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Efficiently finding the median from a stream of integers requires maintaining a balanced data structure for dynamic data.
Use Two Heaps: Maintain a max-heap for the lower half and a min-heap for the upper half of the numbers to efficiently find the median.
Insertion: When a new number is added, decide which heap to insert it into based on its value relative to the current medians.
Balancing Heaps: After each insertio...
A copy constructor creates a new object as a copy of an existing object, ensuring proper resource management.
A copy constructor is a special constructor in C++ that initializes an object using another object of the same class.
Syntax: ClassName(const ClassName &obj) { /* copy data */ }
Used for deep copying when an object contains pointers to dynamically allocated memory.
Example: If class A has a pointer, the co...
Sort an array of strings based on a user-defined order.
Define the custom order as a string, e.g., 'cba'.
Create a mapping of characters to their indices for quick lookup.
Use a sorting function that utilizes the mapping to sort the array.
Example: For array ['a', 'b', 'c'] and order 'cba', the result should be ['c', 'b', 'a'].
Allocating memory for a vector involves reserving space for its elements to optimize performance and avoid reallocations.
Use `std::vector<Type> vec;` to declare a vector.
To allocate memory, use `vec.reserve(size);` to set capacity without changing size.
Example: `vec.reserve(10);` reserves space for 10 elements.
To initialize with a specific size, use `std::vector<Type> vec(size);`.
Example: `std::vector&...
Merge overlapping intervals in a list to create a consolidated list of intervals.
Sort the intervals by their start time. Example: [[1,3],[2,6],[8,10],[15,18]] becomes [[1,3],[2,6],[8,10],[15,18]].
Initialize an empty list to hold merged intervals.
Iterate through the sorted intervals and compare the current interval with the last merged interval.
If they overlap (current start <= last end), merge them by updating ...
A virtual table is a mechanism used in object-oriented programming to support dynamic method resolution for polymorphism.
Virtual tables (vtables) store pointers to virtual functions of a class.
Each class with virtual functions has its own vtable.
When an object is created, it holds a pointer to its class's vtable.
Example: In C++, if class A has a virtual function, derived class B can override it, and the vtable wil...
Determine the minimum number of platforms required for a train station to avoid delays during peak arrival times.
Identify the arrival and departure times of trains.
Sort the arrival and departure times.
Use a two-pointer technique to track the number of platforms needed.
Increment the platform count when a train arrives before the previous one departs.
Example: For arrivals [10:00, 10:15, 10:30] and departures [10:10,...
A FIFO checker is a verification component used to monitor and validate the behavior of a First-In-First-Out buffer in a design.
Implement a monitor that tracks the input and output operations of the FIFO buffer
Check that the data is read out in the same order it was written in
Verify that the FIFO buffer does not overflow or underflow
Use assertions to flag any violations of FIFO behavior
Example: Monitor the write a...
C++ is a powerful, high-performance programming language with features like OOP, templates, and memory management.
C++ supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with classes and inheritance. Example: class Base { ... }; class Derived : public Base { ... };
C++ allows operator overloading, enabling custom behavior for operators. Example: class Complex { public: Complex operator+(const Complex& other) { ... }; };
...
Virtual functions allow a function to be overridden in a derived class, enabling polymorphic behavior.
Virtual functions are declared in a base class with the 'virtual' keyword.
They are meant to be overridden in derived classes to provide specific implementations.
When a virtual function is called through a base class pointer or reference, the actual function to be executed is determined at runtime based on the obje...
I am a highly motivated individual with a passion for learning and a strong work ethic.
I have a degree in computer science and have worked as a software engineer for 3 years.
I am proficient in multiple programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.
I am a quick learner and enjoy taking on new challenges.
In my free time, I enjoy hiking and playing guitar.
C++ is an extension of C with object-oriented programming features.
C++ supports classes and objects while C does not.
C++ has better support for function overloading and templates.
C++ has a standard library that includes many useful functions.
C++ allows for both procedural and object-oriented programming.
C++ is generally considered more complex than C.
It depends on the specific use case and implementation.
C and C++ have different strengths and weaknesses.
C is often used for low-level programming and system-level tasks.
C++ is often used for object-oriented programming and high-level tasks.
The performance difference between C and C++ can be negligible or significant depending on the implementation.
Optimizations and compiler settings can also affect performance.
Benchma...
I know various sorting algorithms including bubble sort, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, quick sort, heap sort.
Bubble sort - repeatedly swapping adjacent elements if they are in wrong order
Insertion sort - inserting each element in its proper place in a sorted subarray
Selection sort - selecting the smallest element and swapping it with the first element
Merge sort - dividing the array into two halves, sortin...
UNION in C is a data type that allows storing different data types in the same memory location.
UNION is declared using the 'union' keyword.
It can be used to save memory by sharing the same memory location for different data types.
Accessing the members of a union can be done using the dot operator or the arrow operator.
Example: union myUnion { int i; float f; };
Example: myUnion.u.i = 10; myUnion.u.f = 3.14;
Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.
OOP focuses on creating reusable code through the use of classes and objects
It emphasizes encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism
Examples of OOP languages include Java, C++, and Python
Overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as in the superclass.
Overloading is compile-time polymorphism while overriding is runtime polymorphism.
Overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same method while overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subcl...
Allocate a 2-D array using C/C++
Use the 'new' keyword to allocate memory dynamically
Specify the number of rows and columns in the array
Access elements using array indexing
Programs can crash due to various reasons such as memory errors, bugs, hardware issues, etc.
Memory errors such as accessing uninitialized memory, buffer overflows, etc.
Bugs in the code such as infinite loops, null pointer dereferences, etc.
Hardware issues such as power failures, overheating, etc.
External factors such as network failures, input/output errors, etc.
Tools like Valgrind can help detect memory errors and oth...
A dictionary can be represented in memory as an array of strings. Worst case complexity of search is O(n).
A dictionary can be represented as an array of strings where each string contains a key-value pair separated by a delimiter.
For example, ['apple: a fruit', 'banana: a fruit', 'carrot: a vegetable']
The worst case complexity of a search in this DS is O(n) as we may need to traverse the entire array to find the desire...
Our company's software is a project management tool for businesses.
Helps businesses manage projects and tasks efficiently
Allows team collaboration and communication
Tracks progress and deadlines
Generates reports and analytics
Integrates with other tools like Slack and Trello
A variable can be allocated in different segments of memory.
Global memory segment
Stack memory segment
Heap memory segment
Code memory segment
Implement an API to return the second minimum element in a stack.
Create a stack and a variable to store the second minimum element.
Whenever a new element is pushed, compare it with the current second minimum and update if necessary.
Whenever an element is popped, check if it is the current second minimum and update if necessary.
Return the second minimum element when the secondMin() API is called.
Count the number of set bits in a given number's binary representation.
Convert the number to binary representation
Iterate through each bit and count the number of set bits
Use bitwise AND operator to check if a bit is set or not
Keep incrementing the count for each set bit
Cell padding is the space between the content of a cell and its border in a table.
Cell padding can be set using CSS or HTML attributes.
It affects the appearance of the table and can improve readability.
Padding can be set for individual cells or for the entire table.
Example:
Lead Software Engineer
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Principal Software Engineer
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Software Engineer2
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Software Engineer
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Lead Engineer
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Synopsys
Qualcomm
Intel
Molex