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HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) and VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) are network protocols used for providing high availability in routing.
HSRP and VRRP are used to provide redundancy for routers in a network.
They allow for automatic failover in case of a router failure.
HSRP is a Cisco proprietary protocol, while VRRP is an open standard protocol.
Both protocols use a virtual IP address that clients use as t...
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven layers.
The OSI model stands for Open Systems Interconnection model.
It helps in understanding how different networking protocols work together.
Each layer in the OSI model has specific functions and communicates with adjacent layers.
Examples of OSI model layers include physical layer, data link la
I was interviewed in Oct 2023.
VRRP stands for Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, used to provide high availability for routers by creating a virtual IP address.
VRRP allows multiple routers to work together in a group, with one router acting as the master and others as backups.
If the master router fails, one of the backup routers takes over the virtual IP address to ensure continuous network connectivity.
VRRP uses a priority value to determine whic...
VLANs are created to segment network traffic, improve network performance, enhance security, and simplify network management.
Segment network traffic to improve performance and reduce congestion
Enhance security by isolating sensitive data or devices
Simplify network management by grouping devices logically
Allow for easier troubleshooting and maintenance
Enable better control over broadcast domains
Example: Creating separat
Configuring FAILOVER via static Route involves setting up multiple routes with different priorities.
Create multiple static routes with different next-hop IP addresses
Assign different administrative distances to each static route
Configure IP SLA to track the primary route and switch to the secondary route if the primary route fails
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks on the internet.
BGP is used by internet service providers to make routing decisions.
It operates on TCP port 179.
BGP uses path attributes to determine the best route to a destination.
BGP can be configured in different ways such as eBGP (external BGP) and iBGP (internal BGP).
NTT Data interview questions for designations
Routers switch configuration and commands involve setting up and managing network devices for efficient data routing.
Routers use commands like 'show ip route' to display routing table information
Configuration involves setting up IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways
Commands like 'show interfaces' can display interface status and configuration details
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I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed before Oct 2023. There were 3 interview rounds.
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a routing protocol used to determine the best path for data packets in a network.
OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that uses Dijkstra's algorithm to calculate the shortest path to each network.
OSPF routers exchange Link State Advertisements (LSAs) to build a topology database.
There are several types of LSAs, including Router LSAs, Network LSAs, Summary LSAs, and AS External LSAs.
O...
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems.
BGP has four main states: Idle, Connect, OpenSent, and Established.
BGP attributes include AS_PATH, NEXT_HOP, LOCAL_PREF, and ORIGIN.
AS_PATH attribute shows the path the route has taken through different autonomous systems.
NEXT_HOP attribute specifies the next hop IP address to reach a particular...
I was interviewed before Feb 2023.
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed before Jan 2022. There were 5 interview rounds.
Aptitude questions. Not much considered for final selection.
I applied via Approached by Company and was interviewed before Mar 2021. There were 2 interview rounds.
LSA Types are used in OSPF to describe the type of information contained in the LSA.
Type 1: Router LSA - contains information about the router and its directly connected networks
Type 2: Network LSA - describes the networks connected to a multi-access network
Type 3: Summary LSA - contains information about networks outside of the area
Type 4: ASBR Summary LSA - describes the ASBR router to the rest of the OSPF domain
Type...
BGP attributes are used to determine the best path for routing traffic between autonomous systems.
BGP attributes include: AS Path, Next Hop, Local Preference, Weight, Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED), Origin, and Community
AS Path is a list of autonomous systems that the route has passed through
Next Hop is the IP address of the next router in the path
Local Preference is used to indicate the preferred path for outbound tra...
I applied via Campus Placement and was interviewed in Sep 2024. There were 3 interview rounds.
It is online test. In this test there is question of apti and also coding and from 5g question.
There are two questions asked and time is enough to solve 60 minutes
A palindrome number is a number that remains the same when its digits are reversed.
Convert the number to a string
Reverse the string
Check if the reversed string is equal to the original string
Create a function to add two numbers
Define a function that takes two parameters as input
Inside the function, add the two numbers together and return the result
Example: function addNumbers(num1, num2) { return num1 + num2; }
Binary search code implementation in Python
Define a function that takes a sorted array and a target value as input
Initialize two pointers, low and high, to the start and end of the array respectively
While low is less than or equal to high, calculate mid as (low + high) // 2 and compare array[mid] with target
If array[mid] is equal to target, return mid
If array[mid] is less than target, update low to mid + 1
If array[mid]...
A program to check if a given name is a palindrome or not.
Convert the name to lowercase to handle case-insensitivity
Remove any spaces or special characters from the name
Reverse the name and compare it with the original name to check for palindrome
malloc and calloc are functions in C programming used for dynamic memory allocation.
malloc function is used to allocate a single block of memory of a specified size.
calloc function is used to allocate multiple blocks of memory of a specified size, initialized to zero.
Example: int *ptr = (int*)malloc(5 * sizeof(int));
Example: int *ptr = (int*)calloc(5, sizeof(int));
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