SAP Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Asked about introduction and then few coding questions

Q1. Given a code, what will be the output of this?
Ans. 
The output of the code will be the sum of the elements in the given array.
• The code likely involves iterating through the array and adding up the elements.

• Make sure to handle edge cases like empty arrays or arrays with negative numbers.

• Example: If the array is [1, 2, 3], the output will be 6.
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Q2. What is a hashMap and difference between HashMap and concurrentHashMap
Ans. 
HashMap is a data structure in Java that stores key-value pairs. ConcurrentHashMap is a thread-safe version of HashMap.
• HashMap is not thread-safe, while ConcurrentHashMap is thread-safe.

• ConcurrentHashMap allows concurrent read and write operations without the need for external synchronization.

• HashMap allows null keys and values, while ConcurrentHashMap does not allow null keys or values.
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Q1. What are SAP tools to migrate SAP systems from on-premise to cloud?
Ans. 
SAP tools for migrating SAP systems from on-premise to cloud include SAP Advanced Data Migration, SAP Cloud Platform Migration Service, and SAP Transformation Navigator.
• SAP Advanced Data Migration: tool for migrating data from on-premise systems to cloud

• SAP Cloud Platform Migration Service: helps in migrating applications and workloads to the cloud

• SAP Transformation Navigator: tool for planning and executing system mig
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Q2. When you use export/import method form migration, what files will be created during export?
Ans. 
During export using export/import method for migration, files like data files, control files, and log files will be created.
• Data files containing the actual data being exported

• Control files containing information about the export process

• Log files recording the activities and errors during the export

• Examples: .dmp, .ctl, .log files
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Q3. How does parallel export/import work ?
Ans. 
Parallel export/import allows multiple processes to export/import data simultaneously for faster migration/conversion.
• Parallel export/import splits the data into multiple parts and processes them concurrently.

• It helps in reducing the overall time taken for data migration/conversion.

• Parallel export/import requires careful planning to avoid conflicts and ensure data consistency.

• Examples include using SAP tools like R3loa...read more
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Q4. If you are using DMO to migrate a SAP system with sql DB on windows to HANA DB on linux, how the SUM will run? As there is a different SUM for windows and linux, will it use 2 different SUM in this case?
Ans. 
SUM will use a single SUM tool for the migration from SQL DB on Windows to HANA DB on Linux.
• SUM tool is platform-independent and can be used for migrations between different operating systems.

• The SUM tool will handle the conversion process seamlessly without the need for separate tools for Windows and Linux.

• The migration process will involve steps to convert the database from SQL to HANA while also transitioning the op
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Q5. Can EHP 5 run on oracle 19C ?
Ans. 
No, EHP 5 cannot run on Oracle 19C.
• EHP 5 is not certified to run on Oracle 19C.

• Compatibility issues may arise if trying to run EHP 5 on Oracle 19C.

• It is recommended to check SAP's official compatibility matrix for supported configurations.
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Q6. What are technical differences in SPDD and SPAU?
Ans. 
SPDD is for modifying dictionary objects, SPAU is for modifying repository objects.
• SPDD is used for modifying dictionary objects like tables, views, and data elements.

• SPAU is used for modifying repository objects like programs, function modules, and screens.

• SPDD changes are transportable across systems, SPAU changes are not transportable.

• SPDD changes are typically related to data dictionary objects, SPAU changes are re...read more
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Q7. Can we skip SPDD in preprocessing? If yes, what will happen? If no, what stops us from skipping it?
Ans. 
Skipping SPDD in preprocessing is not recommended as it can lead to inconsistencies in the system.
• No, SPDD should not be skipped in preprocessing as it is a crucial step in handling modifications to the ABAP Dictionary objects during an upgrade or migration.

• Skipping SPDD can result in inconsistencies between the data dictionary and the ABAP programs, leading to runtime errors and system issues.

• SPDD is responsible for a...read more
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Q8. Why is SPDD need to be performed before execution phase and SPAU after execution?
Ans. 
SPDD is performed before execution phase to adjust dictionary objects, while SPAU is performed after execution to adjust repository objects.
• SPDD is performed before execution phase to adjust dictionary objects to the new release of SAP system.

• SPAU is performed after execution to adjust repository objects like programs, function modules, screens, etc.

