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Cadence Design Systems
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I was interviewed in Sep 2021.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
Standard Data Structures and Algorithms round . One has to be fairly comfortable in solving algorithmic problems to pass this round with ease.
Given an integer array arr
and an integer Sum
, count and return the total number of pairs in the array whose elements add up to the given Sum
.
The first line contain...
Count and return the total number of pairs in the array whose elements add up to a given sum.
Use a hashmap to store the frequency of each element in the array.
Iterate through the array and for each element, check if (Sum - current element) exists in the hashmap.
Increment the count of pairs if the complement exists in the hashmap.
Given an array ARR
of N
integers, determine the minimum number of jumps required to reach the last index of the array (i.e., N - 1
). From any index i
, you can jump to an in...
The problem involves finding the minimum number of jumps required to reach the last index of an array, where each element indicates the maximum distance that can be jumped from that position.
Use a greedy approach to keep track of the farthest reachable index and the current end of the jump.
Iterate through the array, updating the farthest reachable index and incrementing the jump count when necessary.
Return the jump cou...
Round duration - 70 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round was preety intense and went for over 1 hour . I was asked 2 preety good coding questions (one was from Graphs and the other one was from DP) . After that I was grilled on my Computer Networks and Operating System concepts but luckily I was able to answer all the questions and the interviewer was also quite impressed.
Determine if a given undirected graph can be divided into exactly two disjoint cliques. Print 1 if possible, otherwise print 0.
The first line ...
Check if a given undirected graph can be divided into exactly two disjoint cliques.
Create an adjacency list to represent the graph
Use BFS or DFS to check if the graph is bipartite
If the graph is bipartite, it can be divided into two disjoint cliques
You are provided with 'N' pairs of integers, where the first number in each pair is less than the second number, i.e., in pair (a, b) -> a < b. A pair chain is defi...
Find the length of the longest pair chain that can be formed using the provided pairs.
Sort the pairs based on the second number in each pair.
Iterate through the sorted pairs and keep track of the maximum chain length.
Update the maximum chain length based on the conditions given in the problem statement.
TCP/IP is a set of rules governing the exchange of data over the internet.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.
It is a suite of communication protocols used to connect devices on the internet.
TCP ensures that data is delivered reliably and in order, while IP handles the addressing and routing of data packets.
Examples of TCP/IP applications include web browsing (HTTP), email (SMTP), and file
DHCP Protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
It allows devices to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration information dynamically
DHCP servers assign IP addresses to devices for a specific lease period
DHCP uses a client-server model where the client requests an IP address and the server assigns one
DHCP uses UDP port 67 f
Multitasking involves running multiple tasks concurrently, while multithreading allows multiple threads within a single process to run concurrently.
Multitasking allows multiple processes to run concurrently on a single processor, switching between them quickly.
Multithreading allows multiple threads within a single process to run concurrently, sharing resources like memory and CPU time.
Multitasking is at the process lev...
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Hard
This round majorly focused on past projects and experiences from my Resume and some standard System Design + LLD questions + some basic OOPS questions which a SDE-2 is expected to know .
Design a system like Pastebin for sharing text snippets
Use a web application framework like Django or Flask for the backend
Store text snippets in a database like MySQL or MongoDB
Generate unique URLs for each snippet to share with others
Implement features like syntax highlighting, expiration time, and password protection
Consider implementing user accounts for managing and organizing snippets
Data abstraction is the process of hiding implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.
Data abstraction can be achieved through classes and objects in object-oriented programming.
It involves creating a class with private data members and public methods to access and modify those data members.
By using data abstraction, users can interact with objects without needing to know the internal wo...
Diamond Problem is a common issue in multiple inheritance in C++ where a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class.
Diamond Problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that have a common base class, leading to ambiguity in accessing members.
It can be resolved in C++ using virtual inheritance, where the common base class is inherited virtually to avoid duplicate copies of base class members.
...
Friend functions in C++ are functions that are not members of a class but have access to its private and protected members.
Friend functions are declared inside a class with the keyword 'friend'.
They can access private and protected members of the class they are friends with.
Friend functions are not member functions of the class.
They can be standalone functions or functions of another class.
Example: friend void displayD
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
I applied via Campus Placement
General aptitude questions multiple choice
Questions related to Verilog, college projects
I was interviewed in Aug 2021.
Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was an online coding round where I had 2 questions to solve under 75 minutes. Both the coding questions were related to DP and were of Medium to Hard level of difficulty.
