100+ Associate Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers

Python has several data types including integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets.

• Integers represent whole numbers, e.g. 5, -10.

• Floats represent decimal numbers, e.g. 3.14, -2.5.

• Strings represent sequences of characters, e.g. 'hello', 'Python'.

• Booleans represent either True or False.

• Lists are ordered collections of items, e.g. [1, 2, 3].

• Tuples are similar to lists but immutable, e.g. (1, 2, 3).

• Dictionaries are key-value pairs, e.g. {'name': 'J...read more

Joins in SQL are used to combine data from two or more tables based on a related column.

• Inner join returns only the matching rows from both tables.

• Left join returns all the rows from the left table and matching rows from the right table.

• Right join returns all the rows from the right table and matching rows from the left table.

• Full outer join returns all the rows from both tables.

• Example: Inner join can be used to combine customer and order tables based on customer ID.

To delete a file in Python module, use the os module's remove() method.

• Import the os module

• Use the remove() method to delete the file

• Specify the file path in the remove() method

• Example: import os; os.remove('file.txt')

Indexes in SQL are used to improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.

• Indexes are data structures that store a small portion of the table data in an easily searchable format.

• Types of indexes include clustered, non-clustered, unique, and full-text indexes.

• Clustered indexes determine the physical order of data in a table, while non-clustered indexes create a separate structure for faster searching.

• Unique indexes ensure that no two rows in a table have the same ...read more

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and ease of use.

• Python is dynamically typed, meaning that variable types are determined at runtime.

• Python has a large standard library and a vast collection of third-party libraries.

• Python is often used for web development, scientific computing, data analysis, and artificial intelligence.

• Python code is typically shorter and more concise than code in other languages.

• Python is slower...read more

It's a list of different items.

• Apple, mango, and grapes are fruits.

• Tea and milk are beverages.

• They are not related to each other.

• It's just a random list of items.

The building blocks of object oriented programming are classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

• Classes are templates for creating objects

• Objects are instances of classes

• Inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and methods from parent classes

• Encapsulation is the practice of hiding implementation details from users

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPs pillars: Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Abstraction

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take on many forms. Types - Compile-time (method overloading) and Runtime (method overriding)

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class

• Encapsulation: Bundling of data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit

• Abst...read more

Operator overloading is the ability to redefine operators for user-defined types. Function overloading is the ability to define multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Operator overloading allows user-defined types to use operators such as +, -, *, /, etc.

• Function overloading allows multiple functions to have the same name but different parameters.

• Operator overloading and function overloading both provide a way to make code more readable and intuitive.

• E...read more

Shuffle a playlist of songs without repeating any song.

• Create a copy of the original playlist

• Use a random number generator to select a song from the copy and remove it

• Add the selected song to a new shuffled playlist

• Repeat until all songs have been selected

• Return the shuffled playlist

Armstrong numbers are numbers that are equal to the sum of their own digits raised to the power of the number of digits.

• Iterate through numbers from 10 to 250

• Calculate the sum of each digit raised to the power of the number of digits

• Check if the sum is equal to the original number, if yes, it is an Armstrong number

Pass by value copies the value of a variable, while pass by reference copies the address of the variable.

• Pass by value creates a new copy of the variable, while pass by reference uses the original variable.

• Pass by value is used for primitive data types, while pass by reference is used for objects and arrays.

• Pass by value is faster and safer, while pass by reference allows for more efficient memory usage.

• Pass by value can lead to unexpected results when modifying the copied va...read more

I am familiar with technologies such as Java, Python, SQL, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Git.

• Java

• Python

• SQL

• HTML

• CSS

• JavaScript

• Git

Identify the faulty node among 100 interconnected nodes without checking all connections.

• Use binary search to divide the nodes into two groups and check the group where the faulty node is likely to be present.

• Repeat the process until the faulty node is identified.

• Example: Divide the nodes into two groups of 50 each, check the group where the faulty node is present, divide that group into two and repeat the process.

