100+ Cloud Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Best practices for Authentication and Authorization in web applications

• Use strong encryption for storing passwords

• Implement multi-factor authentication for added security

• Regularly update and patch authentication systems

• Implement role-based access control to restrict user permissions

• Use secure protocols like HTTPS for data transmission

Query to find employees with middle name 'Mohan' and salary over 2 lac.

• Use SELECT statement to retrieve data from employee table

• Use WHERE clause to filter employees with middle name 'Mohan' and salary over 2 lac

• Example: SELECT * FROM employee WHERE middle_name = 'Mohan' AND salary > 200000

AWS is used for cloud computing, storage, and database management.

• AWS provides scalable and cost-effective solutions for businesses and organizations.

• It is used for hosting websites, running applications, and storing data.

• AWS offers a wide range of services including EC2, S3, RDS, and Lambda.

• It is used by companies like Netflix, Airbnb, and NASA.

• AWS is also used for disaster recovery, backup, and data analytics.

Some of the best monitoring tools in Cloud providers include AWS CloudWatch, Google Stackdriver, and Azure Monitor.

• AWS CloudWatch provides monitoring for AWS resources and applications, with features like customizable dashboards, alarms, and logs.

• Google Stackdriver offers monitoring, logging, and diagnostics for Google Cloud Platform, as well as AWS and Azure.

• Azure Monitor provides monitoring and analytics for applications and infrastructure on Azure, with features like metri...read more

Use Python to read a txt file and convert its contents into structured data.

• Open the txt file using the 'open' function in Python.

• Read the contents of the file using the 'read' method.

• Parse the data into structured format such as dictionaries or lists.

Blue-Green deployments involve switching between two identical production environments to minimize downtime and risk.

• Blue-Green deployments involve having two identical production environments - one 'blue' and one 'green'.

• During a deployment, traffic is routed to one environment (e.g. blue) while the other environment (e.g. green) is updated with new code or changes.

• Once the green environment is updated and tested, traffic is switched to the green environment, making it the n...read more

VPC and subnets are used to create isolated network environments in the cloud. Firewalls are used to control network traffic.

• VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) allows users to create their own virtual network in the cloud, providing isolation and control over network resources.

• Subnets are subdivisions of a VPC and allow for further segmentation and organization of resources.

• Firewalls are used to enforce security policies and control inbound and outbound network traffic.

• Firewalls can...read more

The end to end process for migrating a physical machine to the cloud involves several steps.

• Assess the physical machine's compatibility with the cloud environment

• Choose a cloud provider and create an account

• Select the appropriate cloud service and instance type

• Create a virtual machine image of the physical machine

• Upload the image to the cloud provider

• Configure the virtual machine and network settings

• Test the migrated machine for functionality and performance

• Redirect traffic t...read more

I would use analogies and simple language to explain technical concepts to non-technical people.

• Use analogies to relate technical concepts to everyday experiences

• Avoid using technical jargon and use simple language

• Provide visual aids such as diagrams or flowcharts

• Encourage questions and feedback to ensure understanding

• Use real-life examples to illustrate technical concepts

Determine if a subset of integers in an array sums to a given target N using dynamic programming or recursion.

• Dynamic Programming: Use a 2D array to store results of subproblems, where dp[i][j] indicates if a sum j can be formed with the first i elements.

• Recursive Approach: Implement a recursive function that explores including or excluding each element to find the target sum.

• Example: For array [3, 34, 4, 12, 5, 2] and target N=9, the subset [4, 5] sums to 9, so return true.

• B...read more

I would access Jenkins logs and use command line interface to analyze previous jobs.

• Access Jenkins logs to gather information on previous jobs

• Use command line interface to view job status and output

• Check job history to identify any issues or errors

• Use Jenkins API to retrieve job information

• Consider restoring a backup of the Jenkins server if necessary

Yes, you can increase the size of the root volume without shutting down the instance.

• To increase the size of the root volume, you can use the AWS Management Console, AWS CLI, or AWS SDKs.

• For example, using the AWS CLI, you can use the 'modify-instance-attribute' command to modify the 'BlockDeviceMappings' attribute of the instance.

• You can specify the new size for the root volume and apply the changes without requiring a shutdown.

• After modifying the root volume size, you may n...read more

Yes, it is possible to install Docker inside Docker using a feature called Docker-in-Docker (DinD).

• Docker-in-Docker (DinD) allows you to run a Docker container inside another Docker container.

• It is commonly used for testing and development environments where nested containers are required.

• To enable DinD, you need to mount the Docker socket inside the container and run the container with the necessary privileges.

• Keep in mind that running Docker inside Docker can have performan...read more

To connect to EC2 without the pem file, create a new key pair, associate it with the instance, and then connect using the new key pair.

