. What is child to parent communication in LWC?
Ans. 
Child to parent communication in LWC allows a child component to communicate with its parent component.
• Child components can dispatch custom events to communicate with parent components.

• Parent components can listen for these custom events and handle them accordingly.

• This communication pattern helps in passing data and triggering actions between components.
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Q1. Write triggers for updating user email from contact emails.
Ans. 
Write triggers to update user email from contact emails
• Create a trigger on the User object

• Query for related Contact records

• Update User email field with Contact email
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Q2. How does LWC ensure data refresh
Ans. 
LWC ensures data refresh by using Lightning Data Service and @wire decorator.
• LWC uses Lightning Data Service to ensure data refresh without needing to write Apex code.

• The @wire decorator in LWC allows for declarative data binding and automatic refresh when data changes.

• LWC components can also manually refresh data using imperative Apex calls or by calling the refreshApex() method.
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Q1. Trigger to display all contacts on an account
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Q2. Diff bw 15 to 18 digits id
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Q1. Life Cycle hook in LWC
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Life Cycle hooks in LWC are methods that allow you to interact with the component at specific stages of its lifecycle.
• There are four main life cycle hooks in LWC: connectedCallback, disconnectedCallback, renderedCallback, and errorCallback.

• connectedCallback is called when a component is inserted into the DOM.

• disconnectedCallback is called when a component is removed from the DOM.

• renderedCallback is called after the com...read more
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Q2. In how many ways we can Communicate between component
Ans. 
There are multiple ways to communicate between components in Salesforce, including using events, public properties, and Apex methods.
• Using events to communicate between components

• Passing data through public properties

• Invoking Apex methods to share data
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Q3. Outbound integration
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Q4. After having Read, Write permission on the object what will be the reason that user can't see all record.
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Q1. Can we call future method from batch class
Ans. 
Yes, future methods can be called from a batch class in Salesforce.
• Future methods can be called from batch classes to perform asynchronous processing.

• This can be useful for offloading long-running tasks to future methods to avoid hitting governor limits.

• Example: Calling a future method from a batch class to update records in Salesforce asynchronously.
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Q2. What's the use of @track decorator. Is it mandatory to explicitly use it? If yes, for which use case?
Ans. 
The @track decorator in Salesforce is used to track changes to a property in a Lightning web component.
• Used to make a property reactive and trigger re-renders when its value changes

• Not mandatory but recommended for properties that need to be reactive

• Use @track when you want changes to a property to be reflected in the UI
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Q3. When does APEX CPU Limit Exceeded error happens. What's the best practice to avoid getting this error?
Ans. 
APEX CPU Limit Exceeded error happens when code consumes too much CPU time. Best practices include optimizing code, reducing loops, and using asynchronous processing.
• Avoid using nested loops and optimize code for better performance

• Use asynchronous processing like @future or Queueable to offload CPU intensive tasks

• Limit the use of SOQL queries inside loops to reduce CPU consumption
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Q4. When does Mixed DML Exception occurs?
Ans. 
Mixed DML Exception occurs when DML operations are performed on setup and non-setup objects in a single transaction.
• Occurs when DML operations are performed on both setup and non-setup objects in a single transaction

• Setup objects include User, Profile, PermissionSet, etc.

• Non-setup objects include custom objects, standard objects like Account, Contact, etc.
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Q5. Debug the following code: var a=10; function abc() { console.log(a); var a=2; } abc();
Ans. 
The code will output 'undefined' because variable 'a' is hoisted within the function.
• Variable 'a' is hoisted to the top of the function scope, so when 'console.log(a)' is called, 'a' is undefined.

• To fix this, move the declaration of 'var a=2;' above the 'console.log(a);' statement.
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Q6. Write a SOQL query to fetch the values of description field from the Account. Why does "the description field cannot be filtered in the query call"?
Ans. 
SOQL query to fetch description field from Account and reason for inability to filter
• SOQL query: SELECT Description FROM Account

• Description field is not filterable because it is a long text field

• Long text fields cannot be filtered in SOQL queries
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Q1. Explain Lifecycle hook of LWC
Ans. 
Lifecycle hooks in LWC are methods that allow developers to interact with the component lifecycle at specific points.
• Lifecycle hooks include connectedCallback, disconnectedCallback, renderedCallback, errorCallback, and others.

• connectedCallback is called when a component is inserted into the DOM.

• disconnectedCallback is called when a component is removed from the DOM.

• renderedCallback is called after the component's templ...read more
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Q2. Explain Security Model
Ans. 
Security model refers to the framework that controls access to data within a system.
• Defines who can access what data

• Includes roles, profiles, and permissions

• Ensures data integrity and confidentiality

• Can be customized to meet specific security requirements
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Q3. How to acheive child to parent communication
Ans. 
Child to parent communication can be achieved in Salesforce using lookup relationships or formula fields.
• Create a lookup relationship field on the child object that references the parent object

• Use formula fields to display parent information on the child record

• Utilize cross-object formulas to display parent fields on related lists or reports
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Q1. NA explained below
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Q2. NA explained below1
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Q1. Project related questions
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Q2. Flows, lwc, sharing, cdc, exp cloud
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Q1. LWC, parent child communication
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Q2. Asynchronous apex
Ans. 
Asynchronous apex refers to code that runs in the background without user interaction.
• Asynchronous apex is used for long-running processes that do not need to be completed immediately.

• It allows for better performance by not blocking the user interface.

• Examples include batch apex, future methods, and queueable apex.
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Q3. Apex integration
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