• SPDD helps in adjusting the data dictionary objects to the new release...read more
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Q9. Can we perform SPAU before execution?
Ans. 
Yes, SPAU can be performed before execution.
• SPAU can be performed to adjust modifications before executing a system upgrade or migration.

• It allows for resolving any inconsistencies in custom objects before the actual upgrade.

• Performing SPAU beforehand can help streamline the upgrade process and reduce downtime.

• It is recommended to review and adjust modifications using SPAU prior to the upgrade to ensure a smooth transi
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Q10. Which process of SWPM will be used for export/import?
Ans. 
The export/import process in SWPM is performed using the R3load tool.
• R3load tool is used for exporting and importing data during system migrations/conversions.

• Export/import process involves extracting data from source system and loading it into target system.

• R3load tool is part of Software Provisioning Manager (SWPM) toolset.

• Export/import process is crucial for transferring SAP system data between systems.
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Q11. What processes will be used for shipping the files in case of parallel export/import?
Ans. 
Files can be shipped in parallel export/import using tools like Rsync, SCP, FTP, or cloud storage services.
• Use tools like Rsync for efficient file transfer

• SCP (Secure Copy Protocol) can be used for secure file transfer

• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is another option for transferring files

• Utilize cloud storage services like AWS S3 or Google Cloud Storage for large file transfers
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Q12. Can we restore backup of HANA 1.0 on HANA 2.0 ?
Ans. 
No, backup of HANA 1.0 cannot be restored on HANA 2.0 due to compatibility issues.
• Backup of HANA 1.0 is not compatible with HANA 2.0 due to differences in architecture and features.

• Data structures and formats may have changed between the two versions, leading to potential data corruption if restored.

• It is recommended to perform a system copy or migration instead of trying to restore a backup from HANA 1.0 to HANA 2.0.
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Q13. Why do we need shadow instance?
Ans. 
Shadow instances are used for testing and validation purposes before making changes to the production system.
• Shadow instances allow for testing system changes without impacting the production environment.

• They are used to validate migration or conversion processes before applying them to the live system.

• Helps in identifying any potential issues or errors that may arise during the actual migration/conversion.

• Provides a s...read more
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Q14. How is shadow instance created and where is it created? How much extra space it will require and what tables will it be stored in?
Ans. 
Shadow instance is created for system copy or migration, requires extra space, stored in database tables.
• Shadow instance is created using software tools like SAP SWPM (Software Provisioning Manager) during system copy or migration.

• It is created on the same server as the original instance, but with a different SID (System ID).

• Extra space required for shadow instance depends on the size of the original instance and the d...read more
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Q15. In case of oracle, it creates an additional tablespace during upgrade. How does it work in SAP HANA and Sybase?
Ans. 
SAP HANA and Sybase do not create additional tablespaces during upgrade like Oracle.
• SAP HANA and Sybase do not follow the same approach as Oracle in creating additional tablespaces during upgrade.

• In SAP HANA, data is stored in memory and does not require separate tablespaces like Oracle.

• Sybase also does not create additional tablespaces during upgrade, as it follows a different database structure.

• Both SAP HANA and Syba...read more
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Q16. Is it possible to upgrade without creating Shadow instance?
Ans. 
Yes, it is possible to upgrade without creating a Shadow instance.
• Upgrade can be performed directly on the existing instance without the need for a Shadow instance.

• This approach may save time and resources by avoiding the creation of a separate instance for the upgrade process.

• However, it is important to carefully plan and execute the upgrade to minimize risks and ensure a successful outcome.
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Q17. What is HANA Topology?
Ans. 
HANA Topology refers to the layout and configuration of SAP HANA systems and components.
• HANA Topology includes the distribution of HANA instances across multiple hosts.

• It also involves the configuration of high availability and disaster recovery setups.

• Different HANA Topologies include single host, multi-host, scale-out, and distributed systems.

