400+ Senior Test Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Answering questions related to string immutability, abstraction and interface, list and set difference, equal and == difference, fastest locators, and frameworks.

• String is immutable because it cannot be changed once created

• Abstraction and interface are used to achieve abstraction in programming

• List and set differ in their ability to contain duplicate elements

• Equal compares the values of two objects while == compares their memory addresses

• XPath locators are generally faster th...read more

Algorithm to find element in array with equal sum on both sides

• Iterate through array and calculate sum of elements on left and right side of each element

• Compare sums on both sides for each element to find the desired element

• Return the element if found, otherwise return -1

Collections are objects that group multiple elements into a single unit.

• Collections are used to store, retrieve, manipulate and communicate aggregate data.

• Types of collections include List, Set, Map, Queue, Stack, etc.

• Collections can be used to improve code readability, maintainability and performance.

• Example: ArrayList is a type of List collection that stores elements in an ordered sequence.

• Example: HashMap is a type of Map collection that stores key-value pairs.

• Example: Pri...read more

There are five aggregate functions available in SQL: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, and MAX.

• COUNT: Returns the number of rows that match a specified condition.

• SUM: Calculates the sum of a set of values.

• AVG: Calculates the average of a set of values.

• MIN: Returns the minimum value in a set of values.

• MAX: Returns the maximum value in a set of values.

Transformation refers to the process of changing or converting something from one form to another.

• Transformation can occur in various fields such as technology, business, and personal development.

• Examples of transformation include digital transformation, organizational transformation, and personal transformation.

• Transformation often involves a significant change in mindset, processes, and systems.

• Successful transformation requires careful planning, communication, and executio...read more

Resolve merge conflicts in git by using git commands and tools.

• Use 'git status' to identify conflicted files

• Open conflicted file(s) in text editor and resolve conflicts manually

• Use 'git add' to stage resolved files

• Commit changes using 'git commit'

• Use 'git merge --abort' to abort merge if needed

Agile methodologies are iterative approaches to software development that prioritize flexibility and collaboration.

• Agile methodologies involve breaking down projects into smaller, manageable tasks called user stories.

• Key agile ceremonies include daily stand-up meetings, sprint planning meetings, sprint reviews, and sprint retrospectives.

• Daily stand-up meetings are brief check-ins where team members discuss what they worked on yesterday, what they plan to work on today, and an...read more

TestNG annotations are used to control the flow of test methods and provide additional information about the test methods.

• TestNG annotations are used to mark methods as test methods, setup methods, teardown methods, etc.

• Examples of TestNG annotations include @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, etc.

• TestNG framework is a testing framework inspired by JUnit and NUnit, but introduces some new functionalities like grouping, par...read more

XPaths are used to locate elements on a website by defining the path of the element in the HTML structure.

• XPaths can be used to locate elements based on their attributes, such as id, class, name, etc.

• Absolute XPaths start with a single forward slash (/) and specify the complete path from the root element.

• Relative XPaths start with a double forward slash (//) and specify the path from the current node.

• Example: //input[@id='username'] - locates an input element with id 'usernam...read more

Revenue from OTT apps is generated through various sources such as subscription fees, advertising, in-app purchases, and partnerships.

• Subscription fees: Users pay a recurring fee to access premium content or features.

• Advertising: OTT apps display ads to generate revenue from advertisers.

• In-app purchases: Users can buy virtual goods or upgrades within the app.

• Partnerships: OTT apps may partner with other companies for content distribution or promotional deals.

100% test coverage is not possible, but we can aim for maximum coverage by prioritizing tests and using automation.

• Prioritize tests based on risk and criticality

• Use automation to cover repetitive and time-consuming tests

• Perform code reviews to ensure all code paths are covered

• Continuously monitor and update test suite

• Collaborate with developers to ensure all changes are tested

• Use tools like code coverage analysis to identify gaps in test coverage

Our Automation Framework is organized in a modular and scalable way.

• We use a Page Object Model design pattern

• We have separate modules for test data, test scripts, and test reports

• We use a central configuration file for easy maintenance

• We have a library of reusable functions

• We use version control to manage changes

• We have a clear naming convention for easy identification

Data encapsulation is the concept of bundling data with the methods that operate on that data within a class.

• Data encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing external code from directly modifying it.

• Encapsulation also helps in achieving data abstraction, where the internal details of an object are hidden and only the necessary information is exposed.

• For example, in a class ...read more

Program to find second highest number in an array of strings.

• Convert strings to integers

• Sort the array in descending order

• Return the second element

Questions related to manual testing, Scrum ceremonies, Cypress commands, and basics of JS.

• Regression testing is retesting of previously tested functionality to ensure that changes or fixes have not introduced new defects.

• Retesting is testing of a previously failed test case after the defect has been fixed.

• Creating bugs intentionally is not a good practice. However, one can create test scenarios that have a high probability of finding defects.