• Create a new key pair in the EC2 console or using the AWS CLI.

• Stop the EC2 instance for which the pem file is lost.

• Detach the root volume from the instance.

• Launch a new EC2 instance and associate the detached root volume with it.

• Create a new key pair and associate it with the new instance.

• Start the new instance and connect using the new key pa...read more

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet.

• Cloud computing allows users to access and use computing resources on-demand, such as storage, processing power, and software applications.

• It eliminates the need for physical infrastructure and provides scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness.

• Examples include cloud storage services like Dropbox, cloud-based productivity tools like Google Docs, and cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

Interpreted languages are executed directly, while compiled languages are translated into machine code before execution.

• Interpreted languages are easier to debug and modify.

• Compiled languages are faster and more efficient.

• Examples of interpreted languages include Python and JavaScript.

• Examples of compiled languages include C++ and Java.

Linux is preferred over Windows in high security systems due to its open-source nature, strong security features, and minimal attack surface.

• Linux is open-source, allowing for greater transparency and customization to meet security needs.

• Linux has a strong permission system, making it easier to control access to sensitive data and resources.

• Linux has a smaller attack surface compared to Windows, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities being exploited.

• Linux distributions like Cen...read more

Secure web application traffic by using HTTPS, implementing firewalls, and regularly updating security patches.

• Implement HTTPS to encrypt data transmitted between the web application and users

• Use firewalls to monitor and control incoming and outgoing traffic

• Regularly update security patches to protect against vulnerabilities

• Implement multi-factor authentication for added security

• Utilize web application firewalls to protect against common web application attacks

AWS is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide range of services for computing, storage, and databases.

• AWS stands for Amazon Web Services

• It offers services like EC2, S3, RDS, Lambda, etc.

• AWS provides a pay-as-you-go pricing model

• It has a global infrastructure with data centers in multiple regions

• AWS offers security and compliance features like IAM, KMS, and CloudTrail

A program to convert a string into uppercase and lowercase.

• Use built-in functions like toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() to convert the string.

• Iterate through each character of the string and convert it to uppercase or lowercase accordingly.

• Ensure to handle special characters and spaces appropriately.

Python is versatile, easy to learn, has a large community support, and is widely used in cloud computing.

• Versatile - Python can be used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.

• Easy to learn - Python has a simple syntax and is beginner-friendly.

• Large community support - Python has a vast community of developers who contribute libraries and resources.

• Widely used in cloud computing - Python is commonly used for automation, scripting, and building cl...read more

Developed a cloud-based data analytics platform using Python and AWS services

• Used AWS Lambda functions for serverless computing

• Implemented data processing pipelines with AWS Glue and S3

• Utilized Python libraries like Pandas and NumPy for data analysis

I implemented fault tolerance in AWS by using multiple Availability Zones, auto-scaling groups, and load balancers.

• Utilized multiple Availability Zones to ensure redundancy and minimize downtime in case of failures in one zone

• Implemented auto-scaling groups to automatically adjust capacity based on traffic patterns and maintain performance

• Configured load balancers to distribute traffic evenly across instances and prevent overload on any single instance

Implementing security and compliance in cloud involves best practices, tools, and frameworks to protect data and meet regulations.

• Use Identity and Access Management (IAM) to control user permissions and roles, ensuring least privilege access.

• Implement encryption for data at rest and in transit, using services like AWS KMS or Azure Key Vault.

• Regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability assessments to identify and mitigate risks.

• Utilize cloud-native security tools, such ...read more

AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud differ in services, pricing, and target markets, catering to diverse cloud computing needs.

• AWS offers a vast range of services, including EC2 for computing and S3 for storage, making it suitable for large enterprises.

• Azure integrates seamlessly with Microsoft products, providing strong support for hybrid cloud solutions and enterprise applications.

• Google Cloud excels in data analytics and machine learning, with services like BigQuery and TensorFlo...read more

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) automates infrastructure management using code, enabling consistent and repeatable deployments.

• Version Control: IaC allows infrastructure configurations to be stored in version control systems like Git, enabling collaboration and tracking changes.

• Automation: Tools like Terraform and AWS CloudFormation automate the provisioning and management of cloud resources, reducing manual errors.

• Consistency: IaC ensures that environments are consistent across...read more

APIs enable seamless communication between cloud services and applications, enhancing functionality and integration.

• APIs allow developers to interact with cloud services programmatically, such as AWS SDK for accessing AWS resources.

• They facilitate integration between different cloud services, like using Google Cloud Functions to trigger actions in Firebase.

• APIs support automation by enabling scripts to manage cloud resources, such as using Azure CLI for resource deployment.

• RE...read more