Microsoft Corporation Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced

Q1. Design a generic notification system.
Ans. 
Design a generic notification system.
• Define different types of notifications (email, SMS, push notifications)

• Implement a way to schedule notifications

• Allow users to customize notification preferences

• Include a logging system to track sent notifications

• Consider security measures to protect user data
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Q2. LLD for a distributed cache service.
Ans. 
LLD for a distributed cache service involves designing the architecture, data flow, and communication protocols.
• Design a scalable architecture with multiple nodes for storing and retrieving data.

• Implement data partitioning to distribute data across nodes efficiently.

• Define communication protocols for nodes to coordinate and synchronize data.

• Include mechanisms for data replication and consistency across nodes.

• Consider f...read more
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Q1. Question related to my current work.
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Q1. Design Memory Management system
Ans. 
Design a memory management system for efficient allocation and deallocation of memory in software applications.
• Implement a memory pool to pre-allocate a fixed amount of memory for frequent allocation and deallocation operations.

• Use garbage collection to automatically reclaim memory that is no longer in use.

• Implement memory segmentation to divide memory into different segments for better organization and management.

• Use ...read more
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Q1. OS basics, locking mechanism, etc
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Q1. Leetcode island Graph problem
Ans. 
Count the number of islands in a 2D grid of '1's (land) and '0's (water).
• Use Depth-First Search (DFS) or Breadth-First Search (BFS) to explore each island.

• Iterate through each cell in the grid; if a '1' is found, increment the island count.

• Mark visited land cells by changing '1's to '0's to avoid counting them again.

• Example: In a grid [[1,1,0],[0,0,1],[1,0,1]], there are 4 islands.
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DSA based arrays , graph and strings

HLD discussion for scalable product

1 Hour, DSA, Face to face

Q1. Design a parking lot
Ans. 
Design a parking lot with multiple levels and spots for different types of vehicles
• Create multiple levels in the parking lot to accommodate more vehicles

• Design different types of spots for cars, motorcycles, and larger vehicles

• Implement a system for tracking available spots and guiding vehicles to open spots
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Q1. Find a free IP range in an infinite pool of reserve IPs
Ans. 
To find a free IP range in an infinite pool of reserve IPs, we can iterate through the pool and check for available ranges.
• Iterate through the pool of reserve IPs

• Check for consecutive available IPs to form a range

• Return the first free IP range found
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Q2. Print the content of a spiral matrix
Ans. 
Print the content of a spiral matrix
• Create a 2D array to represent the matrix

• Use four variables to keep track of boundaries (top, bottom, left, right)

• Iterate through the matrix in a spiral pattern, printing each element as you go
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Q3. Design a parking lot
Ans. 
Design a parking lot with multiple levels and automated ticketing system
• Include multiple levels for parking spaces

• Implement automated ticketing system for entry and exit

• Utilize sensors to detect available parking spots

• Incorporate payment options for customers

• Provide security measures such as CCTV cameras and alarms
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