Mirafra Technologies Verification Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Code for Handshake in UVM

• Create a sequence item for handshake

• Use a sequence to drive the handshake

• Implement the handshake protocol in the driver and monitor

• Use analysis ports to check for successful handshake

Toggle the bits of given input

• Create a mask with all bits set to 1

• XOR the input with the mask to toggle the bits

• Repeat the process for each bit position

Print a star pattern using loops

• Use nested loops to print the desired pattern

• Increment the number of stars in each row to create the pattern

• Example: for a pattern with 5 rows - * , ** , *** , **** , *****

Coverage-driven verification techniques are used to ensure all possible state transitions are exercised.

• Coverage metrics like state, transition, and toggle coverage can be used to track the completeness of state transitions.

• Writing directed tests to cover specific state transitions can help achieve higher coverage.

• Random stimulus generation can also be used to explore different state transitions.

• Functional coverage can...read more

Yes, setup and hold uncertainty values are different in physical design engineering.

• Setup uncertainty is related to the arrival time of the data signal at the input of the flip-flop, while hold uncertainty is related to the removal time of the data signal.

• Setup time is the minimum amount of time the data input must be stable before the clock edge, while hold time is the minimum amount of time the data input must be sta...read more

ICG stands for Inter-Chip Global. It is a network that connects multiple chips in a system.

• ICG is used to transfer data between different chips in a system

• It helps in reducing the number of wires required for communication between chips

• ICG can be used in various design aspects such as clock distribution, power management, and data transfer

• Example: In a multi-chip system, ICG can be used to transfer clock signals from o

MSCTS can help in achieving better clock distribution and reducing skew at SOC level CTS.

• MSCTS (Multi-Source Clock Tree Synthesis) can optimize the clock tree for better skew and jitter performance.

• It can also help in reducing power consumption by optimizing the clock network.

• MSCTS can handle multiple clock sources and ensure proper synchronization.

• It can also help in meeting timing constraints and reducing clock tree ...read more

Fixing setup and hold time violations simultaneously requires adjusting clock timing and/or data path delays.

• Identify the critical path causing the violations

• Adjust the clock timing to meet setup and hold requirements

• Adjust the data path delays to meet setup and hold requirements

• Use tools like static timing analysis and delay calculation to determine necessary adjustments

• Iteratively adjust timing and delays until viola

Integrating and differentiating signals through software embedded C for 8-bit and 16-bit architecture involves utilizing appropriate data types and algorithms.

• Use fixed-point arithmetic for 8-bit architecture to maintain precision

• Leverage floating-point arithmetic for 16-bit architecture for higher precision

• Implement algorithms like finite difference method for differentiation

• Utilize digital signal processing technique...read more

Digital filters can be implemented through software by using algorithms such as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) or Infinite Impulse Response (IIR).

• Choose the appropriate filter type based on the desired frequency response and computational complexity

• Implement the filter algorithm in the firmware code using programming languages like C or assembly

• Optimize the filter design for efficient memory usage and processing speed

• Te...read more