• Scrum ceremonies include Sprint Pl...read more

Java program to find duplicate elements in string using an array

• Create an array to store characters

• Loop through the string and check if the character is already in the array

• If it is, then it is a duplicate

• Print out the duplicate characters

To test a smoke detector, use smoke or a smoke spray. To test a thermometer, use ice water and boiling water.

• For smoke detector, use smoke or a smoke spray to check if it triggers the alarm

• For thermometer, use ice water and boiling water to check if it shows accurate temperature readings

• Ensure the smoke detector and thermometer are calibrated properly

• Check the battery life of the smoke detector

• Check the accuracy of the thermometer against a known standard

• For a digital thermom...read more

A bug is a coding error that causes unexpected behavior. A defect is a deviation from the expected behavior.

• A bug is a mistake made by a programmer while writing code.

• A defect is a problem with the software that causes it to behave differently than expected.

• Bugs can be fixed by correcting the code, while defects require a deeper analysis of the software.

• Examples of bugs include syntax errors, logical errors, and runtime errors.

• Examples of defects include incorrect calculation...read more

n-1 in agile refers to the number of testers required to test a feature, where n is the total number of testers.

• n-1 is a formula used to determine the number of testers needed to test a feature in agile development.

• It means that one tester less than the total number of testers is required to test a feature.

• For example, if there are 5 testers in a team, then n-1 would mean that 4 testers are required to test a feature.

• This approach ensures that there is enough coverage and col...read more

Upon receiving a build, I will follow a structured process to ensure thorough testing and validation.

• Review the release notes and requirements to understand the changes and features included in the build

• Create test cases based on the requirements and prioritize them based on criticality

• Execute test cases manually or using automation tools to validate the build

• Report any defects found during testing and work with developers to resolve them

• Perform regression testing to ensure e...read more

A program to find the occurrence of characters in a given string.

• Create an empty dictionary to store the character count.

• Loop through each character in the string.

• If the character is already in the dictionary, increment its count.

• If the character is not in the dictionary, add it with a count of 1.

• Return the dictionary with character counts.

ALIAS command in SQL is used to give a table or column a temporary name.

• ALIAS command is used to create a temporary name for a table or column in a SQL query

• It is often used to make the SQL query more readable and concise

• ALIAS can be used for tables (e.g. SELECT * FROM employees AS e) or columns (e.g. SELECT emp_id AS employee_id FROM employees)

SQL query to find the 3rd highest salary.

• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort the salaries in descending order.

• Use the LIMIT clause to limit the result to the third row.

• Use a subquery to exclude the top two salaries.

• Example: SELECT salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 2,1;

BDD stands for Behavior Driven Development, a software development methodology that focuses on collaboration and communication between stakeholders.

• BDD involves defining the behavior of a system in plain language

• Tests are written in a way that they can be understood by non-technical stakeholders

• BDD frameworks like Cucumber and SpecFlow help in automating tests based on the defined behavior

• BDD helps in ensuring that the software being developed meets the requirements and expec...read more

Different types of exceptions include checked, unchecked, runtime, and custom exceptions.

• Checked exceptions are checked at compile time and must be handled using try-catch or throws keyword.

• Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile time and can be handled using try-catch or left unhandled.

• Runtime exceptions are unchecked exceptions that occur at runtime, such as NullPointerException or ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

• Custom exceptions are user-defined exceptions that ext...read more

The program removes duplicates from a given string using a Set data structure.

• Create a LinkedHashSet to maintain the order of characters while removing duplicates

• Iterate through each character in the input string and add it to the set

• Convert the set back to a string and return the result

I have used Jira, Bugzilla, and HP Quality Center for defect tracking in my projects.

• Jira

• Bugzilla

• HP Quality Center

I have encountered exceptions like NoSuchElementException, ElementNotVisibleException, TimeoutException, StaleElementReferenceException, and InvalidSelectorException.

• NoSuchElementException occurs when an element could not be found in the DOM.

• ElementNotVisibleException is thrown when an element is present in the DOM but not visible on the page.

• TimeoutException is raised when a command does not complete in the specified time.

• StaleElementReferenceException occurs when the elemen...read more

To target an element on a website for automation, use unique identifiers like IDs, classes, XPath, or CSS selectors.

• Use IDs for unique identification

• Use classes for grouping similar elements

• Use XPath for complex element targeting

• Use CSS selectors for styling-based targeting

I have experience in conducting load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing.

• Load testing to assess the system's ability to handle a specific load

• Stress testing to evaluate the system's behavior under extreme conditions

• Scalability testing to determine the system's ability to scale up or down based on demand

Absolute xpath starts from the root element while relative xpath starts from any element in the DOM.

• Absolute xpath starts with a single forward slash (/) and always starts from the root element of the page.

• Relative xpath does not start with a forward slash and can start from any element in the DOM.

