90+ AWS Cloud Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

DDOS attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt normal traffic of a targeted server or network by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic.

• DDOS stands for Distributed Denial of Service

• Attackers use multiple devices to send a huge amount of traffic to the target server or network

• It can cause the server or network to crash or become unavailable to legitimate users

• Prevention measures include using firewalls, load balancers, and DDOS mitigation services

Interview questions for AWS Cloud Engineer including Python basics, OOP concepts, and video editing skills.

• Differentiate between C and Python

• Rate yourself in Python

• Types of data types in Python

• Difference between list and tuple in Python

• Number of operators in Python

• Object-oriented programming concepts

• Example of inheritance in Python

• Polymorphism in Python

• Program to print even numbers from 0-100 in Python

• Video editing skills using CyberLink PowerDirector 15 Ultimate

NAT gateway is a managed service that allows instances in a private subnet to connect to the internet.

• NAT gateway acts as a gateway for instances in a private subnet to access the internet.

• It provides a public IP address to instances in the private subnet.

• It helps in controlling the inbound and outbound traffic for instances in the private subnet.

• It is used in scenarios where instances in a private subnet need to access the internet but do not have a public IP address.

• It is a...read more

DR stands for Disaster Recovery. It involves implementing strategies and procedures to ensure business continuity in the event of a disaster.

• DR is the process of preparing for and recovering from a disaster that affects the availability of IT infrastructure and services.

• It includes creating backup systems, replicating data, and establishing failover mechanisms.

• DR plans should be regularly tested and updated to ensure effectiveness.

• AWS provides various services like AWS Backup...read more

There are 3 availability zones in Mumbai and 2 in Hyderabad regions.

• Mumbai region has 3 availability zones named ap-south-1a, ap-south-1b, and ap-south-1c.

• Hyderabad region has 2 availability zones named ap-south-2a and ap-south-2b.

• Availability zones are distinct locations within a region that are engineered to be isolated from failures in other availability zones.

To connect on-prem to VPC, use VPN or Direct Connect.

• Create a virtual private gateway in VPC

• Create a customer gateway on-premises

• Create a VPN connection or Direct Connect

• Configure routing tables to allow traffic between on-prem and VPC

Use the AWS CLI or SDK to upload large files to S3 by enabling multipart upload.

• Enable multipart upload for large files in S3

• Use the AWS CLI or SDK to initiate the multipart upload

• Split the file into smaller parts (chunks)

• Upload each part concurrently using multiple threads or processes

• Complete the multipart upload by combining all the parts

EC2 instances in AWS have root devices for the operating system and block devices for additional storage.

• EC2 instances have a root device that contains the operating system and boot volume.

• Block devices are additional storage volumes that can be attached to EC2 instances.

• Block devices can be either EBS volumes or instance store volumes.

• EBS volumes are persistent storage volumes that persist independently from the life of an instance.

• Instance store volumes are temporary storag...read more

There are several types of EC2 instances available in AWS to cater to different computing needs.

• There are general purpose instances like t2, m5, and m6g.

• There are compute optimized instances like c5 and c6g.

• There are memory optimized instances like r5 and x1e.

• There are storage optimized instances like i3 and d2.

• There are GPU instances like p3 and g4.

• There are FPGA instances like f1.

• There are instances for high performance computing like hpc6.

• There are instances for networking...read more

S3 cross region replication allows automatic copying of objects between S3 buckets in different AWS regions.

• Enable versioning on source and destination buckets

• Create a replication rule in the source bucket specifying the destination bucket and region

• Ensure appropriate IAM roles and policies are set up for replication

• Monitor replication progress using CloudWatch metrics

CMD is used to provide default command to run when container starts, while ENTRYPOINT is used to provide the main command to run when container starts.

• CMD can be overridden by passing arguments during container run, while ENTRYPOINT cannot be overridden.

• CMD can be used multiple times in a Dockerfile, with only the last one taking effect, while ENTRYPOINT can only be used once.

• CMD is often used for providing default parameters or options to the main command specified in ENTRYP...read more

Creating a Kubernetes Cluster involves setting up master and worker nodes, configuring networking, and deploying applications.