Imagine Ninja is tackling a puzzle during his long summer vacation. He has two arrays of integers, each with lengths 'N' and 'M'. Ninja's task is to dete...
Find the length of the longest subsequence common to two arrays consisting only of prime numbers.
Iterate through both arrays to find prime numbers
Use dynamic programming to find the longest common subsequence
Consider edge cases like empty arrays or no common prime numbers
You are given an array ARR
of N integers. Your task is to perform operations on this array until it becomes empty, and maximize the sum of selected elements. In each operatio...
Given an array, select elements to maximize sum by removing adjacent elements. Return the maximum sum.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the frequency of each element.
Select the element with the highest frequency first, then remove adjacent elements.
Repeat the process until the array becomes empty and calculate the sum of selected elements.
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 Algorithmic questions wherein I was supposed to code both the problems after discussing their approaches and respective time and space complexities . After that , I was grilled on some OOPS concepts related to C++.
Your task is to determine if a given Singly Linked List of integers forms a cycle.
Explanation: A cycle in a linked list occurs when there is a node in the list that conn...
Detect if a given singly linked list of integers forms a cycle.
Use Floyd's Tortoise and Hare algorithm to detect cycle in linked list
Maintain two pointers, one moving at double the speed of the other
If they meet at some point, there is a cycle in the linked list
Determine whether a given array ARR
of positive integers is a valid Preorder Traversal of a Binary Search Tree (BST).
A binary search tree (BST) is a tree structure w...
Check if a given array of positive integers is a valid Preorder Traversal of a Binary Search Tree (BST).
Create a stack to keep track of nodes.
Iterate through the array and compare each element with the top of the stack.
If the current element is less than the top of the stack, push it onto the stack.
If the current element is greater than the top of the stack, pop elements from the stack until a greater element is found ...
Vtable and VPTR are used in C++ for implementing polymorphism through virtual functions.
Vtable (Virtual Table) is a table of function pointers used to implement dynamic dispatch for virtual functions.
VPTR (Virtual Pointer) is a pointer that points to the Vtable of an object.
Vtable is created by the compiler for each class that has virtual functions.
VPTR is added as a hidden member in each object of a class with virtual...
Friend functions in C++ are functions that are not members of a class but have access to its private and protected members.
Friend functions are declared inside a class with the keyword 'friend'.
They can access private and protected members of the class.
They are not member functions of the class, but have the same access rights as member functions.
Friend functions are useful when you want to allow a function external to
Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was also a DS/Algo round where I was given 2 questions to solve and I was expected to come up with the optimal approach as far as possible. I solved both the questions with the optimal time and space complexities and then I was asked some more questions related to DBMS towards the end of the interview.
You are given a binary tree. Your task is to print the Top View of the Binary Tree, displaying the nodes from left to right order.
The first line contains an integer 't'...
The task is to print the Top View of a Binary Tree from left to right order.
Use a map to store the horizontal distance of each node from the root.
Perform a level order traversal of the tree and keep track of the horizontal distance of each node.
Print the nodes in the map in ascending order of their horizontal distance.
Handle the case where multiple nodes have the same horizontal distance by printing the one that appear
Given a string STR
, determine the total number of palindromic substrings within STR
.
The first line contains an integer 't' representing the number ...
Count the total number of palindromic substrings in a given string.
Iterate through each character in the string and expand around it to find palindromic substrings.
Use dynamic programming to store previously calculated palindromic substrings.
Consider both odd and even length palindromes while counting.
Example: For input 'abbc', palindromic substrings are ['a', 'b', 'b', 'c', 'bb']. Total count is 5.
DELETE removes specific rows from a table, while TRUNCATE removes all rows and resets auto-increment values.
DELETE is a DML command, while TRUNCATE is a DDL command.
DELETE can be rolled back, while TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back.
DELETE triggers delete triggers, while TRUNCATE does not trigger any triggers.
DELETE is slower as it maintains logs, while TRUNCATE is faster as it does not maintain logs.
Example: DELETE FROM t
Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity, while denormalization is the process of intentionally introducing redundancy to improve performance.
Normalization involves breaking down a table into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to reduce redundancy and dependency.
Denormalization involves combining tables and duplicating data to impr...
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
I applied via Referral and was interviewed before May 2023. There was 1 interview round.
DSA C++ basic question
Cadence Design Systems interview questions for popular designations
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed in Jul 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
Get interview-ready with Top Cadence Design Systems Interview Questions
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Jun 2022. There were 3 interview rounds.
