60+ Amazon Web Services Interview Questions and Answers

Reverse words in a string while handling leading/trailing spaces and multiple spaces between words.

• Split the input string by spaces to get individual words.

• Reverse the order of the words in the resulting array.

• Join the reversed words with a single space to form the final reversed string.

Return the level order traversal of a binary tree given in level order with null nodes represented by -1.

• Parse the input to create the binary tree using level order traversal

• Use a queue to perform level order traversal of the binary tree

• Print the node values in level order traversal

Studied operating system concepts, port numbers, and protocols at each layer of the OSI model in college.

• Operating system concepts include process management, memory management, file systems, and security.

• Port numbers are used to identify specific processes or services running on a computer. For example, port 80 is commonly used for HTTP.

• Different protocols at each layer of the OSI model include TCP, UDP, IP, and HTTP.

• Each layer of the OSI model (Application, Presentation, Se...read more

Key operating system concepts include port numbers and protocols at each layer of the OSI model.

• Key operating system concepts include process management, memory management, file system management, and networking.

• Port numbers are used to uniquely identify different communication endpoints in a network.

• Examples of port numbers include port 80 for HTTP, port 443 for HTTPS, and port 22 for SSH.

• The OSI model consists of seven layers, each responsible for different aspects of netwo...read more

I will prioritize identifying the root cause, communicate with stakeholders, and work on resolving the issue as quickly as possible.

• Quickly assess the situation to identify the root cause of the production down environment

• Communicate with stakeholders to keep them informed about the issue and the steps being taken to resolve it

• Work with the team to troubleshoot and resolve the issue as quickly as possible

• Implement any necessary fixes or workarounds to restore production servi...read more

When you browse a site, the internet works by sending data packets between your device and the website's server.

• Your device sends a request to the website's server through your internet service provider (ISP)

• The request is broken down into data packets which travel through various network devices like routers and switches

• The server receives the request, processes it, and sends back data packets with the website's content

• Your device reassembles the data packets to display the ...read more

DNS is a system that translates domain names to IP addresses. Commands like nslookup and dig are used to troubleshoot DNS.

• DNS stands for Domain Name System

• DNS translates domain names to IP addresses

• Commands like nslookup and dig are used to troubleshoot DNS

• DNS operates through a hierarchical system of servers

There is no wireless service in AWS. It primarily provides cloud computing services.

• AWS does not offer wireless services

• AWS focuses on providing cloud computing services

• Wireless services are typically provided by telecom companies

Troubleshooting Windows OS at a deep level to identify and resolve issues

• Start by checking event logs for any errors or warnings

• Use built-in troubleshooting tools like Task Manager, Resource Monitor, and Event Viewer

• Check for software conflicts or driver issues

• Run system file checker (sfc /scannow) to repair corrupted system files

• Consider performing a clean boot to isolate the issue

When you type amazon.com in a web browser, it sends a request to the Amazon servers, which then respond by sending back the website's content to be displayed on your screen.

• Typing amazon.com in the browser's address bar triggers a DNS lookup to translate the domain name into an IP address.

• The browser then sends an HTTP request to the Amazon servers, requesting the website's content.

• The Amazon servers process the request and send back the website's HTML, CSS, and JavaScript fi...read more

SQL Database Options are different configurations and features available for managing and optimizing SQL databases.

• SQL Database Options include various storage options like Blob storage, File storage, and Managed Disks.

• Other options include backup and restore capabilities, high availability options like geo-replication, and performance tuning options.

• Examples of SQL Database Options are Azure SQL Database, Amazon RDS for SQL Server, and Google Cloud SQL.

Amazon S3 Glacier is a secure, durable, and low-cost storage service for data archiving and long-term backup.

• It is designed for data that is infrequently accessed but needs to be retained for a long time.

• Data is stored in archives, which are stored in vaults.

• Retrieval times can range from minutes to hours, depending on the retrieval option chosen.