• Set up a master node by installing Kubernetes control plane components like kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kube-scheduler, and etcd.

• Set up worker nodes by installing kubelet and kube-proxy.

• Configure networking using a CNI plugin like Calico or Flannel.

• Deploy applications using kubectl or Helm charts.

• Monitor and manage the cluster using tools ...read more

Yes, I have experience with other cloud native applications.

• I have experience with Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform.

• I have worked on deploying and managing applications on these platforms.

• I am familiar with the different services offered by these platforms and their pricing models.

• For example, I have used Azure App Service to deploy web applications and Google Cloud Storage for storing and retrieving data.

AWS services are a collection of cloud computing services provided by Amazon Web Services. EC2 instances are virtual servers in the cloud. S3 buckets are storage containers for data. Link validation of S3 bucket ensures data integrity and security.

• AWS services are a collection of cloud computing services provided by Amazon Web Services.

• EC2 instances are virtual servers in the cloud that can be easily scaled up or down based on demand.

• S3 buckets are storage containers for data...read more

I have 5 years of experience working with AWS cloud services.

• 5 years of hands-on experience with AWS cloud services

• Proficient in setting up and managing EC2 instances, S3 storage, and VPCs

• Experience with AWS Lambda, RDS, IAM, and CloudFormation

• Worked on designing and implementing scalable and cost-effective cloud solutions

• Certified AWS Solutions Architect

To create a CI/CD pipeline, you need to define the steps for continuous integration and continuous deployment.

• Set up version control system (e.g. Git)

• Choose a CI/CD tool (e.g. Jenkins, CircleCI)

• Define build, test, and deployment stages

• Automate the process with scripts or configuration files

• Integrate with monitoring and alerting tools for feedback

Integrating Jenkins with Github allows for automated build and deployment processes.

• Install the Github plugin in Jenkins

• Create a new Jenkins job and link it to the Github repository

• Set up webhooks in Github to trigger Jenkins builds

• Configure Jenkins to pull code from Github and run build scripts

• Monitor build status and view logs in Jenkins dashboard

IAM (Identity and Access Management) is used to securely control access to AWS services and resources.

• IAM allows you to create and manage users, groups, and roles to control who can access specific resources.

• It helps in setting permissions for users to access AWS services and resources.

• IAM enables you to set up multi-factor authentication for added security.

• It allows you to create and manage policies to define permissions for different users or groups.

• IAM helps in auditing an...read more

I have 5 years of experience in cloud and DevOps.

• 5 years of hands-on experience in designing, implementing, and managing cloud infrastructure on AWS

• Proficient in using DevOps tools like Jenkins, Docker, Kubernetes, and Terraform

• Experience in automating deployment processes, monitoring systems, and ensuring scalability and reliability

• Worked on projects involving CI/CD pipelines, infrastructure as code, and containerization

• Certifications like AWS Certified Solutions Architect o...read more

To terminate an instance, use the EC2 console or CLI. To delete an S3 bucket, use the S3 console or CLI.

• To terminate an instance using the EC2 console, select the instance and click on 'Actions' > 'Instance State' > 'Terminate'.

• To terminate an instance using the CLI, use the 'terminate-instances' command.

• To delete an S3 bucket using the S3 console, select the bucket and click on 'Delete'.

• To delete an S3 bucket using the CLI, use the 'delete-bucket' command.

Snapshot is a copy of an EBS volume at a point in time. Elastic IP is a static, public IPv4 address that can be associated with an instance.

• Snapshots are used for backup, disaster recovery, and migrating data between regions.

• Elastic IP allows an instance to maintain the same public IP address even if it is stopped and started again.

• Elastic IP can be associated with a network interface or a NAT gateway.

No, files cannot be directly stored in S3 Glacier

• S3 Glacier is designed for long-term archival storage of data

• Files must first be stored in S3 Standard or S3 Infrequent Access before transitioning to Glacier

• Transitioning to Glacier incurs additional costs and retrieval times

EC2 is a virtual server in AWS, S3 is a storage service, subnets are network partitions, and internet gateway is a connection to the internet.

