800+ Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Modulation is the process of varying a carrier signal's properties to transmit information.

• Modulation is used to transfer information through a carrier signal.

• It involves varying one or more properties of the carrier signal.

• Types of modulation include amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM).

• AM modulates the carrier signal's amplitude to encode information.

• FM modulates the carrier signal's frequency to encode information.

• PM modulates the...read more

Method overloading involves creating multiple methods in the same class with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding involves creating a method in a subclass that has the same name, return type, and parameters as a method in the superclass.

• Method overloading is used to provide different implementations of a method based on the number or type of parameters passed.

• Method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass that is ...read more

Immutability in Java means that an object's state cannot be changed after it is created. String class achieves immutability by not allowing its value to be modified.

• Immutability means that once an object is created, its state cannot be changed.

• String class achieves immutability by making its value final and not providing any methods to modify it.

• Advantages of immutable objects include thread safety, caching, and easier debugging.

ArrayList and LinkedList are both implementations of the List interface in Java. ArrayList uses a dynamic array to store elements, while LinkedList uses a doubly linked list.

• ArrayList is faster for accessing elements by index, while LinkedList is faster for adding or removing elements in the middle of the list.

• ArrayList uses more memory as it needs to allocate space for the entire list upfront, while LinkedList only needs memory for each element and its pointers.

• Choose ArrayL...read more

Java annotations are metadata that provide data about a program but do not affect the program itself. They are used in frameworks like Spring to simplify configuration and reduce boilerplate code.

• Java annotations are used to provide metadata about classes, methods, fields, etc. They are defined using the @ symbol.

• In Spring framework, annotations are used to configure various aspects of the application, such as dependency injection, transaction management, and MVC mappings.

• Bui...read more

The testing process in our organization involves planning, designing test cases, executing tests, analyzing results, and reporting findings.

• Planning phase involves defining test objectives and scope

• Designing test cases based on requirements and specifications

• Executing tests using various tools and techniques

• Analyzing test results to identify defects and issues

• Reporting findings to stakeholders for further action

• Continuous improvement through feedback and lessons learned

final, finally, and finalize have different meanings in Java.

• final is a keyword used to declare constants, immutable variables, or prevent method overriding.

• finally is a block used in exception handling to execute code after try-catch block.

• finalize is a method used for cleanup operations before an object is garbage collected.

Gaming is a popular form of entertainment with various genres such as action, adventure, sports, strategy, and simulation.

• Action games involve fast-paced gameplay and combat, such as Call of Duty or Fortnite.

• Adventure games focus on exploration and puzzle-solving, such as The Legend of Zelda or Uncharted.

• Sports games simulate real-life sports, such as FIFA or NBA 2K.

• Strategy games require tactical thinking and planning, such as Civilization or Starcraft.

• Simulation games simul...read more

Screenshots can be captured using built-in tools or third-party software.

• On Windows, use the Snipping Tool or press Windows key + Print Screen

• On Mac, press Command + Shift + 4

• Third-party software like Greenshot or Lightshot can also be used

• Screenshots can be saved as image files or copied to clipboard

I am a test engineer with experience in SPA testing and automation frameworks.

• Challenges in SPA testing include handling dynamic content and ensuring compatibility across browsers and devices.

• Test templates in the test plan may include test cases, test data, and expected results.

• RTM (Requirements Traceability Matrix) helps ensure all requirements are tested and tracked.

• Scrum ceremonies used in testing include sprint planning, daily stand-ups, and sprint reviews.

• Automation fra...read more

Java Streams can handle parallel processing using parallel streams. Pitfalls include increased complexity and potential for race conditions.

• Java Streams can utilize parallel processing by using parallel streams, which automatically divide the data into multiple chunks and process them concurrently.

• Potential pitfalls of using parallel streams include increased complexity, potential for race conditions, and overhead of managing parallel threads.

• To mitigate these pitfalls, ensur...read more

The Java garbage collector automatically manages memory by reclaiming unused objects.

• Garbage collector runs in the background to reclaim memory from objects no longer in use.

• Different types of garbage collection algorithms include Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1, and ZGC.

