30+ HCLTech Interview Questions and Answers

The number of rungs submerged in water on a high tide depends on the height of the tide.

• The higher the tide, the more rungs will be submerged

• The depth of the water at the location of the boat also affects the number of submerged rungs

• The shape and size of the boat can also impact the number of submerged rungs

Primary market is where new securities are issued, while secondary market is where already issued securities are traded.

• Primary market deals with new securities issuance

• Secondary market deals with already issued securities trading

• Primary market is where companies raise capital through IPOs

• Secondary market is where investors buy and sell securities among themselves

• Primary market is less liquid than secondary market

A range of questions from chess to drug efficacy testing and statistical concepts.

• The chess world is currently dealing with the issue of detecting cheaters in online games through the use of algorithms and data analysis.

• Drug efficacy testing involves conducting clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of a drug in treating a specific condition.

• Linear regression assumes a linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables and that the errors are normally...read more

BSE and NSE are two major stock exchanges in India. Their indexes are calculated differently.

• BSE is the oldest stock exchange in Asia while NSE is the largest in terms of market capitalization

• BSE index is calculated based on the market capitalization of the companies listed on it while NSE index is calculated based on the free-float market capitalization

• BSE index is called Sensex while NSE index is called Nifty

• Sensex has 30 companies while Nifty has 50 companies

Various means of power generation and their efficiency

• Renewable sources like solar and wind have high efficiency

• Fossil fuels like coal and gas have lower efficiency

• Nuclear power has high efficiency but also poses safety concerns

• Hydroelectric power has high efficiency but requires specific geographical conditions

• Efficiency also depends on the technology used for power generation

The phrase 'we accept the null hypothesis' is not used because it implies the null hypothesis is true.

• The null hypothesis is assumed to be true until proven otherwise

• We can only reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis

• Accepting the null hypothesis implies it is true, which is not necessarily the case

A balance sheet comprises of assets, liabilities, and equity.

• A balance sheet is a financial statement that shows a company's financial position at a specific point in time.

• Assets are resources owned by the company, such as cash, inventory, and property.

• Liabilities are obligations owed by the company, such as loans and accounts payable.

• Equity represents the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting liabilities.

• The balance sheet equation is Assets = Liabili...read more

GDP measures the value of goods and services produced within a country's borders, while GNP measures the value produced by a country's residents, regardless of location.

• GDP measures the economic output of a country within its borders

• GNP measures the economic output of a country's residents, regardless of location

• GDP includes foreign residents and businesses within the country's borders

• GNP includes the country's residents and businesses, regardless of location

• GDP is used to me...read more

Possible problems and solutions

• Possible problems include technical issues, communication breakdowns, and resource constraints.

• To remediate technical issues, ensure proper maintenance and regular updates.

• To address communication breakdowns, establish clear lines of communication and encourage open dialogue.

• To overcome resource constraints, prioritize tasks and allocate resources effectively.

• Regular monitoring and evaluation can help identify and address problems before they es...read more

Investment banks help companies and governments raise money by issuing and selling securities.

• Investment banks act as intermediaries between issuers of securities and investors.

• They help companies and governments raise capital by underwriting securities offerings.

• They also provide advisory services for mergers and acquisitions, and other financial transactions.

• Investment banks may also engage in trading and market-making activities.

• Examples of investment banks include Goldman...read more

The present inflation rate varies by country and region.

• In the United States, the inflation rate was 5.4% in July 2021.

• In India, the inflation rate was 5.59% in July 2021.

• In the Eurozone, the inflation rate was 2.2% in July 2021.

• Inflation rates can be affected by factors such as supply and demand, government policies, and global events.

I invest in IPOs based on the company's financials, market demand, and industry trends.

• Research the company's financials and growth potential

• Analyze market demand for the company's products/services

• Consider industry trends and competition

• Evaluate the management team and their track record

• Assess the IPO valuation and potential for future growth

• Diversify your portfolio to manage risk

• Examples: Airbnb, Snowflake, DoorDash

Credit card companies make money through interest charges, fees, and merchant fees.

• Interest charges on balances carried over from month to month

• Fees such as annual fees, late payment fees, and balance transfer fees

• Merchant fees charged to businesses for accepting credit card payments

• Rewards programs funded by interchange fees paid by merchants

• Foreign transaction fees for purchases made outside of the card's home country

The recent recession was caused by a combination of factors including the housing market crash, high levels of debt, and global economic instability.

• Housing market crash led to a decrease in consumer spending and investment

• High levels of debt made it difficult for individuals and businesses to borrow money

• Global economic instability, including the European debt crisis, affected international trade and investment

• Government policies and regulations also played a role in the rec...read more

Torque is the twisting force that causes rotation. Iron has greater torque than Al due to its higher magnetic properties.

• Torque is a measure of the twisting force that causes rotation.

• It is calculated as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.

