Cognizant Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Round duration - 40+140 mins
Round difficulty - null
Conceptual/ Code Analysis and Case study. Questions related to DSA, DBMS, trees, database, programming construct, SQL, Web and UI.

Q1. Question on binary tree
Ans. 
A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left and right child.
• Binary trees are used in many algorithms such as binary search, Huffman coding, and decision trees.

• Traversal of a binary tree can be done in three ways: inorder, preorder, and postorder.

• Examples of binary trees include expression trees, AVL trees, and binary heaps.
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Round duration - 20 Mins
Round difficulty - null
The technical face-to-face interview round is the most crucial in the entire interview process. I was well-versed in computer science fundamentals such as OOPS, DBMS, CN, OS and was able to communicate them clearly to the interviewer

Q1. List out the differences between Generalization and Specialization in DBMS
Ans. 
Generalization and Specialization are two important concepts in DBMS.
• Generalization is the process of combining two or more entities into a higher-level entity.

• Specialization is the process of dividing a higher-level entity into two or more lower-level entities.

• Generalization is a top-down approach while specialization is a bottom-up approach.

• Generalization is used to represent a group of entities that share common att...read more
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Q2. What exactly is index hunting, and how does it aid query performance?
Ans. 
Index hunting is the process of finding the best index for a query to improve its performance.
• Index hunting involves analyzing the query and the database schema to determine the most efficient index to use.

• It can involve creating new indexes or modifying existing ones.

• For example, if a query frequently searches for a specific column, creating an index on that column can significantly improve performance.

• Index hunting i...read more
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Q3. What is the fill factor in SQL? What is its default value?
Ans. 
Fill factor is the percentage of space on each leaf-level page to be filled with data.
• It determines how much data is written to a page during index creation or rebuild.

• It can improve performance by reducing page splits and fragmentation.

• The default value is 0, which means the page is filled to 100%.

• A fill factor of 80 means the page is filled to 80% and 20% is left empty for future growth.
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Q4. How does Dynamic Loading help in better memory space utilization?
Ans. 
Dynamic Loading allows loading of modules only when required, freeing up memory space.
• Dynamic Loading loads modules only when required, freeing up memory space.

• It allows for better memory utilization by loading only necessary modules.

• For example, in a web application, images can be loaded dynamically as the user scrolls down the page.

• This reduces the initial load time and improves the overall performance of the applica
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Q5. How will you print the address of a variable without using a pointer?
Ans. 
Printing the address of a variable without using a pointer can be done by using the & operator.
• Use the & operator before the variable name to print its address

• Example: int num = 10; printf("%p", &num);

• This will print the address of the variable num
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Round duration - 10 minutes
Round difficulty - null
They asked for documents and asked basic HR questions

Q1. Introduce yourself
Ans. 
I am a highly motivated individual with a passion for learning and problem-solving.
• I have a degree in computer science and have worked as a software developer for 2 years.

• I am proficient in programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++.

• I have experience working in agile development environments and collaborating with cross-functional teams.

• I am a quick learner and enjoy taking on new challenges.

• In my free time, I
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Q2. Why cognizant?
Ans. 
Cognizant is a leading global IT services company with a strong focus on innovation and client satisfaction.
• Cognizant has a diverse range of clients across industries and geographies

• The company has a strong reputation for delivering high-quality services and solutions

• Cognizant invests heavily in research and development to stay ahead of industry trends

• The company has a culture of continuous learning and development for...read more
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Q3. Are you interested in an internship or learning program?
Ans. 
Yes, I am interested in an internship or learning program.
• I am eager to gain practical experience in my field of study.

• I am open to learning new skills and expanding my knowledge.

• I am excited to work with professionals in the industry and learn from their expertise.
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Q4. Do you have any questions?
Ans. 
Yes, I have a few questions regarding the company culture and growth opportunities.
• Can you tell me more about the company's values and how they are reflected in the workplace?

• What kind of professional development opportunities are available for employees?

• How does the company encourage work-life balance?

• Can you give me an example of a recent project the team has worked on?

• What is the company's approach to diversity and
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Q1. Be prepared for coding questions and sql
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Round duration - 40+140 minutes
Round difficulty - null
Conceptual/ Code Analysis and Case study.

Q1. DSA question
Ans. 
Answer a DSA question
• Understand the problem statement

• Identify the data structures and algorithms required

• Write the code and test thoroughly
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The technical face-to-face interview round is the most crucial in the entire interview process. I was
well-versed in computer science fundamentals such as OOPS, DBMS, CN, OS
and was able to communicate them clearly to the interviewer.

Q1. What is the difference between classful and classless addressing?
Ans. 
Classful addressing uses fixed network sizes, while classless addressing allows for variable network sizes.
• Classful addressing divides IP addresses into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.

• Classful addressing assumes that all networks within a class have the same network size.

• Classless addressing allows for more flexibility in network size and allows for the creation of subnets.

• Classless addressing is used in modern networ...read more
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Q2. What is IPv4 and IPv6?
Ans. 
IPv4 and IPv6 are internet protocol versions used to identify devices on a network.
• IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and can support up to 4.3 billion unique addresses.

• IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and can support an almost infinite number of unique addresses.

• IPv6 also includes features such as better security and improved routing.

• Both protocols are currently in use, but IPv6 is becoming more widely adopted as IPv4 addresses be
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Q3. What is Denormalization and what is its application?
Ans. 
Denormalization is the process of adding redundant data to improve query performance.
• It involves duplicating data in multiple tables to avoid joins and improve query speed.

• It can be useful in read-heavy applications where query performance is critical.

• Examples include adding a total sales column to a customer table instead of calculating it through joins.

• It can also involve flattening nested data structures to improve ...read more
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Q4. What is paging ?
Ans. 
Paging is a memory management technique used by operating systems to manage memory usage.
• It involves dividing memory into fixed-size pages.

• Pages are loaded into physical memory as needed.

• Allows for more efficient use of memory and prevents fragmentation.

• Examples include demand paging and page replacement algorithms.
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Q5. What is segmentation?
Ans. 
Segmentation is the process of dividing a larger market into smaller groups of consumers with similar needs or characteristics.
• Segmentation helps companies to better understand their target audience and create more effective marketing strategies.

• There are different types of segmentation such as demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral.

• For example, a company may use demographic segmentation to target a spe...read more
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Q6. What is thrashing?
Ans. 
Thrashing is a phenomenon in computer systems where excessive paging or swapping occurs, resulting in decreased performance.
• Occurs when the system spends more time swapping pages than executing instructions

• Caused by insufficient memory or poorly optimized programs

• Can be identified by high disk activity and low CPU utilization

• Example: A computer running multiple memory-intensive applications simultaneously
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Q7. Why should we hire you?
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Q8. Are you interested in an internship or learning program?
Ans. 
Yes, I am interested in an internship or learning program.
• I am eager to gain practical experience in my field of study.

• I am open to learning new skills and expanding my knowledge.

• I am excited to work with professionals in the industry and learn from their expertise.
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There are 3parts general aptitude,verbal and reasoning questions.

Q1. Questions related to c language
Ans. Be confident wheather it is right or worng
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Q1. Are you able to reallocate?
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Q1. Hr round focuses on basic things like willing to relocate, pancard verification, aadhar verification. Then, you can ask any questions regarding company.
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Q2. Tell me about yourself
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