• Serial collector is best for single-threaded applications, while G1 is suitable for large heap sizes.

• CMS (Concurrent Mark Sweep) collector minimizes pause times by running most of the collection concurrently with t...read more

Functional interfaces in Java are interfaces with a single abstract method. They can be used with lambda expressions for functional programming.

• Functional interfaces have only one abstract method, but can have multiple default or static methods.

• Lambda expressions can be used to implement the single abstract method of a functional interface concisely.

• An example of a custom functional interface is 'Calculator' with a single abstract method 'calculate'.

Using Java's synchronized keyword for thread synchronization has advantages like simplicity and disadvantages like potential deadlock. ReentrantLock offers more flexibility and control.

• Advantages of synchronized keyword: easy to use, built-in support in Java

• Disadvantages of synchronized keyword: potential for deadlock, lack of flexibility

• ReentrantLock advantages: more control over locking, ability to try and acquire lock, support for condition variables

• ReentrantLock disadvant...read more

Java 8 introduced features like lambdas and Stream API which have revolutionized the way Java applications are written.

• Lambdas allow for more concise and readable code by enabling functional programming paradigms.

• Stream API provides a way to process collections of objects in a functional style, allowing for easier parallel processing and improved performance.

• Java 8 also introduced default methods in interfaces, allowing for backward compatibility with existing code while stil...read more

In Java, == compares memory addresses while .equals() compares values. Improper usage can lead to unexpected results.

• Use == to compare primitive data types and object references.

• Use .equals() to compare the actual values of objects.

• Improper usage of == with objects can lead to comparing memory addresses instead of values.

• Improper usage of .equals() can lead to NullPointerException if used with null objects.

The Java Memory Model defines how threads interact through memory and how changes made by one thread are visible to others.

• Java Memory Model specifies how threads interact with memory, ensuring visibility and consistency.

• It defines the rules for reading and writing variables in a multithreaded environment.

• Synchronization ensures that only one thread can access a shared resource at a time.

• Volatile keyword in Java ensures visibility of changes made by one thread to other thread...read more

Cross browser testing is the process of testing a website or application across different web browsers to ensure compatibility.

• It involves testing the functionality and appearance of a website or application on multiple browsers.

• It helps identify and fix any issues or inconsistencies that may arise due to browser-specific behaviors.

• Common browsers for cross browser testing include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer.

• Cross browser testing can be done manually or usi...read more

I have played a variety of games as a Test Engineer, including mobile games, PC games, console games, and virtual reality games.

• Mobile games: Testing games on iOS and Android devices for functionality, performance, and compatibility.

• PC games: Testing games on desktop computers for bugs, glitches, and overall gameplay experience.

• Console games: Testing games on gaming consoles like PlayStation, Xbox, and Nintendo for graphics, controls, and user interface.

• Virtual reality games:...read more

To enhance user experience in the game, consider adding more interactive elements, improving graphics and sound effects, optimizing performance, and implementing user feedback mechanisms.

• Add more interactive elements such as mini-games, puzzles, or challenges to keep users engaged.

• Improve graphics and sound effects to create a more immersive gaming experience.

• Optimize performance by reducing loading times, fixing bugs, and enhancing overall gameplay smoothness.

• Implement user ...read more

API testing is a type of software testing that involves testing APIs directly and their integration with other components.

• API testing involves testing the functionality, reliability, performance, and security of APIs.

• Types of API testing include unit testing, functional testing, load testing, security testing, and fuzz testing.

• Unit testing involves testing individual API functions and methods.

• Functional testing involves testing the overall functionality of the API.

• Load testin...read more

Method Overloading is creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method Overriding is creating a new implementation of an existing method in a subclass.

• Method Overloading is used to provide different ways to call the same method with different parameters.

• Method Overriding is used to provide a new implementation of an existing method in a subclass.

• Method Overloading is resolved at compile-time based on the number and type of arguments passed.

• Method ...read more

Checked exceptions are checked at compile time, while unchecked exceptions are not. Proper handling involves either catching or declaring the exception.

• Checked exceptions must be either caught or declared in the method signature using 'throws'. Example: IOException.