• Iron has greater torque than Al due to its higher magnetic properties.

• This is because magnetic materials like iron have a greater tendency to align themselves with...read more

Chemical engineering has applications in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, energy, and materials.

• Designing and optimizing chemical processes

• Developing new materials and products

• Improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact

• Designing and operating chemical plants

• Developing and testing new drugs and therapies

• Creating new food products and improving food safety

• Developing new sources of energy and improving existing ones

Food prices are influenced by various factors beyond inflation rate.

• Food prices are affected by supply and demand factors.

• Transportation and storage costs also impact food prices.

• Weather conditions and natural disasters can affect crop yields and prices.

• Government policies and subsidies can also impact food prices.

• Consumer preferences and trends can also influence food prices.

• Inflation rate may not accurately reflect the cost of food items.

• For example, the cost of vegetables ...read more

It depends on the context and purpose of the study.

• Multiple hypothesis testing can increase the risk of false positives.

• It may be necessary in certain fields such as genomics.

• Adjusting for multiple comparisons can help control the false discovery rate.

• Consider the cost-benefit of multiple testing correction.

• Consult with a statistician to determine the appropriate approach.

India's current inflation rate is high while GDP growth rate is low. Fiscal deficit is also a concern.

• Inflation rate is currently at 6.26% as of June 2021

• GDP growth rate for FY 2020-21 was -7.7%

• Fiscal deficit for FY 2020-21 was 9.3% of GDP

• COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy

Hypothesis testing is a statistical method used to determine whether a hypothesis about a population is likely to be true or not.

• It involves formulating a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis

• A sample is taken from the population and data is collected

• The data is analyzed using statistical tests to determine the probability of obtaining the observed results if the null hypothesis is true

• If the probability is low, the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternat...read more

Upgrade Elasticsearch without downtime

• Create a new Elasticsearch cluster with the latest version

• Configure the new cluster to replicate data from the old cluster

• Gradually move traffic to the new cluster

• Monitor the replication progress and ensure data consistency

• Once all traffic is on the new cluster, decommission the old cluster

Max likelihood estimation is a statistical method used to estimate the parameters of a probability distribution.

• It assumes that the observed data is generated from a specific probability distribution.

• The method estimates the parameters of the distribution that maximize the likelihood of observing the data.

• It is commonly used in fields such as finance, engineering, and biology to make predictions based on observed data.

• For example, it can be used to estimate the probability of...read more

Rules of Debit and Credit are the fundamental principles of double-entry accounting.

• Debit refers to the left-hand side of an account and Credit refers to the right-hand side.

• Debit increases assets and expenses, while Credit increases liabilities, equity, and revenue.

• Every transaction must have equal Debit and Credit amounts to maintain the balance sheet.

• Examples: Debit - Cash, Expenses; Credit - Accounts Payable, Revenue.

Negative inflation rate can lead to deflation and economic instability.

• Deflation can lead to decreased consumer spending and business investment.

• It can also lead to job losses and decreased economic growth.

• Countries with negative inflation rates may struggle to pay off debt.

• Central banks may implement policies to increase inflation rates.

• Examples of countries with negative inflation rates include Japan and Switzerland.

Defaulting is the failure to fulfill a financial obligation or debt repayment.

• Defaulting occurs when a borrower fails to make timely payments on a loan or debt.

• It can result in penalties, fees, and damage to the borrower's credit score.

• Examples include defaulting on a mortgage, car loan, or credit card debt.

• Defaulting can also refer to the failure to meet contractual obligations in other areas, such as defaulting on a lease agreement.

Using 5 zeros, make 120.

• Use factorials: 5! = 120

• Use mathematical operations: 0! + 0! + 0! + 0! + 0! + 120 = 120

• Use binary: 0b1111000 = 120

• Use hexadecimal: 0x78 = 120

Elasticsearch data structure is a document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in JSON format.

• Elasticsearch uses a data structure called an inverted index to enable fast searching of data.

• Documents are stored in JSON format and are organized into indices, which are similar to tables in a relational database.

• Each document has a unique ID and can contain multiple fields, which can be searched and filtered using Elasticsearch's query language.

• Elasticsearch also supports sha...read more

Elasticsearch uses inverted index to search for documents based on query terms.

• Elasticsearch breaks down the query into terms and looks for documents containing those terms.

• It uses inverted index to map terms to documents.

• Relevance score is calculated based on term frequency and inverse document frequency.

• Search can be customized using various parameters like filters, aggregations, etc.

Sub-prime crisis was a financial crisis caused by the default of sub-prime mortgages in the US in 2007-08.

• Sub-prime mortgages were given to borrowers with poor credit history and high risk of default.

• Banks packaged these mortgages into securities and sold them to investors, who suffered huge losses when borrowers defaulted.

• The crisis led to a global credit crunch, recession, and government bailouts of banks.

• It exposed flaws in the financial system and regulatory oversight, an...read more