20+ Associate Software Developer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Armstrong numbers are numbers that are equal to the sum of their own digits raised to the power of the number of digits.

• Iterate through numbers from 10 to 250

• Calculate the sum of each digit raised to the power of the number of digits

• Check if the sum is equal to the original number, if yes, it is an Armstrong number

Shuffle a playlist of songs without repeating any song.

• Create a copy of the original playlist

• Use a random number generator to select a song from the copy and remove it

• Add the selected song to a new shuffled playlist

• Repeat until all songs have been selected

• Return the shuffled playlist

Method overriding is achieved by creating a function in a derived class with the same signature as a function in the base class. Method overloading is achieved by creating multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

• Method overriding: Create a function in a derived class with the same name and signature as a function in the base class. Example: virtual void display() in base class and void display() in derived class.

• Method overloading: Create multiple funct...read more

Python is a high-level programming language used for various applications. SQL is used for managing relational databases. Big data refers to large datasets that cannot be processed using traditional computing techniques. Data science involves extracting insights from data. Machine learning is a subset of AI that involves training algorithms to make predictions.

• Python is easy to learn and has a large community of developers. It is used for web development, data analysis, and m...read more

Approach employee management challenges with clear communication, empathy, and structured problem-solving techniques.

• Identify the issue: Gather data on employee performance or morale to understand the root cause.

• Communicate openly: Schedule one-on-one meetings to discuss concerns and listen to employee feedback.

• Set clear expectations: Define roles and responsibilities to avoid confusion and ensure accountability.

• Provide support: Offer resources such as training or mentorship ...read more

DSA stands for Data Structures and Algorithms, which are fundamental concepts in computer science.

• DSA is used to solve complex problems efficiently.

• Data Structures are ways of organizing and storing data, such as arrays, linked lists, and trees.

• Algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, such as sorting and searching.

• Understanding DSA is essential for software development and programming interviews.

• Examples of DSA in action include sorting algorithms like qui...read more

I faced questions on language syntax, frameworks, and problem-solving techniques relevant to my experience.

• Explained the difference between Java and JavaScript, focusing on their use cases.

• Discussed my experience with Python libraries like Pandas for data manipulation.

• Demonstrated knowledge of C++ memory management and pointers through a coding challenge.

• Answered questions about asynchronous programming in JavaScript using Promises and async/await.

Find pairs from array whose sum is equal to target.

• Use a hashmap to store the difference between target and each element in the array.

• Iterate through the array and check if the current element exists in the hashmap.

• If it exists, then a pair with the sum equal to target is found.

To fetch data from an API and show the result, use HTTP requests and parse the response data.

• Identify the API endpoint and required parameters

• Make an HTTP request using a library like Axios or Fetch

• Parse the response data using JSON.parse()

• Display the data in the desired format, such as a table or list

Compiler translates entire code into machine code before execution, while interpreter translates code line by line during execution.

• Compiler converts entire code into machine code before execution

• Interpreter translates code line by line during execution

• Compiler generates intermediate object code or executable file

• Interpreter does not generate intermediate object code

• Examples: C, C++ compilers vs Python, Ruby interpreters

I am familiar with technologies such as Java, Python, SQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Java

• Python

• SQL

• HTML

• CSS

• JavaScript

Query to find the second largest number from MySQL database.

• Use ORDER BY clause to sort the numbers in descending order.

• Use LIMIT clause to limit the result to 2.

• Use OFFSET clause to skip the first largest number.

• Example: SELECT column_name FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name DESC LIMIT 1 OFFSET 1;

A jagged array in C is an array of arrays where each sub-array can have different lengths, useful for storing strings.

• A jagged array can be declared as: `char *jaggedArray[3];`

• Each element can point to a different string: `jaggedArray[0] = "Hello";`

• Memory for each string can be allocated dynamically using `malloc`.

• Example: `jaggedArray[1] = (char *)malloc(10 * sizeof(char));` for a string of length 10.

The 4 pillars of OOP are Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation restricts access to certain components within a class, protecting the data.

• Abstraction hides the complex implementation details and only shows the necessary features.

• Polymorphism allows objects to be treated as instances of their parent class.

Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. JS is a scripting language used to create interactive web pages.

• Node.js is used for server-side programming and allows for non-blocking, event-driven I/O.

• JS is used for client-side programming and allows for dynamic and interactive web pages.

• Both Node.js and JS are open-source and have a large community of developers.

• Node.js can be used with various frameworks such as Express and NestJS.

• JS can be used wit...read more

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and methods.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data within one unit (e.g., a class).

• Inheritance: Mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behavior from an existing class (e.g., a 'Dog' class inheriting from an 'Animal' class).

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different underlying data types (e.g., a func...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as the same type.

• Polymorphism is achieved through method overriding and method overloading.

• Method overriding allows a subclass to provide a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Method overloading allows multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in the same class.

• Polymorphism helps in achieving code re...read more

Shortest path algo is a method to find the most efficient route between two points in a graph or network.

• Shortest path algorithms are used in various applications such as GPS navigation systems, network routing, and logistics planning.

• Examples of shortest path algorithms include Dijkstra's algorithm, Bellman-Ford algorithm, and Floyd-Warshall algorithm.

• These algorithms calculate the shortest path based on different criteria such as distance, time, or cost.

• The goal is to find ...read more

Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Promotes code reusability by allowing new classes to use existing code.

• Supports the creation of hierarchical relationships between classes.

• Example: A 'Dog' class can inherit from an 'Animal' class, gaining its properties like 'legs' and methods like 'eat'.

• Facilitates polymorphism, allowing methods to be overridden in derived classes.

• Exam...read more

The numbers should be sorted in ascending order: 0 1 2

• Use a sorting algorithm like bubble sort, selection sort, or insertion sort

• Compare each number with the next one and swap if necessary

• Repeat the process until the array is sorted

DOM stands for Document Object Model in JavaScript, which represents the structure of a webpage as a tree of objects.

• DOM is a programming interface for web documents.

• It allows scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a webpage.

• DOM represents the HTML elements as objects, allowing manipulation through JavaScript.

• Example: document.getElementById('myElement') retrieves an element with the specified ID.

I have worked on various projects including a web application for a retail company and a mobile app for a fitness tracker.

• Developed a web application for a retail company using React and Node.js

• Created a mobile app for a fitness tracker using Swift and Firebase

• Collaborated with a team to implement new features and fix bugs

A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system.

• Databases can be relational (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) or non-relational (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra).

• They use structured query language (SQL) for managing and manipulating data in relational databases.

• Databases support data integrity and security through constraints and access controls.

• Examples of database applications include customer relationship manag...read more

Java Collections Framework provides a set of classes and interfaces for storing and manipulating groups of objects.

• 1. List: An ordered collection that can contain duplicates. Example: ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();

• 2. Set: A collection that cannot contain duplicates. Example: HashSet<Integer> uniqueNumbers = new HashSet<>();

• 3. Map: A collection of key-value pairs. Example: HashMap<String, Integer> ageMap = new HashMap<>();

• 4. Queue: A collection designed for holdi...read more

Java OOPs principles include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction, essential for object-oriented programming.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods. Example: class 'Car' with private attributes and public methods.

• Inheritance: Deriving new classes from existing ones. Example: 'ElectricCar' inherits from 'Car'.

• Polymorphism: Ability to take many forms. Example: method overriding in subclasses.

• Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details. Example: usi...read more

Find the maximum value in an array of strings.

• Iterate through the array and compare each element to find the maximum value.

• Convert the strings to numbers if needed before comparison.

• Handle edge cases like empty array or non-numeric strings.