• EC2 is a virtual server that can be used to run applications and services

• S3 is a storage service that allows you to store and retrieve data

• Subnets are network partitions that allow you to segment your network

• Internet Gateway is a connection to the internet that allows your instances to communicate with the internet

Public IP is accessible from the internet while private IP is only accessible within a private network.

• Public IP is assigned by the internet service provider and is unique globally.

• Private IP is assigned by the network administrator and is unique within the private network.

• Public IP is used to communicate with devices outside the private network.

• Private IP is used to communicate within the private network.

• Examples of public IP include the IP address of a website or a server a...read more

An AWS cloud engineer can be contacted through various channels.

• Contact through LinkedIn or other professional networking sites

• Reach out to AWS user groups or attend AWS events

• Contact AWS support for assistance

• Look for AWS certified professionals on job portals

• Ask for referrals from colleagues or friends in the industry

Cloud is a virtual space where data and applications are stored and accessed over the internet.

• Cloud computing provides on-demand access to shared computing resources

• Types of cloud include public, private, and hybrid

• Examples of cloud providers include AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud

Rebase rewrites the commit history while merge combines the commit history of two branches.

• Rebase moves the entire feature branch to begin on the tip of the master branch, resulting in a linear project history.

• Merge creates a new commit that ties together the histories of both branches, preserving the original branch history.

• Rebase is useful for keeping a clean and linear project history, while merge is better for preserving the context of the branch.

• Rebase should not be used...read more

AWS architecture includes VPC, EC2, S3, ELB, and EBS.

• VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) is a virtual network that enables users to launch AWS resources in a defined virtual network.

• EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

• S3 (Simple Storage Service) is an object storage service that offers industry-leading scalability, data availability, security, and performance.

• ELB (Elastic Load Balancer) is a service that automatically dis...read more

To create a user and set a password, use the appropriate command-line tools or GUI interface.

• For Linux systems, use the 'adduser' command to create a new user and 'passwd' command to set the password.

• For Windows systems, use the 'net user' command to create a new user and 'net user *' command to set the password.

• For AWS, use the IAM console to create a new user and set the password.

• Ensure that the password meets the complexity requirements and is securely stored.

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the internet, including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence.

• On-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources

• Pay-as-you-go pricing model

• Scalability and flexibility

• Examples: AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform

I am a dedicated AWS Cloud Engineer with expertise in designing, implementing, and managing cloud infrastructure.

• I have experience in setting up and configuring AWS services such as EC2, S3, RDS, and Lambda.

• I am skilled in automating deployment processes using tools like CloudFormation and Terraform.

• I have a strong understanding of networking concepts and security best practices in cloud environments.

• I have worked on optimizing cost and performance of cloud resources for vari...read more

Yes, I can write a CloudFormation template.

• I am familiar with the CloudFormation syntax and structure.

• I can define resources, parameters, mappings, and outputs.

• I can use intrinsic functions and conditions.

• I can validate and deploy the template using AWS CLI or Console.

• Example: A CloudFormation template to create an EC2 instance with security group and IAM role.

Program to sort a list without using built-in functions

• Iterate through the list and compare each element with the rest to find the smallest element

• Swap the smallest element with the first element in the list

• Repeat the process for the remaining elements until the list is sorted

EC2 can access the network through Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) and Security Groups.

• EC2 instances are launched in a VPC and can be assigned one or more ENIs.

• ENIs provide a virtual network interface, including a private IP address, security groups, and MAC address.

• Security Groups act as a virtual firewall, controlling inbound and outbound traffic to the EC2 instance.

• EC2 instances can also be assigned Elastic IP addresses for static public IP addresses.

Active Directory can be installed using the Server Manager or PowerShell.

• Open Server Manager and select Add Roles and Features

• Select Active Directory Domain Services and follow the wizard

• Alternatively, use PowerShell command Install-WindowsFeature AD-Domain-Services

• Configure the domain and add users and groups as needed

The number of templates that can be created in one project depends on the specific platform or tool being used.