• It offers features like data encryption, access controls, and compliance capabilities.

• Glacier Select allows querying and retrieving...read more

TCP flags are control bits used in TCP header to indicate various connection states and control functions.

• Some common TCP flags include SYN (synchronize), ACK (acknowledge), FIN (finish), RST (reset), PSH (push), and URG (urgent)

• These flags are used to establish connections, acknowledge data receipt, terminate connections, and control data flow

• For example, SYN flag is used to initiate a connection, ACK flag is used to acknowledge data receipt, and FIN flag is used to terminat...read more

TCP works at the transport layer of the OSI model.

• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.

• It operates at Layer 4 of the OSI model, the transport layer.

• TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data between applications.

• Examples of protocols that use TCP include HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

To troubleshoot a network down situation, start by checking physical connections, rebooting devices, checking network configurations, and monitoring network traffic.

• Check physical connections (cables, ports)

• Reboot devices (routers, switches)

• Check network configurations (IP addresses, subnet masks)

• Monitor network traffic for any anomalies

AWS is a cloud computing platform provided by Amazon that offers a wide range of services for building and managing applications.

• AWS stands for Amazon Web Services.

• It provides on-demand computing resources and services over the internet.

• AWS offers a variety of services such as computing power, storage, databases, networking, analytics, and more.

• It allows businesses to scale their infrastructure easily and pay only for the resources they use.

• Some popular AWS services include E...read more

Linux boot process involves several stages including BIOS, bootloader, kernel initialization, and user space initialization.

• The process starts with the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) which initializes hardware components.

• The bootloader (GRUB or LILO) loads the kernel into memory and passes control to it.

• The kernel initializes drivers, mounts the root file system, and starts the init process.

• The init process starts user space processes and services.

• The runlevel determines wh...read more

RDS in AWS is a managed relational database service that simplifies database setup, operation, and scaling.

• RDS stands for Relational Database Service

• It allows users to easily set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud

• RDS supports various database engines like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, etc.

• It provides automated backups, software patching, and monitoring for the databases

• RDS offers high availability, durability, and fault tolerance

• Users can choos...read more

NoSQL is a non-relational database service in AWS that provides flexible schema design and horizontal scalability.

• NoSQL stands for 'Not Only SQL' and is designed to handle large amounts of unstructured data.

• It allows for flexible schema design, meaning that data can be stored without a predefined structure.

• NoSQL databases in AWS include Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon DocumentDB.

• These databases are highly scalable and can handle high read and write workloads.

• NoSQL databases are co...read more

Internet security vulnerabilities include phishing, malware, ransomware, DDoS attacks, and SQL injection.

• Phishing: fraudulent emails or websites that trick users into giving sensitive information

• Malware: malicious software that can harm or steal data from a computer

• Ransomware: malware that encrypts a user's files and demands payment for their release

• DDoS attacks: flooding a website with traffic to overwhelm and shut it down

• SQL injection: exploiting vulnerabilities in a websit...read more

RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. It is a technology used to combine multiple hard drives into a single unit for data protection and performance improvement.

• RAID 0: Striping without parity, offers increased performance but no data protection

• RAID 1: Mirroring, duplicates data across multiple drives for data redundancy

• RAID 5: Striping with distributed parity, balances performance and data protection

• RAID 10: Combination of RAID 1 and RAID 0, offers both perfo...read more

There are various tools used in software testing such as Selenium, JMeter, Appium, etc.

• Selenium is used for web application testing

• JMeter is used for load testing

• Appium is used for mobile application testing

• Other tools include TestComplete, SoapUI, etc.

I solved a complex problem when I streamlined the supply chain process for a manufacturing company.

• Identified bottlenecks in the supply chain process

• Collaborated with cross-functional teams to develop a new process

• Implemented the new process and monitored its effectiveness

• Reduced lead time by 30% and saved the company $500,000 annually

Amazon may send wrong products due to various reasons.

