Northern Trust Operating Services Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Round duration - 60 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Technical round with questions on DSA and OS.

Q1. 
LRU Cache Design Problem Statement
Design and implement a data structure for a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache that supports the following operations:
• get(key) - Retrieve the value associated with the...read more
Ans. 
Design and implement a Least Recently Used (LRU) cache data structure that supports get and put operations with a specified capacity.
• Implement a doubly linked list to keep track of the order of keys based on their usage.

• Use a hashmap to store key-value pairs for quick access and updates.

• When a key is accessed or updated, move it to the front of the linked list to mark it as the most recently used.

• When the cache reaches...read more
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Q2. 
Maximum of All Subarrays of Size K
Given an array of non-negative integers and an integer K representing the length of a subarray, your task is to determine the maximum elements for each subarray of size ...read more
Ans. 
Find the maximum elements for each subarray of size K in a given array.
• Iterate through the array and maintain a deque to store the indices of elements in decreasing order.

• Pop elements from the deque that are out of the current window.

• Keep track of the maximum element in each subarray of size K.

• Return the maximum elements for each subarray.
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Q3. What is virtual memory?
Ans. 
Virtual memory is a memory management technique that allows a computer to compensate for physical memory shortages by temporarily transferring data from RAM to disk storage.
• Virtual memory allows programs to use more memory than is physically available on the system.

• It helps in multitasking by allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously without running out of memory.

• Virtual memory uses a combination of RAM and disk...read more
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Q1. Normal q and ans on the job subject
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Q2. Noral q and ans in node js.
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Q1. Tell us about your Background and Experience that would make sure you are fit for this role
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Q2. Write a program that converts the alternate letters of a sentence into uppercase, whitespace excluded
Ans. 
Program to convert alternate letters of a sentence to uppercase, excluding whitespace
• Iterate through each character of the sentence

• Check if the character is a letter and if its index is odd

• Convert the letter to uppercase if conditions are met
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Q3. Balanced parenthesis program
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Q4. Explain your approach to solving balanced parenthesis program
Ans. 
I approach solving balanced parenthesis program by using a stack data structure.
• Use a stack to keep track of opening parentheses

• Iterate through the input string and push opening parentheses onto the stack

• When a closing parenthesis is encountered, pop from the stack and check if it matches the closing parenthesis

• If stack is empty at the end and all parentheses are matched, the string is balanced
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Q5. Is there anything else that you want to tell us about yourselves?
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Q1. Tell me about yourself.
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Q2. Tell me about your project, tools and algorithms used
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Q3. Write a program to print the top five students in a classroom, including edge cases
Ans. 
Program to print top five students in a classroom, handling edge cases
• Create a list of students with their grades

• Sort the list in descending order based on grades

• Print the top five students, handling cases where there are less than five students or ties in grades
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Q4. Exceptional handling
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Q1. Program to check if the given string is palindrome
Ans. 
A program to check if a given string is a palindrome.
• Create a function that takes a string as input.

• Reverse the string and compare it with the original string.

• If they are the same, then the string is a palindrome.

• Example: 'racecar' is a palindrome.

• Example: 'hello' is not a palindrome.
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Q2. Program to return Fibonacci series
Ans. 
A program to return Fibonacci series using recursion or iteration
• Use recursion to generate Fibonacci series

• Use iteration to generate Fibonacci series

• Handle edge cases like negative input or input of 0 or 1

• Example: Fibonacci series up to 10 - 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34
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Q3. Different ways to create a table in python
Ans. 
Different ways to create a table in Python include using pandas, sqlite3, and SQLAlchemy libraries.
• Using pandas library to create a table from a dictionary or list of lists

• Using sqlite3 library to create a table in a SQLite database

• Using SQLAlchemy library to create a table in a SQL database
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Q1. Tell me about your strength and weaknesses
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Q1. Sql question,python
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Q1. Mostly etl, python
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Q1. Etl questions ,
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