• The number of templates may vary based on the project management tool being used (e.g. AWS CloudFormation, Terraform, etc.)

• Some platforms may have limits on the number of templates that can be created per project.

• It is important to check the documentation of the specific platform or tool for information on template limits.

Various tools are used in project and workflow of project to streamline processes and improve efficiency.

• Tools for project management such as Jira, Trello, Asana

• Tools for version control like Git, GitHub, Bitbucket

• Tools for continuous integration and deployment such as Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI

• Tools for monitoring and logging like CloudWatch, ELK stack, Prometheus

• Tools for infrastructure as code such as Terraform, CloudFormation, Ansible

ETL on cloud can be setup using AWS Glue or third-party tools like Talend, Matillion, etc.

• Choose a cloud-based ETL tool based on your requirements

• Create a data pipeline to extract data from source systems

• Transform the data using the ETL tool's built-in functions or custom scripts

• Load the transformed data into a target data store like S3, Redshift, etc.

• Schedule the ETL jobs to run at regular intervals

• Monitor the ETL jobs for errors and performance issues

VPC is a virtual network while subnets are subdivisions of VPC.

• VPC is a logically isolated network within the cloud provider's infrastructure.

• Subnets are subdivisions of VPC that allow for further segmentation of resources.

• Each subnet must be associated with a route table that specifies the traffic routing rules.

• Subnets can span multiple availability zones for high availability and fault tolerance.

• VPCs can have multiple subnets, each with its own CIDR block.

Application deployment on Windows server involves packaging the application, configuring the server, and deploying the application using tools like IIS or PowerShell.

• Package the application into a deployable format such as a zip file or MSI installer

• Configure the Windows server with necessary dependencies and settings for the application to run

• Deploy the application using tools like Internet Information Services (IIS) or PowerShell scripts

• Test the deployed application to ensu...read more

To create an archive file in LINUX, use the 'tar' command.

• Use the 'tar' command followed by the options and the name of the archive file.

• To create a compressed archive, use the 'z' option for gzip compression or 'j' option for bzip2 compression.

• To extract an archive, use the 'x' option followed by the name of the archive file.

• To list the contents of an archive, use the 't' option followed by the name of the archive file.

A network diagram is a visual representation of a computer or telecommunications network.

• A network diagram shows how devices and components are connected and communicate with each other.

• It can include routers, switches, servers, firewalls, and other network devices.

• The diagram can be used to troubleshoot network issues, plan upgrades, and document the network.

• Examples of network diagrams include topology diagrams, logical diagrams, and physical diagrams.

S3 bucket in AWS is a scalable storage solution for storing objects such as files, images, videos, and backups.

• Used for storing and retrieving data in the cloud

• Highly scalable and durable storage solution

• Can be used for hosting static websites or storing backups

• Objects stored in S3 can be secured using access control policies and encryption

• Can be integrated with other AWS services like EC2, Lambda, and CloudFront

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is the backbone service of AWS.

• EC2 provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud.

• It allows users to quickly scale up or down their compute resources as needed.

• EC2 instances are virtual servers that can run various operating systems and applications.

• It forms the foundation for many other AWS services and solutions.

• EC2 instances can be used for a wide range of use cases, from hosting websites to running complex applications.

Cloud is a network of remote servers that provide on-demand computing resources and services over the internet.

• Cloud computing allows users to access data and applications from anywhere with an internet connection

• It provides scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional on-premises infrastructure

• Examples of cloud services include AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, and Dropbox

PDU stands for Power Distribution Unit. It is a device that distributes electric power to multiple devices.

• PDU is used in data centers to distribute power to servers, switches, and other networking equipment.

• There are different types of PDUs such as Basic, Metered, Monitored, and Switched PDUs.

• Basic PDUs provide a simple power distribution without any monitoring or control features.

• Metered PDUs measure the power usage of connected devices.

• Monitored PDUs provide real-time moni...read more

A tuple is an ordered collection of elements of different data types.

• Tuples are immutable, meaning their values cannot be changed once created.

• They are often used to return multiple values from a function.

• Example: ('John', 25, 'Male')

• Example: (3.14, 'pi')