• Topology decisions impact performance, scalability, and availability of the
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Q18. How to setup SSO for SAP and HANA ?
Ans. 
Setting up SSO for SAP and HANA involves configuring trust between systems and enabling authentication mechanisms.
• Configure trust between SAP and HANA systems

• Enable SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language) for authentication

• Implement Single Sign-On (SSO) using SAML tokens

• Use SAP Cloud Identity or other identity providers for SSO setup
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Q19. As I do not have experience in OS/DB migration, any conceptual knowledge of heterogeneous migration ?
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Q20. Conceptual knowledge of SAP S/4HANA conversion?
Ans. 
SAP S/4HANA conversion involves migrating from SAP ERP to the next-generation S/4HANA platform.
• Understanding the differences between SAP ERP and S/4HANA

• Assessing system landscape and data readiness for conversion

• Executing the migration process with minimal downtime

• Validating and testing the converted system for functionality and performance

• Training end-users on the new S/4HANA system
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Q21. Basics of SAP BTP.
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Q1. Started with introduction
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Q2. Asked about projects
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Q3. Asked Architecture related questions and design pattern related questions
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Q4. If you have 1 million requests how will you manage that
Ans. 
I would use load balancing, caching, and scaling techniques to manage the 1 million requests.
• Implement load balancing to distribute requests evenly across multiple servers.

• Utilize caching to store frequently accessed data and reduce response times.

• Scale horizontally by adding more servers to handle the increased load.

• Optimize code and database queries to improve performance.

• Monitor system performance and make adjustmen
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Q5. React vs SAP UI5
Ans. 
React is a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, while SAP UI5 is a framework for developing enterprise-ready web applications.
• React is more flexible and widely used in the industry.

• SAP UI5 is specifically designed for SAP applications and has built-in support for SAP technologies.

• React has a larger community and ecosystem with more resources and libraries available.

• SAP UI5 provides a consistent user...read more
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Q6. Node VS JAVA
Ans. 
Node.js is a runtime environment for executing JavaScript code outside of a browser, while Java is a general-purpose programming language often used for building enterprise applications.
• Node.js is single-threaded and event-driven, making it ideal for handling asynchronous operations like I/O operations.

• Java is a statically typed language with a strong emphasis on object-oriented programming, making it suitable for larg...read more
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Q7. Multitenancy in sap btp
Ans. 
Multitenancy in SAP BTP allows multiple customers to share the same application instance while keeping their data isolated.
• Multitenancy allows multiple customers (tenants) to use the same application instance.

• Each tenant's data is isolated and secure from other tenants.

• Tenants can customize their own settings, branding, and configurations within the shared application.

• SAP BTP provides tools and features to manage multi...read more
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Q1. Asked Algorithms used in the project (No follow-up on mentioned algorithms, cut-off mid-explanation of business problem, scale, and solution wanting to know just the names of the algorithm) - Answered by n...read more
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Q2. Count all pairs of numbers from a list where the ending digit of the ith number equals the starting digit of the jth number. Example [122, 21, 21, 23] should have 5 pairs (122, 21), (122, 21), (122, 23), (...read more
Ans. 
Count pairs of numbers where ending digit of ith number equals starting digit of jth number.
• Iterate through each pair of numbers in the list

• Check if the ending digit of the ith number equals the starting digit of the jth number

• Increment the count if the condition is met
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Q3. Interpretation of graphs, the first graph had perpendicular lines from the error to the fitted line and the second graph had lines from the error to the fitted line, parallel to the y-axis. - Interpreted t...read more
Ans. 
Interpretation of graphs in linear regression analysis
• Perpendicular lines from error to fitted line in first graph indicate OLS using projection matrices

• Lines parallel to y-axis from error to fitted line in second graph suggest evaluation of linear regression to y-pred - y-actual method

• PCA could also be a possible interpretation for the second graph
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Q4. What does np.einsum() do
Ans. 
np.einsum() performs Einstein summation on arrays.
• Performs summation over specified indices

• Can also perform other operations like multiplication, contraction, etc.

• Syntax: np.einsum(subscripts, *operands)
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Q5. How to generate random numbers using numpy, what is the difference between numpy.random.rand and numpy.random.randn
Ans. 
numpy.random.rand generates random numbers from a uniform distribution, while numpy.random.randn generates random numbers from a standard normal distribution.
• numpy.random.rand generates random numbers from a uniform distribution between 0 and 1.

• numpy.random.randn generates random numbers from a standard normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

• Example: np.random.rand(3, 2) will generate a 3x2 array of r...read more
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Q6. Difference between logit and probabilities in deep learning
Ans. 
Logit is the log-odds of the probability, while probabilities are the actual probabilities of an event occurring.
• Logit is the natural logarithm of the odds ratio, used in logistic regression.

• Probabilities are the actual likelihood of an event occurring, ranging from 0 to 1.

• In deep learning, logit values are transformed into probabilities using a softmax function.

• Logit values can be negative or positive, while probabili
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