Wipro Senior Software Engineer 2 Interview Questions and Answers

Berribot test with AI by asking questions on various application level and providing a code snippet to find the longest common prefix in a string array.

Q1. Introduction on self
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Q2. What are the key features of Java 8 that facilitate coding with streams?
Ans. 
Java 8 features like lambda expressions and functional interfaces make coding with streams easier and more efficient.
• Lambda expressions allow for concise and readable code when working with streams.

• Functional interfaces like Predicate, Function, and Consumer can be used with streams to perform operations on elements.

• Stream API provides methods like map, filter, and reduce for processing collections of data in a declara...read more
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Q3. What is the purpose of Optional in Java 8, and which methods are commonly used with it?
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Optional in Java 8 is used to represent a value that may or may not be present, reducing the chances of NullPointerException.
• Optional is used to avoid NullPointerException by explicitly stating whether a value is present or not.

• Commonly used methods with Optional include isPresent(), get(), orElse(), orElseGet(), and map().

• Example: Optional<String> optionalString = Optional.ofNullable("Hello");
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Q4. What is multiple inheritance, and how is it achieved?
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Multiple inheritance is a feature in object-oriented programming where a class can inherit attributes and methods from more than one parent class.
• Allows a class to inherit from multiple parent classes, combining their attributes and methods

• Can lead to the diamond problem where ambiguity arises if two parent classes have a method with the same name

• Achieved in languages like C++ using virtual inheritance or interfaces in...read more
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Q5. What are the steps to write an immutable class?
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Steps to write an immutable class
• Make the class final so it cannot be extended

• Make all fields private and final

• Do not provide setter methods for the fields

• Ensure that any mutable objects within the class are also immutable

• If a mutable object must be returned, make a deep copy before returning it
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Q6. Design patterns :Singleton and factory
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Q7. What are the different types of dependency injection?
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Types of dependency injection include constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.
• Constructor injection: Dependencies are provided through a class's constructor.

• Setter injection: Dependencies are provided through setter methods.

• Interface injection: Dependencies are provided through an interface method.
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Q8. @primary vs @qualifier
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In Spring framework, @primary is used to specify the primary bean to be autowired, while @qualifier is used to specify a specific bean to be autowired.
• Use @Primary when there are multiple beans of the same type and you want to specify the primary one to be autowired.

• Use @Qualifier when you want to specify a specific bean to be autowired by its name.

• Example: @Primary annotation can be used on a bean definition to mark i...read more
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Q9. What is transaction management in Spring Boot applications?
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Transaction management in Spring Boot ensures data integrity by managing database transactions.
• Spring Boot uses @Transactional annotation to manage transactions

• It ensures that all operations within a transaction are completed successfully or rolled back if an error occurs

• Transactions can be managed programmatically using TransactionTemplate

• Supports different transaction isolation levels like READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_...read more
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Q10. What are the different isolation levels in transactions and how do propagation types work?
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Isolation levels in transactions determine the degree to which transactions are isolated from each other. Propagation types define how transactions are propagated between different components.
• Isolation levels include READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, and SERIALIZABLE.

• Propagation types include REQUIRED, REQUIRES_NEW, SUPPORTS, MANDATORY, and NEVER.

• Isolation levels control the visibility of changes made ...read more
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Q11. What are the different design patterns used in microservice architecture?
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Design patterns in microservice architecture help in solving common design problems and improving scalability, maintainability, and flexibility.
• Service Registry pattern - used for service discovery and registration

• Circuit Breaker pattern - used for fault tolerance and resilience

• API Gateway pattern - used for routing and load balancing

• Saga pattern - used for managing distributed transactions

• Event Sourcing pattern - used...read more
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Q12. How does inter-service communication work in microservices?
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Inter-service communication in microservices involves using protocols like HTTP, gRPC, or messaging queues.
• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs using protocols like HTTP or gRPC.

• Message queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka can be used for asynchronous communication between services.

• Service discovery tools like Consul or Eureka help services locate each other dynamically.

• API gateways can be used to manage and...read more
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Q13. How does fault tolerance work in microservices?
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Fault tolerance in microservices ensures system reliability by handling failures gracefully.
• Microservices architecture breaks down applications into smaller, independent services.

• Each microservice is designed to be resilient to failures and can continue to operate even if one service fails.

• Fault tolerance is achieved through redundancy, monitoring, and graceful degradation.

• Examples of fault tolerance mechanisms include...read more
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Q14. How does Apache Kafka work?
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Apache Kafka is a distributed streaming platform that allows for the publishing and subscribing to streams of records.
• Apache Kafka is designed to be highly scalable and fault-tolerant.

• It uses a distributed commit log to store messages.

• Producers publish messages to topics, and consumers subscribe to topics to receive messages.

• Kafka can be used for real-time stream processing, data pipelines, and event sourcing.

• It provid...read more
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Q15. What is the difference between RestTemplate and Feign Client?
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RestTemplate is a synchronous client for making HTTP requests, while Feign Client is a declarative HTTP client that simplifies making API calls.
• RestTemplate is part of the Spring framework and requires manual configuration for each request.

• Feign Client is a declarative client that uses annotations to define API endpoints and parameters.

• RestTemplate is synchronous, blocking the calling thread until the response is recei...read more
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Q1. General managerial questions focusing on projects worked as well as testing and deployment strategies used
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Q1. General managerial questions
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Q1. Normal HR Questions like why leaving job ,notice period ,expectations
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Q1. Core Java Basics
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Q2. Spring Core concepts
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Q1. System design, protocols
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Q1. Project brief past experiences
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Q2. Debugging skils
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Effective debugging skills involve systematic problem-solving, critical thinking, and familiarity with tools and techniques.
• Understand the problem: Clearly define the issue before diving into code. For example, if a function returns an unexpected value, identify the expected vs. actual output.

• Reproduce the bug: Create a minimal test case that consistently triggers the bug. This helps isolate the problem.

• Use debugging t...read more
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Q1. What is docker and containerization
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Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers, which are lightweight, portable, and isolated environments.
• Docker is a tool that allows you to package an application and its dependencies into a standardized unit called a container.

• Containers are isolated environments that contain everything needed to run the application, including code, runtime, system tools, libraries, and settin...read more
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Q2. What is Jenkins and CI/CD pipeline
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Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines.
• Jenkins is used to automate the building, testing, and deployment of software projects.

• CI/CD pipelines in Jenkins help in automating the software delivery process by integrating code changes frequently and delivering them to production.

• Jenkins allows for the creation of pipelines that define the ...read more
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Q3. What Git and Github
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Git is a version control system used for tracking changes in code, while GitHub is a platform for hosting Git repositories and collaborating on code.
• Git is a distributed version control system that allows multiple developers to work on the same codebase without conflicts.

• GitHub is a web-based platform that provides tools for code collaboration, including issue tracking, pull requests, and code reviews.

• Git and GitHub ar...read more
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I cannot share specifics, but it is indeed a problem of medium difficulty level on LeetCode.

Q1. Can't discuss here
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