Python is a high-level programming language used for various applications. SQL is used for managing relational databases. Big data refers to large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. Data science involves extracting insights from data. Machine learning is a subset of AI that involves training algorithms to make predictions.

• Python is easy to learn and has a large community of developers. It is used for web development, data analysis, and m...read more

Method overriding is achieved by creating a function in a derived class with the same signature as a function in the base class. Method overloading is achieved by creating multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding: Create a function in a derived class with the same name and signature as a function in the base class. Example: virtual void display() in base class and void display() in derived class.

• Method overloading: Create multiple funct...read more

The process involves input validation, data storage, and retrieval.

• Validate input data to ensure it meets database requirements

• Store data in the appropriate database tables and fields

• Retrieve data using SQL queries or other database access methods

Python has five standard data types: Numbers, Strings, Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries.

• Numbers include integers, floating-point numbers, and complex numbers.

• Strings are sequences of Unicode characters.

• Lists are ordered sequences of values.

• Tuples are ordered, immutable sequences of values.

• Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs.

init() method is a constructor method in Python that is called when an object is created.

• It initializes the attributes of the object.

• It takes self as the first parameter.

• It can be used to perform any setup required before the object is used.

• It can be overridden to customize the initialization process.

• Example: def __init__(self, name, age): self.name = name self.age = age

Global variables are accessible throughout the program, while local variables are only accessible within a specific function.

• Global variables are declared outside of any function and can be accessed from any part of the program.

• Local variables are declared within a function and can only be accessed within that function.

• If a local variable has the same name as a global variable, the local variable takes precedence within the function.

• Global variables can be modified from withi...read more

A hash table is the most suitable data structure for storing 1000+ records of a telephone directory.

• Hash tables provide constant time complexity for insertion, deletion, and retrieval operations.

• They use a key-value pair system, where the key is the phone number and the value is the corresponding contact information.

• Hash tables also have a low memory overhead compared to other data structures like arrays or linked lists.

• Example: Java's HashMap or Python's dict can be used to ...read more

Find the most common year in an array of years

• Loop through the array and count the frequency of each year

• Find the year with the highest frequency

• Return that year as the most common year

Multithreading can improve performance and responsiveness of AWT Swing applications.

• Multithreading can be used to perform time-consuming tasks in the background while keeping the UI responsive.

• SwingWorker class can be used to perform background tasks and update the UI when done.

• Event Dispatch Thread (EDT) should be used to update the UI components.

• Synchronization should be used to avoid race conditions and ensure thread safety.

• Thread pools can be used to manage and reuse thre...read more

I worked on a project that involved developing a web application using Java and Spring framework.

• Developed RESTful APIs using Spring Boot

• Implemented user authentication and authorization using Spring Security

• Used Hibernate for database operations

• Implemented caching using Redis

• My role was to develop and maintain the backend of the application

I have 2 years of experience in web development, working with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and various frameworks.

• 2 years of experience in web development

• Proficient in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

• Familiar with various frameworks like React and Angular

• Developed responsive and interactive websites

• Worked on optimizing website performance

Attributes of a fan include size, speed, power source, noise level, and direction of rotation.

• Size (e.g. diameter of blades)

• Speed (e.g. rotations per minute)

• Power source (e.g. electric, battery)

• Noise level (e.g. decibels)

• Direction of rotation (e.g. clockwise, counterclockwise)

React JS is different from other frameworks due to its virtual DOM, component-based architecture, and one-way data flow.

• Virtual DOM allows for efficient updates by only re-rendering components that have changed

• Component-based architecture promotes reusability and modularity

• One-way data flow ensures predictable data flow and easier debugging

• React's JSX syntax simplifies the creation of UI components

DSA stands for Data Structures and Algorithms, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.

• DSA is used to solve complex problems efficiently.

• Data Structures are ways of organizing and storing data, such as arrays, linked lists, and trees.

• Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, such as sorting and searching.

• Understanding DSA is essential for software development and programming interviews.

• Examples of DSA in action include sorting algorithms like qui...read more

The project architecture follows a microservices approach with a RESTful API. The flow involves data retrieval, processing, and storage.

• The project is divided into multiple microservices that communicate with each other through a RESTful API.

• Data is retrieved from various sources and processed by the microservices before being stored in a database.

• The microservices are deployed in containers using Docker and managed by Kubernetes.

• The flow involves the user interacting with th...read more

OOPS is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions. The 4 pillars of OOPS are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together in a class to hide implementation details.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and behaviors.

• Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction: Simplifying complex systems by...read more

Python uses automatic memory management through garbage collection.

• Python uses reference counting to keep track of memory usage.

• Objects with no references are automatically deleted by the garbage collector.

• Python also has a built-in module called 'gc' for manual garbage collection.

• Memory leaks can occur if circular references are not handled properly.

Python has two types of constructors - default and parameterized constructors.

• Default constructor has no parameters and is automatically called when an object is created.

• Parameterized constructor takes parameters and is used to initialize the object's attributes.

• Example of default constructor: def __init__(self):

• Example of parameterized constructor: def __init__(self, name, age):

Reverse a linked list iteratively and recursively.

• Iteratively: Traverse the list and change the pointers to reverse the list.

• Recursively: Traverse to the end of the list and then change the pointers while returning back.

• Create a temporary variable to hold the next node while reversing iteratively.

• In recursive approach, handle the base case when the current node is null.

Split method splits a string into an array of substrings based on a specified separator. Join method joins the elements of an array into a string.

• Split method returns an array of strings.

• Join method concatenates the elements of an array into a string.

• Both methods are used to manipulate strings in JavaScript.

• Example: var str = 'apple,banana,orange'; var arr = str.split(','); var newStr = arr.join('-');

• Output: arr = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange'], newStr = 'apple-banana-orange'

Yes, you can store cart items in local storage.

• Local storage is a web API that allows data to be stored in the browser.

• You can store cart items as an array of strings in local storage.

• To store cart items, you can use the 'setItem' method of the localStorage object.

• Example: localStorage.setItem('cartItems', JSON.stringify(['item1', 'item2', 'item3']));

OOPS fundamentals include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together in a class.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting their properties and behaviors.

• Polymorphism: Objects of different classes can be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and providing simplified interfaces.

strip() method is used to remove whitespace from beginning and end in Python

• Use the strip() method on a string to remove whitespace from both beginning and end

• Example: ' hello '.strip() will return 'hello'

• Example: ' hello '.strip(' h') will return 'ello'

DBMS is a software system that manages databases and their access. ACID properties ensure data consistency and reliability.

• DBMS stands for Database Management System

• It is a software system that manages databases and their access

• ACID properties ensure data consistency and reliability

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability

• Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid sta...read more

The language that supports both Android and iOS is Kotlin.

• Kotlin is a modern programming language that can be used for developing applications on both Android and iOS platforms.

• It is fully interoperable with Java and can be used alongside Objective-C and Swift.

• Kotlin is officially supported by Google as a first-class language for Android development.

Code to find index of sub string in main string and duplicate the sub string

• Use a loop to iterate through the main string and check for the sub string

• If sub string is found, duplicate it and store the index

• Return the index of the duplicated sub string

Find pairs from array whose sum is equal to target.

• Use a hashmap to store the difference between target and each element in the array.

• Iterate through the array and check if the current element exists in the hashmap.

• If it exists, then a pair with the sum equal to target is found.

C++ is a high-level programming language used for developing system software, application software, and video games.

• C++ is an extension of the C programming language.

• C++ supports object-oriented programming concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Constructors are special member functions that are called when an object is created.

• Operator overloading allows operators to be redefined for user-defined types.

• HTML forms are used to collect user input on a web...read more