NTT Data Senior Software Engineer 2 Interview Questions and Answers

Berribot test with AI by asking questions on various application level and providing a code snippet to find the longest common prefix in a string array.

Q1. Introduction on self
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Q2. What are the key features of Java 8 that facilitate coding with streams?
Ans. 
Java 8 features like lambda expressions and functional interfaces make coding with streams easier and more efficient.
• Lambda expressions allow for concise and readable code when working with streams.

• Functional interfaces like Predicate, Function, and Consumer can be used with streams to perform operations on elements.

• Stream API provides methods like map, filter, and reduce for processing collections of data in a declara...read more
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Q3. What is the purpose of Optional in Java 8, and which methods are commonly used with it?
Ans. 
Optional in Java 8 is used to represent a value that may or may not be present, reducing the chances of NullPointerException.
• Optional is used to avoid NullPointerException by explicitly stating whether a value is present or not.

• Commonly used methods with Optional include isPresent(), get(), orElse(), orElseGet(), and map().

• Example: Optional<String> optionalString = Optional.ofNullable("Hello");
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Q4. What is multiple inheritance, and how is it achieved?
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Multiple inheritance is a feature in object-oriented programming where a class can inherit attributes and methods from more than one parent class.
• Allows a class to inherit from multiple parent classes, combining their attributes and methods

• Can lead to the diamond problem where ambiguity arises if two parent classes have a method with the same name

• Achieved in languages like C++ using virtual inheritance or interfaces in
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Q5. What are the steps to write an immutable class?
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Steps to write an immutable class
• Make the class final so it cannot be extended

• Make all fields private and final

• Do not provide setter methods for the fields

• Ensure that any mutable objects within the class are also immutable

• If a mutable object must be returned, make a deep copy before returning it
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Q6. Design patterns :Singleton and factory
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Q7. What are the different types of dependency injection?
Ans. 
Types of dependency injection include constructor injection, setter injection, and interface injection.
• Constructor injection: Dependencies are provided through a class's constructor.

• Setter injection: Dependencies are provided through setter methods.

• Interface injection: Dependencies are provided through an interface method.
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Q8. @primary vs @qualifier
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In Spring framework, @primary is used to specify the primary bean to be autowired, while @qualifier is used to specify a specific bean to be autowired.
• Use @Primary when there are multiple beans of the same type and you want to specify the primary one to be autowired.

• Use @Qualifier when you want to specify a specific bean to be autowired by its name.

• Example: @Primary annotation can be used on a bean definition to mark i...read more
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Q9. What is transaction management in Spring Boot applications?
Ans. 
Transaction management in Spring Boot ensures data integrity by managing database transactions.
• Spring Boot uses @Transactional annotation to manage transactions

• It ensures that all operations within a transaction are completed successfully or rolled back if an error occurs

• Transactions can be managed programmatically using TransactionTemplate

• Supports different transaction isolation levels like READ_COMMITTED, REPEATABLE_
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Q10. What are the different isolation levels in transactions and how do propagation types work?
Ans. 
Isolation levels in transactions determine the degree to which transactions are isolated from each other. Propagation types define how transactions are propagated between different components.
• Isolation levels include READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, and SERIALIZABLE.

• Propagation types include REQUIRED, REQUIRES_NEW, SUPPORTS, MANDATORY, and NEVER.

• Isolation levels control the visibility of changes made ...read more
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Q11. What are the different design patterns used in microservice architecture?
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Design patterns in microservice architecture help in solving common design problems and improving scalability, maintainability, and flexibility.
• Service Registry pattern - used for service discovery and registration

• Circuit Breaker pattern - used for fault tolerance and resilience

• API Gateway pattern - used for routing and load balancing

• Saga pattern - used for managing distributed transactions

• Event Sourcing pattern - used...read more
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Q12. How does inter-service communication work in microservices?
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Inter-service communication in microservices involves using protocols like HTTP, gRPC, or messaging queues.
• Microservices communicate with each other through APIs using protocols like HTTP or gRPC.

• Message queues like RabbitMQ or Kafka can be used for asynchronous communication between services.

• Service discovery tools like Consul or Eureka help services locate each other dynamically.

• API gateways can be used to manage and...read more
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Q13. How does fault tolerance work in microservices?
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Fault tolerance in microservices ensures system reliability by handling failures gracefully.
• Microservices architecture breaks down applications into smaller, independent services.

• Each microservice is designed to be resilient to failures and can continue to operate even if one service fails.

• Fault tolerance is achieved through redundancy, monitoring, and graceful degradation.

• Examples of fault tolerance mechanisms include...read more
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Q14. How does Apache Kafka work?
Ans. 
Apache Kafka is a distributed streaming platform that allows for the publishing and subscribing to streams of records.
• Apache Kafka is designed to be highly scalable and fault-tolerant.

• It uses a distributed commit log to store messages.

• Producers publish messages to topics, and consumers subscribe to topics to receive messages.

• Kafka can be used for real-time stream processing, data pipelines, and event sourcing.

• It provid...read more
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Q15. What is the difference between RestTemplate and Feign Client?
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RestTemplate is a synchronous client for making HTTP requests, while Feign Client is a declarative HTTP client that simplifies making API calls.
• RestTemplate is part of the Spring framework and requires manual configuration for each request.

• Feign Client is a declarative client that uses annotations to define API endpoints and parameters.

• RestTemplate is synchronous, blocking the calling thread until the response is recei...read more
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Q1. General managerial questions focusing on projects worked as well as testing and deployment strategies used
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Q1. General managerial questions
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Q1. Normal HR Questions like why leaving job ,notice period ,expectations
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