• Incorrect product labeling or packaging

• Human error in picking and packing process

• Technical glitches in inventory management system

• Fraudulent activities by third-party sellers

• Miscommunication between customer and seller

• Inadequate quality control measures

• Logistical issues during shipping and delivery

Amazon RDS is a managed relational database service provided by AWS.

• Amazon RDS allows users to easily set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud.

• It supports popular database engines like MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and MariaDB.

• RDS provides automated backups, automated software patching, and high availability.

• It offers features like read replicas, Multi-AZ deployments, and database encryption.

• RDS can be integrated with other AWS services like AWS ...read more

AWS is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of services to help businesses scale and grow.

• AWS offers a variety of services such as computing, storage, and databases.

• It allows businesses to easily scale up or down depending on their needs.

• AWS provides a secure and reliable infrastructure for businesses to run their applications.

• It also offers tools for analytics, machine learning, and IoT.

• AWS has a global network of data centers to ensure low latency and high ...read more

I handle difficult customers by remaining calm, listening actively, and finding solutions to their problems.

• Remain calm and composed

• Listen actively to understand their concerns

• Empathize with the customer's situation

• Find solutions to address their issues

• Maintain a positive attitude throughout the interaction

Hashing algorithms are important for data security as they convert data into a fixed-size string of bytes, making it difficult to reverse engineer the original data.

• Hashing algorithms are used to securely store passwords by converting them into a unique hash value, making it difficult for attackers to retrieve the original password.

• They are also used in digital signatures to ensure data integrity and authenticity.

• Hashing algorithms are crucial in blockchain technology to secu...read more

Power is transmitted from substation to data racks through a series of transformers, switchgears, and distribution panels.

• Power is generated at the substation and transmitted at high voltage through transmission lines.

• The high voltage power is then stepped down through transformers to a lower voltage suitable for distribution.

• The power is then distributed through switchgears and distribution panels to the data racks.

• The distribution panels are connected to the data racks thro...read more

Shortlist startups based on target market, funding, product-market fit, and growth potential.

• Identify target market and ensure startups cater to it

• Look for startups with adequate funding to sustain growth

• Evaluate product-market fit and potential for scalability

• Assess growth potential based on market trends and competition

• Consider startups with a strong team and track record of success

• Utilize industry networks and referrals for recommendations

• Conduct thorough research and due ...read more

Design a shopping cart and find nearest palindrome number to a given number.

• Design a class for the shopping cart with methods like add item, remove item, calculate total price, etc.

• Implement a function to find the nearest palindrome number to a given number.

• You can iterate from the given number and check if each number is a palindrome until you find the nearest one.

The types of EC2 instances in AWS include General Purpose, Compute Optimized, Memory Optimized, Storage Optimized, and Accelerated Computing.

• General Purpose instances provide a balance of compute, memory, and networking resources.

• Compute Optimized instances are ideal for compute-bound applications that benefit from high-performance processors.

• Memory Optimized instances are designed for memory-intensive applications such as in-memory databases.

• Storage Optimized instances are o...read more

Securing a web server involves implementing various measures to protect against cyber attacks and unauthorized access.

• Install and regularly update security software such as firewalls and antivirus programs

• Use strong and unique passwords for all accounts and change them regularly

• Enable HTTPS encryption and use SSL/TLS certificates

• Regularly backup data and store it in a secure location

• Limit access to the server and only grant necessary permissions

• Regularly monitor server logs f...read more

Customer service involves providing assistance and support to customers before, during, and after a purchase.

• Customer service is about meeting the needs and expectations of customers.

• It involves effective communication and problem-solving skills.

• Customer service can be provided through various channels such as phone, email, chat, or in-person.

• It is important to be patient, empathetic, and courteous when dealing with customers.