• Absolute xpath is more brittle and prone to breaking if the structure of the page changes.

• Relative xpath is more flexible and easier to maintain as it is not dependent on the entire...read more

The command to invoke a browser using Selenium is driver.get("url");

• Use the WebDriver object to open a browser window

• Use the get() method to navigate to a specific URL

• Example: WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.google.com");

No, static methods cannot be overridden in Java.

• Static methods belong to the class itself, not to any specific instance of the class.

• Subclasses can define static methods with the same signature as the parent class, but it is not considered overriding.

• Example: Parent class has a static method 'display()', and subclass also has a static method 'display()', but it is not overriding.

A view in SQL is a virtual table based on the result-set of a SELECT statement.

• Views are used to simplify complex queries by storing them as virtual tables.

• They can be used to restrict access to specific columns or rows of a table.

• Views do not store data themselves, but display data from the tables they are based on.

• Changes made to the underlying tables are reflected in the view.

I would prioritize the bug based on its severity and impact on the system.

• Assess the impact of the bug on the system and users.

• Consult with stakeholders to understand the importance of the functionality affected by the bug.

• Evaluate the resources and time required to fix the bug compared to other high priority issues.

• Document the bug and its impact in detail for future reference.

• Consider creating a workaround or temporary solution if the bug cannot be immediately fixed.

Yes, I have knowledge on monitoring tools.

• I have experience with tools like Nagios, Zabbix, and Prometheus.

• I am familiar with setting up alerts and notifications based on specific metrics.

• I have worked with log monitoring tools like ELK stack and Splunk.

• I have also used APM tools like New Relic and AppDynamics for application performance monitoring.

SAP testing involves various steps including planning, preparation, execution, and reporting. Different systems are used for testing such as SAP Solution Manager, HP Quality Center, and JIRA.

• Planning the testing approach and identifying test scenarios

• Preparing test data and test scripts

• Executing tests and recording results

• Reporting defects and retesting fixes

• Systems used for testing include SAP Solution Manager, HP Quality Center, and JIRA

Unit test case for ATM withdraw and removing duplicates from a string, and writing a post request using RestSharper.

• For ATM withdraw, test if the correct amount is deducted from the account balance

• For removing duplicates from a string, test if the output string has no duplicate characters

• For writing a post request using RestSharper, test if the request is successful and returns the expected response

To create the base of a pyramid using C++, you can use nested loops to print the required number of spaces and asterisks.

• Use nested loops to print spaces before printing the asterisks

• Increment the number of asterisks printed in each row

• Example: for a pyramid with 5 rows, the base would have 9 asterisks in the center row

Verification ensures that the software meets the specified requirements, while validation ensures that the software meets the customer's needs.

• Verification checks if the software is built according to the design specifications.

• Validation checks if the software meets the customer's requirements.

• Verification is done before validation.

• Verification includes reviews, walkthroughs, and inspections.

• Validation includes testing, user acceptance testing, and beta testing.

TestNG annotations are used to control the flow of test methods and provide additional information about the test methods.

• TestNG annotations are used to mark methods as test methods, setup methods, teardown methods, etc.

• Annotations like @Test, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite are commonly used in TestNG framework.

• Annotations help in organizing and prioritizing test methods, setting dependencies between test methods, and control...read more

Query to find employees with salary greater than average salary

• Calculate the average salary of all employees

• Retrieve all employees with salary greater than the average salary

• Use SQL query: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees)

I would analyze the defect, prioritize it based on severity, communicate with the development team, and work on fixing it promptly.

• Analyze the defect to understand the root cause

• Prioritize the defect based on severity and impact on the customer

• Communicate with the development team to discuss the defect and potential solutions

• Work on fixing the defect promptly to ensure customer satisfaction

Overriding is a concept in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass.

• Overriding allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass

• It is used in automation frameworks to customize or extend the functionality of existing methods or classes

• In automation testing, overriding can be used to modify the behavior of test methods inheri...read more

Base24 is an internal message format used in financial transactions.

• Base24 is a binary-coded decimal (BCD) format.

• It is used for financial transactions such as ATM withdrawals and credit card payments.

• Each message is made up of a header, a body, and a trailer.

• The header contains information about the message, such as the message type and the sender.

• The body contains the actual data being transmitted.

• The trailer contains information about the message, such as a checksum to ens...read more

MTI stands for Machine Translation Interface. It is a software tool used to translate text from one language to another.

• MTI is used to translate text from one language to another

• It is a software tool that uses machine learning algorithms to improve translation accuracy

• MTI is commonly used in the localization industry to translate software and websites

• Examples of MTI tools include Google Translate and Microsoft Translator

API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications. WebService is a type of API that uses XML to exchange data over the internet.

• API stands for Application Programming Interface

• API is a set of protocols and tools for building software applications

• WebService is a type of API that uses XML to exchange data over the internet

• WebService is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network

• APIs can be used to access...read more