• Unchecked exceptions do not need to be caught or declared. Example: NullPointerException.

• Proper handling of exceptions involves using try-catch blocks for checked exceptions and ensuring null checks for potential u...read more

Retesting is testing the same functionality again after fixing the defects. Regression testing is testing the entire system after making changes to ensure that existing functionalities are not impacted.

• Retesting is done to ensure that the defects reported earlier have been fixed and the functionality is working as expected.

• Regression testing is done to ensure that the changes made to the system have not impacted the existing functionalities.

• Retesting is a subset of regression...read more

Retesting, regression, white box and black box testing, smoke and sanity testing, and walkthroughs are all important testing concepts.

• Retesting involves testing a previously failed test case again after the defect has been fixed.

• Regression testing involves testing the entire system after changes have been made to ensure that no new defects have been introduced.

• White box testing involves testing the internal structure of the system, while black box testing involves testing the...read more

Method overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while method overriding is having a method in a subclass with the same name and parameters as a method in its superclass.

• Method overloading is done within the same class, while method overriding is done in a subclass.

• Method overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same method, while method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subcl...read more

Questions on Selenium exceptions, final, finally, finalize, and constructors with syntax and program writing tasks.

• Selenium exceptions are used to handle errors and unexpected events during test execution.

• Final is a keyword used to declare a constant value, finally is a block of code that executes regardless of exception occurrence, and finalize is a method used for garbage collection.

• Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects in a class.

• Examples of syntax, x...read more

As a Test Engineer, day-to-day activities involve test planning, test case creation, test execution, bug reporting, and collaborating with the development team.

• Creating test plans and strategies based on project requirements

• Designing and developing test cases to ensure comprehensive test coverage

• Executing test cases and documenting test results

• Identifying and reporting software defects or issues

• Collaborating with the development team to understand requirements and resolve iss...read more

Locators in Selenium are used to identify web elements on a web page.

• Locators are used to find web elements based on their attributes such as ID, class, name, etc.

• Selenium supports various types of locators such as ID, class name, name, tag name, link text, partial link text, CSS selector, and XPath.

• For example, to find an element with ID 'username', we can use the following code: driver.findElement(By.id('username'));

Method overloading and overriding are two concepts in object-oriented programming that allow methods to have multiple implementations.

• Method overloading is when a class has multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Example of method overloading: public void print(int num) and public void print(String str)

• Example of method overriding...read more

XPath is a language used to navigate through XML documents. Absolute XPath specifies the complete path from the root element, while relative XPath specifies the path from the current element.

• XPath is used to locate elements in an XML document

• Absolute XPath starts with a single forward slash and specifies the complete path from the root element

• Relative XPath starts with a double forward slash and specifies the path from the current element

• Example of Absolute XPath: /html/body/...read more

Yes, I can write test cases in Excel and provide a good test case for the login page.

• Create test cases in Excel with columns for test case ID, description, input data, expected result, actual result, pass/fail status, etc.

• For the login page test case, include scenarios like valid username and password, invalid username and password, empty fields, special characters in username/password, etc.

• Ensure to cover positive and negative test cases, boundary conditions, and edge cases....read more

I rate myself as proficient in the use of CANalyzer.

• I have extensive experience using CANalyzer for analyzing and testing CAN bus communication.

• I am familiar with setting up and configuring CANalyzer for various testing scenarios.

• I have used CANalyzer to troubleshoot communication issues and analyze network traffic.

• I have successfully integrated CANalyzer with other testing tools and systems.

• I continuously update my knowledge and skills in using CANalyzer through training and...read more

Op amp stands for operational amplifier, used in electronic circuits for amplifying signals.

• Op amp is a high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs.

• It is commonly used in signal processing, audio amplification, and instrumentation.

• Op amps have two inputs, inverting and non-inverting, and one output.

• They are often used in feedback circuits to control gain and performance.

Answer to a question on getting lines above and below a string in Test Engineering.

• Use file handling to read the file line by line

• Check if the current line contains the string

• If yes, store the previous and next lines in variables

• Repeat until end of file is reached

• Return the stored lines

A scenario is a single test case while a scenario outline is a template for multiple similar test cases with different inputs.