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in May 2022. There were 2 interview rounds.
Basic coding and aptitude test
Live coding
Coding question from adv DSA
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed before Nov 2021. There were 6 interview rounds.
Data structures, basic programming approach
I was interviewed before Apr 2021.
Round duration - 75 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This was an online coding round where I had 2 questions to solve under 75 minutes. Both the coding questions were of Medium to Hard level of difficulty.
Given two strings, S
and X
, your task is to find the smallest substring in S
that contains all the characters present in X
.
S = "abdd"
X = "bd"
Find the smallest substring in S that contains all characters in X.
Use a sliding window approach to find the smallest substring in S that contains all characters in X.
Keep track of the characters in X using a hashmap.
Move the window by adjusting the start and end pointers until all characters in X are found.
Return the smallest substring encountered.
Given a binary tree where each node contains an integer value, and a value 'K', your task is to find all the paths in the binary tree such that the sum of the node values in ...
Find all paths in a binary tree where the sum of node values equals a given value 'K'.
Traverse the binary tree using DFS and keep track of the current path and its sum.
At each node, check if the current sum equals 'K' and add the path to the result.
Continue traversal to the left and right child nodes recursively.
Return the list of paths that sum up to 'K'.
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 questions of DS/Algo to solve under 60 minutes and 2 questions related to Operating Systems.
You are provided with a binary tree containing 'N' nodes. Your task is to determine if this tree is a Partial Binary Search Tree (BST). Return t...
Validate if a binary tree is a Partial Binary Search Tree (BST) by checking if each node's left subtree contains nodes with data less than or equal to the node's data, and each node's right subtree contains nodes with data greater than or equal to the node's data.
Check if each node's left subtree follows BST property (data <= node's data) and right subtree follows BST property (data >= node's data)
Recursively che...
Given an array of integers with 'N' elements, determine the length of the longest subsequence where each element is greater than the previous element. This...
Find the length of the longest strictly increasing subsequence in an array of integers.
Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently.
Initialize an array to store the length of the longest increasing subsequence ending at each index.
Iterate through the array and update the length of the longest increasing subsequence for each element.
Return the maximum value in the array as the result.
Processes are instances of a program in execution, while threads are lightweight processes within a process.
A process is a program in execution, with its own memory space and resources.
Threads are lightweight processes within a process, sharing the same memory space and resources.
Processes are independent of each other, while threads within the same process can communicate and share data.
Example: A web browser running ...
Different types of semaphores include binary semaphores, counting semaphores, and mutex semaphores.
Binary semaphores: Can only have two states - 0 or 1. Used for mutual exclusion.
Counting semaphores: Can have multiple states. Used for managing resources with limited capacity.
Mutex semaphores: Similar to binary semaphores but with additional features like priority inheritance.
Named semaphores: Can be shared between proc...
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Hard
In this round, I was asked 3 coding questions out of which I had to implement the first two and for the last question I was only asked the optimal approach. The main challenge in this round was to implement the first two questions in a production ready manner without any bugs and so I had to spent some time thinking about some Edge Cases which were important with respect to the question.
You are given an array arr
of length N
. For each element in the array, find the next greater element (NGE) that appears to the right. If there is no such greater ele...
The task is to find the next greater element for each element in an array to its right, if no greater element exists, return -1.
Use a stack to keep track of elements for which the next greater element is not found yet.
Iterate through the array from right to left and pop elements from the stack until a greater element is found.
Store the next greater element for each element in a separate array.
If the stack is empty afte...
Given a sorted array of 'N' integers, your task is to generate the power set for this array. Each subset of this power set should be individually sorted.
A power set of a set 'ARR' i...
Generate power set of a sorted array of integers with individually sorted subsets.
Use recursion to generate all possible subsets by including or excluding each element in the array.
Sort each subset before adding it to the power set.
Handle base case when all elements have been considered to add the subset to the power set.
Ninja is learning about sorting algorithms, specifically those that do not rely on comparisons. Can you help Ninja implement the counting sort algorithm?
Implement counting sort algorithm to sort an array of integers without comparisons.
Count the frequency of each element in the input array.
Create a prefix sum array to determine the position of each element in the sorted array.
Iterate through the input array and place each element in its correct position based on the prefix sum array.
Time complexity of counting sort is O(n+k), where n is the number of elements and k is
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
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