• Examples of good customer service include resolvin...read more

A typical infrastructure project schedule

• Define project scope and objectives

• Create a project plan with timelines and milestones

• Identify and allocate resources

• Develop a budget and obtain funding

• Execute the project plan

• Monitor progress and adjust as necessary

• Test and validate the infrastructure

• Deploy the infrastructure

• Provide ongoing support and maintenance

Java is a popular programming language for software testing due to its platform independence, object-oriented nature, and vast community support.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning that code written in Java can run on any platform that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.

• Java is object-oriented, making it easier to write modular and reusable code.

• Java has a vast community of developers and testers, providing access to a wealth of resources and support.

• Java has a rich...read more

Cookies are small pieces of data stored on a user's browser by websites to remember user preferences and track user activity.

• Cookies are used to store information such as login credentials, shopping cart items, and user preferences.

• They can be either session cookies (temporary) or persistent cookies (stored for longer periods).

• Cookies can be set by the website being visited (first-party cookies) or by third-party services embedded on the website (third-party cookies).

Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not.

• Testing is an essential part of software development.

• It helps to identify defects and errors in the software.

• Testing can be done manually or through automation.

• Types of testing include functional, performance, security, and usability testing.

• Testing should be done throughout the software development life cycle.

EC2 is a virtual server in AWS, while S3 bucket is a scalable storage solution for files.

• EC2 stands for Elastic Compute Cloud and is a virtual server in Amazon Web Services (AWS)

• S3 bucket is a scalable storage solution for files in AWS

• EC2 instances can be used to run applications or host websites

• S3 buckets can store any type of data, such as images, videos, documents, etc.

• Both EC2 and S3 are key components of cloud computing services provided by AWS

I have a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration and 5 years of experience in sales.

• Bachelor's degree in Business Administration

• 5 years of experience in sales

AWS is like a big computer in the sky that lets you store and use your files and programs from anywhere.

• AWS is a cloud computing platform

• It provides services like storage, computing power, and databases

• You can access your files and programs from anywhere with an internet connection

• Examples of AWS services include S3 for storage and EC2 for computing power

To mitigate DDoS attacks, implement network security measures, use DDoS protection services, and monitor traffic patterns.

• Implement network security measures such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access control lists

• Use DDoS protection services like cloud-based DDoS mitigation services or on-premise DDoS protection appliances

• Monitor traffic patterns for any unusual spikes or patterns that may indicate a DDoS attack

• Utilize rate limiting and traffic filtering to b...read more

Design a central logging system for efficient monitoring and troubleshooting.

• Use a centralized server to collect logs from all systems

• Implement log aggregation tools like ELK stack or Splunk

• Set up alerts for critical errors or anomalies

• Ensure secure access controls for log data

• Consider scalability and storage requirements

To iterate a Map, use for-each loop or Iterator interface.

• Use for-each loop to iterate over the Map entries.

• Use keySet() method to get the Set of keys and then iterate over it.

• Use values() method to get the Collection of values and then iterate over it.

• Use entrySet() method to get the Set of Map.Entry objects and then iterate over it.

• Use Iterator interface to iterate over the Map entries.

I closed a $1 million deal with a major client last year.

• Identified client's needs and tailored a customized solution

• Built strong rapport with key decision makers

• Negotiated terms and closed the deal successfully

DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a system that translates domain names into IP addresses.

• DNS is like a phonebook for the internet

• It helps to locate websites by translating domain names into IP addresses

• DNS servers store information about domain names and their corresponding IP addresses

• DNS is essential for the functioning of the internet

A hypervisor is a software or hardware platform that enables the virtualization of computer resources.

• Hypervisor is responsible for creating and managing virtual machines (VMs)

• It allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical server

• There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 (bare-metal) and Type 2 (hosted)

• Examples of hypervisors include VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, and KVM

• Hypervisors provide isolation, resource allocation, and hardware abstraction

Service Nos can be handled by assigning unique identifiers to each service for easy tracking and management.

