Publicis Sapient Senior Software Engineer 1 Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Node.js questions were asked
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Q2. Questions about the projects which i have worked
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Q1. What is abstract class
Ans. 
An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and is used as a blueprint for other classes to inherit from.
• Cannot be instantiated directly

• May contain abstract methods that must be implemented by subclasses

• Can have both abstract and non-abstract methods

• Used to define common behavior for subclasses
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Q2. How to implement singleton pattern
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Singleton pattern ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global point of access to it.
• Create a private static instance variable of the class itself

• Make the constructor private to prevent instantiation from outside the class

• Provide a static method to access the singleton instance
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Technical coding coding test

Q1. OOPs spring jsis kss
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Q2. Oo idid jdid sjiss js
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Q1. What is view? What is cte
Ans. 
A view is a virtual table created by a query. CTE stands for Common Table Expression, which is a temporary result set.
• View is a saved SQL query that acts as a virtual table

• CTE is a temporary result set that can be referenced within a query

• Views can be used to simplify complex queries and provide a layer of abstraction

• CTEs are useful for recursive queries or when a result set needs to be referenced multiple times
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Q1. If fresher then based on topic taken in BE,if experienced then based on work in previous company
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Q1. What is abstraction and how can we achieve it?
Ans. 
Abstraction is the concept of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features to the outside world.
• Abstraction allows us to focus on what an object does rather than how it does it

• Achieved through abstract classes and interfaces in object-oriented programming

• Example: A car dashboard abstracts the internal workings of the car and provides only essential information to the driver
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Q2. Difference between hashtable and hashmap
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Hashtable is synchronized, while hashmap is not. Hashtable does not allow null keys or values, while hashmap does.
• Hashtable is synchronized, while hashmap is not

• Hashtable does not allow null keys or values, while hashmap does

• Hashtable is a legacy class, while hashmap is a newer class
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Q3. How get() works insterally in hashmap
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The get() method in HashMap retrieves the value associated with a specified key.
• get() method takes a key as input and returns the value associated with that key in the HashMap.

• Internally, get() uses the hash code of the key to find the corresponding bucket in the HashMap.

• If multiple keys have the same hash code, get() uses the equals() method to find the correct key-value pair.
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Q4. What is normalization?
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Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization helps in minimizing data redundancy by dividing the database into multiple tables and defining relationships between them.

• It ensures data integrity by avoiding update anomalies and inconsistencies.

• There are different normal forms such as 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF, each with specific rules to fo...read more
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Q5. What are constraints?
Ans. 
Constraints are limitations or restrictions placed on a system or process.
• Constraints define the boundaries within which a system must operate.

• They can include limitations on resources, time, or functionality.

• Examples of constraints in software engineering include memory limitations, processing speed, and input/output requirements.
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Q6. Write a query to get 3rd highest salary from the employee table
Ans. 
Query to retrieve the 3rd highest salary from the employee table
• Use the ORDER BY clause to sort salaries in descending order

• Use the LIMIT clause to retrieve the 3rd highest salary
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Q7. Write a code to get 2nd last node and its value from the singly linked list.
Ans. 
Traverse the linked list to find the 2nd last node and return its value.
• Traverse the linked list while keeping track of the current and previous nodes.

• Once at the end of the list, return the value of the previous node.
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Q8. You have an array of integer and retrieve the 2 smallest number from it without sorting the array.
Ans. 
Use two variables to keep track of the smallest and second smallest numbers in the array.
• Iterate through the array and update the variables accordingly.

• Initialize the variables with the maximum possible integer value to start with.

• Example: array = [5, 2, 8, 1, 3], smallest = 1, secondSmallest = 2.
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