Capita Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

In this round, the interviewer asked me 2 coding questions , the first one was related to Simple Hashing and the second one was to implement Kadane's Algorithm. I coded both the solutions in the given time and at the end was also asked some questions revolving around OOPS and C#.

Q1. 
Find All Pairs Adding Up to Target
Given an array of integers ARR of length N and an integer Target, your task is to return all pairs of elements such that they add up to the Target.
Input:
The first line ...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find all pairs of elements in an array that add up to a given target.
• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the target minus the element exists in a hash set.

• If it exists, add the pair to the result. If not, add the element to the hash set.

• Handle cases where the same element is used twice in a pair or no pair is found.

• Time complexity can be optimized to O(N) using a hash set to store el...read more
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Q2. 
Maximum Subarray Sum Task
Given an array or list ARR consisting of N integers, your objective is to compute the maximum possible sum obtainable from a non-empty subarray (a contiguous sequence) within thi...read more
Ans. 
Find the maximum sum of a subarray within an array of integers.
• Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum sum of subarrays encountered so far.

• At each index, decide whether to include the current element in the subarray or start a new subarray.

• Update the maximum sum if a new maximum is found.

• Example: For input [-2, 1, -3, 4, -1], the maximum subarray sum is 4.
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Q3. What do you mean by data encapsulation?
Ans. 
Data encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.
• Data encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing direct access from outside the class.

• Encapsulation also helps in achieving data abstraction, where only relevant information is exposed to the outside world.

• Examp...read more
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Q4. What are the different ways in which a method can be overloaded in C#?
Ans. 
Method overloading in C# allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
• Method overloading can be achieved by changing the number of parameters in a method.

• Method overloading can be achieved by changing the data type of parameters in a method.

• Method overloading can be achieved by changing the order of parameters in a method.
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round was preety much mixed and had questions from LINQ , .NET framework, DBMS, OOPS and Design Patterns.

Q1. What is LINQ, and what are the advantages of using LINQ in a Dataset?
Ans. 
LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is a feature in C# that provides a consistent way to query data sources.
• LINQ allows for querying data from different sources like databases, collections, XML, etc.

• Advantages of using LINQ in a Dataset include improved readability, type safety, and easier data manipulation.

• LINQ queries are executed at compile time, providing better performance compared to traditional methods.

• Example: var...read more
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Q2. What are the differences between LINQ and Stored Procedures?
Ans. 
LINQ is a query language in C# for querying data from different data sources, while Stored Procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in a database.
• LINQ is used to query data from different data sources like collections, databases, XML, etc.

• Stored Procedures are precompiled SQL queries stored in a database for reuse.

• LINQ queries are written in C# code, while Stored Procedures are written in SQL.

• LINQ provides type sa...read more
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Q3. What is an Expression Tree in LINQ?
Ans. 
An Expression Tree in LINQ represents code as data structure, allowing queries to be manipulated and executed dynamically.
• Expression Trees are used to represent lambda expressions in a tree-like data structure.

• They allow LINQ queries to be translated into a format that can be analyzed and executed at runtime.

• Expression Trees can be inspected and modified programmatically, enabling dynamic query generation.

• Example: var ...read more
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Q4. What is the difference between a trigger and a procedure in a Database Management System (DBMS)?
Ans. 
Triggers are automatically executed in response to certain events, while procedures are manually executed by users.
• Triggers are automatically invoked in response to data manipulation events, such as INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

• Procedures are stored sets of SQL statements that can be executed manually by users.

• Triggers are defined to execute in response to a specific event on a specific table.

• Procedures can be called explici...read more
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Q5. What are abstraction and data encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
Ans. 
Abstraction is hiding complex implementation details, while data encapsulation is bundling data and methods together in a class.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on the essential features of an object while hiding unnecessary details.

• Data encapsulation restricts access to some of an object's components, protecting the integrity of the data.

• Abstraction and data encapsulation help in achieving modularity and reusability in ...read more
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Q6. What are the types of design patterns in Java?
Ans. 
Types of design patterns in Java include creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.
• Creational patterns focus on object creation mechanisms, such as Singleton, Factory, and Builder patterns.

• Structural patterns deal with object composition, such as Adapter, Decorator, and Proxy patterns.

• Behavioral patterns focus on communication between objects, such as Observer, Strategy, and Template patterns.
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This is a cultural fitment testing round. HR was very frank and asked standard questions. Then we discussed about my
role.

Q1. What is something about you that is not included in your resume?
Ans. 
I have a passion for open-source projects, contributing to various communities and enhancing my coding skills beyond my job.
• I contributed to an open-source project that helps developers manage their time effectively, which improved my project management skills.

• I regularly participate in hackathons, where I collaborate with diverse teams to solve real-world problems, enhancing my teamwork abilities.

• I mentor junior devel...read more
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Q1. What is Mvc life cycle? explian
Ans. 
MVC life cycle is a series of steps that occur when a request is made to an MVC application.
• Request is received by the routing engine

• Routing engine determines the controller and action to handle the request

• Controller is instantiated and action method is called

• Action method returns a view

• View is rendered and returned as a response
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