• Assign unique service numbers to each service for easy identification

• Use a centralized database or system to track and manage service numbers

• Implement a standardized format for service numbers to ensure consistency

• Regularly update and maintain service numbers to avoid duplicates or confusion

Single Sign-On (SSO) is a method of access control that enables a user to log in once and gain access to multiple systems without being prompted to log in again.

• SSO eliminates the need for users to remember multiple passwords for different systems

• Examples of SSO include Google Sign-In, Microsoft Azure Active Directory, and Okta

• SSO improves security by reducing the risk of password fatigue and simplifying the user experience

Cloud support refers to providing technical assistance and troubleshooting for cloud computing services and platforms.

• Providing assistance with setting up and configuring cloud services

• Troubleshooting issues related to cloud storage, networking, and security

• Offering guidance on best practices for utilizing cloud resources

• Resolving performance issues and optimizing cloud infrastructure

• Examples: AWS Support, Microsoft Azure Support, Google Cloud Platform Support

Ratelimiting APIs is a crucial aspect of ensuring system stability and preventing abuse.

• Implement rate limiting to restrict the number of API calls a user can make within a specific time frame.

• Use tokens or counters to track and enforce rate limits.

• Consider using a distributed cache or database to store rate limit data for scalability.

• Monitor and adjust rate limits based on usage patterns and system performance.

• Provide informative error messages when rate limits are exceeded ...read more

My expectation is to lead global projects successfully by effectively managing resources, timelines, and stakeholders.

• To have clear project objectives and deliverables

• To establish strong communication channels with team members and stakeholders

• To proactively identify and mitigate risks

• To ensure alignment with organizational goals and priorities

AWS Cloud is a secure cloud services platform offered by Amazon Web Services.

• Provides a wide range of services such as computing power, storage options, and networking capabilities

• Allows users to scale resources up or down based on demand

• Offers pay-as-you-go pricing model for cost efficiency

• Examples include Amazon EC2 for virtual servers and Amazon S3 for storage

Customer support is the assistance provided to customers before, during, and after purchasing a product or service.

• Customer support involves helping customers with technical issues, product inquiries, and troubleshooting.

• It can be provided through various channels such as phone, email, live chat, or social media.

• Customer support aims to ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty by addressing their concerns and resolving any issues they may have.

• Examples of customer support inc...read more

AWS is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services for businesses and individuals.

• AWS stands for Amazon Web Services

• It provides on-demand cloud computing services like storage, computing power, databases, etc.

• Users can access these services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis

• Popular services include Amazon S3 for storage, EC2 for virtual servers, and RDS for databases

Designing a 3-tier application architecture for scalability and flexibility.

• Tier 1: Presentation layer (web browser or mobile app)

• Tier 2: Application layer (server-side logic and processing)

• Tier 3: Data layer (database for storing and retrieving data)

• Example: Front-end (React), Back-end (Node.js), Database (MongoDB)

Emi stands for Equated Monthly Installment.

• Emi is a fixed amount of payment made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar month.

• It is commonly used in the context of loans, mortgages, and other financial products.

• Emi includes both the principal amount and the interest on the loan.

• It helps borrowers to budget their monthly expenses and plan their finances accordingly.

Merge sort is a divide and conquer algorithm that recursively splits an array into halves, sorts them, and then merges them back together.

• Merge sort divides the array into two halves, sorts each half, and then merges them back together in sorted order.

• It has a time complexity of O(n log n) in the worst case scenario.

• Merge sort is stable and can be used for sorting linked lists as well.

• Example: Given array [38, 27, 43, 3, 9, 82, 10], after applying merge sort it becomes [3, 9,...read more

Migration to cloud involves moving applications and data from on-premise infrastructure to cloud-based infrastructure.

• Assess current infrastructure and identify applications and data that can be migrated to the cloud

• Choose the right cloud provider and service model based on business needs

• Ensure data security and compliance during migration

• Optimize applications for cloud environment to maximize benefits

• Train staff on new cloud-based tools and processes