• Scenario is a single test case with specific inputs and expected outcomes.

• Scenario outline is a template for multiple test cases with placeholders for inputs.

• In scenario outline, examples table is used to provide different input values for each test case.

Data flows in database testing through various stages including input, processing, storage, and output.

• Data is input into the database through various sources such as forms, APIs, or scripts.

• The data is then processed and stored in the database tables according to the defined schema.

• During testing, the data is retrieved from the database using SQL queries or other tools.

• The output of the testing process includes reports, logs, and other artifacts that provide insights into th...read more

To select a box using Selenium, we can use the findElement() method with appropriate locator strategies.

• Identify the element using a unique locator such as ID, name, class name, etc.

• Use the findElement() method to locate the element on the web page.

• Perform actions on the element using various methods such as click(), sendKeys(), etc.

• Example: WebElement checkbox = driver.findElement(By.id("checkbox_id")); checkbox.click();

Yes, as a test engineer, I have found bugs in games.

• As a test engineer, it is my responsibility to identify and report bugs in games.

• I have experience in testing various game genres such as action, puzzle, and simulation.

• Examples of bugs I have found include graphical glitches, gameplay inconsistencies, and crashes.

• I use a combination of manual testing and automated tools to ensure thorough bug detection.

• Collaborating with developers and providing detailed bug reports is cruc...read more

The output voltage time difference in a Schmitt trigger circuit depends on the input voltage levels and the hysteresis voltage.

• The output voltage time difference is determined by the hysteresis voltage of the Schmitt trigger.

• Hysteresis is the difference between the upper and lower threshold voltages of the Schmitt trigger.

• When the input voltage rises above the upper threshold, the output switches to a high state. It remains in this state until the input voltage falls below th...read more

Drop deletes the table structure and data, delete deletes specific rows, truncate deletes all rows.

• Drop is a DDL command, while delete and truncate are DML commands.

• Drop deletes the table structure and data, while delete deletes specific rows based on a condition.

• Truncate deletes all rows from the table, but keeps the table structure intact.

• Drop cannot be rolled back, while delete and truncate can be rolled back if used within a transaction.

• Examples: DROP TABLE table_name; DE...read more

Static, super, and final are Java keywords used for different purposes.

• Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and methods.

• Super keyword is used to call the parent class constructor or method.

• Final keyword is used to create constants or prevent method or class overriding.

Array is a collection of elements of same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. Linked list is a collection of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Array has fixed size, linked list can grow dynamically

• Insertion and deletion is faster in linked list than array

• Accessing elements in array is faster than linked list

• Arrays are better for small data sets, linked lists are better for large data sets

• Example of array: int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4...read more

Smoke testing is a subset of sanity testing. Smoke testing verifies basic functionality, while sanity testing checks for logical errors.

• Smoke testing is performed to ensure that the critical functionalities of the software are working as expected.

• Sanity testing is performed to check if the newly added or modified functionality is working fine and does not break the existing functionalities.

• Smoke testing is executed after a build is received, while sanity testing is performed ...read more

Scenarios of Pen

• Positive Scenarios:

• - Pen is a versatile writing tool that can be used for various purposes such as writing, drawing, and signing documents.

• - Pen is portable and easy to carry around, making it a convenient tool for people who are always on the go.

• - Pen can be used to express creativity and artistry, allowing individuals to showcase their talents and skills.

• Negative Scenarios:

• - Pen can be easily lost or misplaced, causing inconvenience and frustration.

• - Pen can...read more

Increment load is a gradual increase in user traffic while full load is the maximum user traffic.

• Increment load gradually increases user traffic

• Full load is the maximum user traffic

• Increment load helps identify system capacity

• Full load tests system performance under stress

• Examples: Increment load - adding 100 users every 5 minutes, Full load - adding 1000 users at once

If all electrical connections are ok, the problem on a not vibrating vehicle could be related to mechanical issues.

• Mechanical problem with the engine or transmission

• Faulty motor mounts

• Worn-out or damaged suspension components

• Imbalanced or damaged wheels or tires

• Issues with the drivetrain