20+ Interview Questions and Answers

Debugging errors involves identifying the root cause and using appropriate methods to resolve it.

• Start by reproducing the error and gathering relevant information

• Use debugging tools like logs, stack traces, and breakpoints to identify the root cause

• Once the root cause is identified, use appropriate methods like code changes or configuration updates to resolve the error

• Test the solution thoroughly to ensure it does not cause any new errors

Communication between pods in different namespaces is possible through services or network policies.

• Use services to allow communication between pods in different namespaces

• Create network policies to control traffic flow between pods in different namespaces

• Ensure proper DNS resolution for pods in different namespaces

DevOps is a software development methodology that emphasizes collaboration and communication between development and operations teams.

• DevOps involves continuous integration, delivery, and deployment

• Phases of DevOps include planning, coding, building, testing, releasing, deploying, operating, and monitoring

• DevOps tools include Git, Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes, and more

Explanation of OOPs and Array with an example

• OOPs is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities

• Array is a collection of similar data types stored in contiguous memory locations

• Example: A car object in OOPs can have properties like color, model, and methods like start, stop

• Example: An array of integers [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] can be used to perform mathematical operations

Our company follows a CICD flow that includes automated testing, code review, and deployment to production.

• Code changes are pushed to version control system (e.g. Git)

• Automated tests are run to ensure code quality and functionality

• Code is reviewed by peers before merging to main branch

• Continuous integration server (e.g. Jenkins) builds and tests the code

• Artifacts are generated and deployed to staging environment for further testing

• If tests pass in staging, code is deployed to...read more

Git is a distributed version control system used for tracking changes in source code during software development.

• Allows multiple developers to collaborate on a project

• Tracks changes made to files over time

• Enables branching and merging of code

• Facilitates code review and collaboration

• Popular platforms like GitHub and Bitbucket use Git

Maven is the build tool used in our organization.

• Maven is a popular build automation tool primarily used for Java projects.

• It helps in managing dependencies, building projects, and generating reports.

• Some other build tools include Gradle, Ant, and Make.

Docker is used to create container images that can be run as pods in Kubernetes.

• Docker is used to create lightweight, portable container images that contain all the dependencies needed to run an application.

• Kubernetes (k8s) is a container orchestration platform that manages the deployment, scaling, and operation of containerized applications.

• By creating Docker images, developers can package their applications and dependencies into a single unit that can be easily deployed and...read more

The stages in a CI pipeline typically include code checkout, build, test, deploy, and release.

• Code checkout: Pulling the latest code from the repository

• Build: Compiling the code and generating artifacts

• Test: Running automated tests to ensure code quality

• Deploy: Deploying the application to a testing environment

• Release: Promoting the application to production

A service account is a special type of Google account that belongs to your application or a virtual machine (VM), instead of to an individual end user.

• Service accounts are used to authenticate and authorize applications and VMs to access Google Cloud Platform services.

• They are commonly used in DevOps for automation tasks and accessing cloud resources.

• Service accounts are created and managed in the Google Cloud Console.

• They provide a way to securely authenticate applications w...read more

NACL is a stateless firewall for controlling traffic at the subnet level, while Security Groups are stateful firewalls for controlling traffic at the instance level.

• NACL operates at the subnet level, while Security Groups operate at the instance level

• NACL is stateless, meaning it does not keep track of the state of connections, while Security Groups are stateful and keep track of connections

• NACL rules are evaluated in order, with the first rule that matches being applied, whi...read more

K8s, short for Kubernetes, is an open-source container orchestration platform used for automating deployment, scaling, and managing containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is used to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• It provides a platform for automating the operation of application containers across clusters of hosts.

• K8s helps in ensuring high availability, load balancing, and self-healing capabilities for applications.

• It allows for...read more

Service Connection in Azure DevOps is a secure way to connect to external services or systems.

• Service connections are used to securely connect Azure DevOps to external services like Azure, GitHub, or Jenkins.

• They store the credentials and details needed to connect to the external service.

• Service connections can be used in pipelines to trigger actions or deployments in external services.

• They help in maintaining a secure and centralized way to manage connections to external ser...read more

Setting up CI/CD for automation involves configuring pipelines to automate the build, test, and deployment processes.

• Choose a CI/CD tool like Jenkins, GitLab CI, or CircleCI

• Create a pipeline script to define the stages of the CI/CD process

• Integrate with version control system to trigger builds on code changes

• Automate testing using tools like Selenium, JUnit, or pytest

• Deploy artifacts to production environment using tools like Ansible, Docker, or Kubernetes

Software development life cycle is a process of planning, designing, developing, testing, deploying, and maintaining software.

• SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables.

• SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

• The choice of model depends on the project requirements and constraints.

• SDLC ensures that software is developed efficiently,...read more

I have worked on various tools related to DevOps.

• I have experience with configuration management tools like Ansible and Chef.

• I have worked with containerization tools like Docker and Kubernetes.

• I have used monitoring tools like Nagios and Prometheus.

• I have experience with version control tools like Git and SVN.

• I have worked with continuous integration and deployment tools like Jenkins and Travis CI.

DevOps is a software development methodology that combines software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops) to improve collaboration and efficiency.

• DevOps aims to automate and streamline the software development process, from code development to deployment and monitoring.

• It emphasizes communication and collaboration between development and operations teams to increase efficiency and reduce errors.

• DevOps practices include continuous integration, continuous delivery, infrast...read more

DevOps is a software development methodology that combines software development (Dev) with IT operations (Ops) to shorten the systems development life cycle.

• DevOps focuses on collaboration, automation, and integration between developers and IT operations teams.

• Continuous Integration (CI) is the practice of merging code changes into a shared repository frequently, which triggers automated builds and tests.

• Continuous Deployment (CD) is the practice of automatically deploying co...read more

DevOps engineers are responsible for bridging the gap between development and operations teams to streamline the software delivery process.

• Collaborate with developers, IT operations, and other stakeholders to automate and improve the software delivery process

• Implement and manage continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines

• Monitor and troubleshoot infrastructure and applications to ensure high availability and performance

• Utilize tools like Docker, Kubernetes,...read more

EBS is block storage for EC2 instances, while S3 is object storage for files and data.

• EBS is attached to EC2 instances as block storage, while S3 is standalone object storage.

• EBS volumes are persistent and can only be attached to one EC2 instance at a time, while S3 is highly scalable and can be accessed by multiple instances.

• EBS is used for databases, file systems, and applications that require low-latency access to data, while S3 is commonly used for backups, data archiving...read more

Bash is a Unix shell and command language used in DevOps for scripting and automation tasks.

• Bash is a command processor that typically runs in a text window where the user types commands that cause actions.

• It is commonly used in DevOps for writing scripts to automate tasks such as deployment, configuration, and monitoring.

• Bash scripts can be used to execute a series of commands in sequence, handle errors, and perform conditional logic.

• It allows for variables, loops, functions...read more

My Btech project was on developing a web-based application for online shopping.

• Developed using PHP and MySQL

• Implemented features like user registration, product search, cart management, and payment gateway integration

• Used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for frontend development

• Conducted testing and debugging to ensure smooth functioning

• Received an A grade for the project

Jenkins is an open-source automation server used for continuous integration and continuous delivery.

• Jenkins is based on a master-slave architecture where the master node manages the configuration and distribution of tasks to the slave nodes.

• It supports plugins that extend its functionality, allowing integration with various tools and technologies.

• Jenkins pipelines allow for defining complex build and deployment workflows as code.

• Jenkins can be integrated with version control ...read more

Blob storage is a type of cloud storage that stores unstructured data as blobs (binary large objects).

• Blob storage is commonly used for storing large amounts of unstructured data, such as images, videos, documents, backups, and logs.

• Blobs can be accessed over HTTP or HTTPS, making it easy to integrate with web applications.

• Blob storage is scalable and durable, with built-in redundancy and high availability.

• Examples of blob storage services include Amazon S3, Azure Blob Storag...read more

Azure Pipelines is a cloud-based service for automating build and deployment processes.

• Azure Pipelines allows for continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) of code.

• It supports building, testing, and deploying code across different platforms and languages.

• Azure Pipelines integrates with various version control systems like GitHub, Bitbucket, and Azure Repos.

• It provides customizable workflows using YAML or visual designer.

• Azure Pipelines can be used for automating ...read more

A sample pipeline for a DevOps Engineer role

• Set up a source code repository (e.g. GitHub)

• Implement a CI/CD tool (e.g. Jenkins)

• Define stages for build, test, and deployment

• Integrate automated testing (e.g. Selenium)

• Deploy to a staging environment for validation

• Automate deployment to production

Kubernetes is essential for container orchestration, scaling, and managing applications in a cloud-native environment.

• Kubernetes automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• It provides features like self-healing, load balancing, and rolling updates for applications.

• Kubernetes helps in achieving high availability, fault tolerance, and efficient resource utilization.

• It allows for easy scaling of applications based on demand, reducing operational ...read more

Remote work preferred, open to relocation for the right opportunity

• Open to relocation for the right opportunity

• Prefer remote work for flexibility

• Consideration for work-life balance