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Microsoft Corporation Senior Full Stack Developer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips
Microsoft Corporation Senior Full Stack Developer Interview Experiences
1 interview found
Anonymous
Interview Questionnaire
5 Questions
- Q1. What is the difference between Service and Component in Angular
- Ans.
Service provides data and functionality while Component handles UI and user interaction.
Service is a singleton object that can be injected into multiple components
Component is a directive with a template and styles
Service provides data and functionality to components
Component handles UI and user interaction
Services can be used to share data between components
Components can communicate with services using dependency inj
- Q2. What is the most critical technical challenge you faced in the careet and how did you resolve it
- Q3. Which is the best to use either the State variables or Properties in ReactJS and why
- Ans.
State variables are best for managing component's internal state, while properties are best for passing data from parent to child components.
State variables are mutable and can be changed within the component
Properties are immutable and cannot be changed within the component
State variables are used to manage the component's internal state
Properties are used to pass data from parent to child components
State variables ar...
- Q4. How do you configure the Authentication system in API service and how do you ensure that it is not hacked from external sources
- Ans.
Authentication system in API service must be configured securely to prevent external hacking.
Use strong encryption algorithms to store passwords
Implement multi-factor authentication
Use HTTPS protocol to encrypt data in transit
Implement rate limiting to prevent brute force attacks
Regularly update and patch the authentication system
Use secure coding practices to prevent injection attacks
- Q5. How the clients of one domain will be made to access the API service? How do the different domains based clients authentication and authorization are managed in the API service
- Ans.
Clients of one domain can access API service through authentication and authorization managed by API service.
API service can use OAuth2.0 for authentication and authorization
Different domains can have different client IDs and secrets for OAuth2.0
API service can use JWT for token-based authentication
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) can be used to allow access from different domains
Skills evaluated in this interview
Interview questions from similar companies
Interview Questionnaire
20 Questions
- Q1. He asked me my specialization?
- Q2. Why not further studies? (He had noted that I was third in my batch. He appeared impressed by that
- Q3. He asked me to tell him about my favorite project
- Q4. He then looked at my grades. He commented that my lowest grade – B- was in Digital Image Processing. I just looked at him like a doofus thinking of what to say. But he quickly added, ‘don’t worry, it happe...
- Q5. He then asked me a question that had been asked in Round 4, written test:Describe an optimal algorithm to find the second minimum number in an array of numbers. What is the exact number of comparisons requ...
- Q6. Given a polygon (could be regular, irregular, convex, concave), find out whether a particular point lies inside it or outside it
- Ans.
To determine if a point is inside a polygon, use the ray casting algorithm.
Create a line from the point to a point outside the polygon
Count the number of times the line intersects with the polygon edges
If the count is odd, the point is inside the polygon; otherwise, it is outside
- Q7. He asked me to explain Canny’s algorithm to him. (this was because my DIP project was related to this)
- Q8. Then, he gave me a practical problem to solve: Suppose you are given an image which contains some text and some photos. How do you find the location of the image?
- Q9. Which are the four storage classes in C
- Ans.
The four storage classes in C are auto, register, static, and extern.
Auto: default storage class for all local variables
Register: used to define local variables that should be stored in a register instead of RAM
Static: used to define local variables that retain their value between function calls
Extern: used to declare a global variable that is defined in another file
- Q10. Given a program: int i; int main() { int j; int *k = (int *) malloc (sizeof(int)); … } Where are each of these variables stored?
- Ans.
i is stored in global data segment, j is stored in stack, k is stored in heap.
i is a global variable and is stored in the global data segment
j is a local variable and is stored in the stack
k is a pointer variable and is stored in the stack, while the memory it points to is allocated on the heap using malloc()
- Q11. Question on polymorphisms
- Q12. He again went back to the first question he had asked me. Once again
- Q13. Then he wrote out some code and asked me how the compiler will generate code for it. I gave some answer, but he was clearly not satisfied. I thought it was all over by then. Then, he asked me a DIP quest...
- Q14. Given a set of words one after another, give me a data structure so that you’ll know whether a word has appeared already or not
- Ans.
Use a hash table to store the words and check for existence in constant time.
Create a hash table with the words as keys and a boolean value as the value.
For each new word, check if it exists in the hash table. If it does, it has appeared before. If not, add it to the hash table.
Alternatively, use a set data structure to store only the unique words and check for existence in the set.
- Q15. He asked me some questions on Interprocess Communication: What’s a semaphore? How are they used? He would often pick out words from my answers and ask me what they meant. He wanted to make sure that I rea...
- Q16. He then asked me some DB fundas. Transaction. Serializability, Consistent state, etc
- Q17. Finally, he asked me whether I had any questions
- Q18. There is a clock at the bottom of the hill and a clock at the top of the hill. The clock at the bottom of the hill works fine but the clock at the top doesn’t. How will you synchronize the two clocks. Obv...
- Q19. There was one more puzzle.. I don’t remember it. but I do remember that we started discussing ways of generating large prime numbers
- Q20. We also talked a bit about my phone browser project
Interview Preparation Tips
Duration: 15 minutes
Total Questions: 1
Round: Test
Duration: 30 minutes
Total Questions: 2
Round: Test
Duration: 30 minutes
Total Questions: 3
Round: Test
Total Questions: 4
Round: Technical Interview
Experience: 1.When I told him that I had none as I didn’t want to specialize in this stage, he was a little surprised but appeared satisfied with my reason.2.I told him that my profile clearly indicated that I’ve been trying to get into the industry via internships, industry-funded projects right from second year, second sem. I said that I was fully sure that I didn’t want to do MS anytime soon.3.I told him about the web-browser that I had developed for cell-phones. I thought that was the only project which was closest to what Adobe was working on. He appeared satisfied with my answers.4. So people, be fully prepared to explain any anomalous grades. I was prepared with the explanation of the W in the my grade-sheet but not of the B- in DIP. I know that this is really stupid considering that I was interviewing with Adobe. Don’t make this mistake.5.I screwed up, big time in this question. I had superficially discussed this question with my friend a while ago and he had outlined an algorithm which I thought that I had understood, but I hadn’t. I started off explaining it but got stuck in the middle. He sternly told me to read it up again. One solution that I could tell him, and which I had written in the test was this Use two variables – min and second min. Initialize them by comparing the first two elements of the array. This is (1) comparison. Then, go through the entire array, from index 2 to n-1 comparing each element, first with min and then with second min, updating each variable as necessary. This will involve a worst case of two comparisons for each element. Therefore, total number of comparisons = 2*(n-2) + 1 = 2*n – 3 comparisons.I’ll try to update this with a better solution, sometime soon.6.This is an easy, straight question from graphics. You shoot a ray parallel to the x-axis passing through this point. Start with odd parity. Change parity of ray each time it intersects an edge of the polygon (consider special case of when the line passes through a vertex of the polygon. Change parity only if it passes through a vertex which has one edge above it and one edge below the ray). If the parity of ray is even when it passes through the point, it is inside the polygon, else it is not.7.This is simple. Study DIP8.I gave various alternatives – from searching for RGB components, to using OCR.. he didn’t appear fully satisfied. I think he was looking for edge-detection, but that would fail, if the text contained tables, etc.
Round: Technical Interview
Experience: He was friendly at the start but this interview was my worst. He asked me my favorite subject. I said that it was Programming. (He laughed at that)
1. static, extern, register, auto2.I started off correctly, but he was able to confuse me. He brought in shared libraries, static libraries fundas into the discussion. We had a discussion for about twenty-minutes on this. Finally, he was happy with one of my answers because I had deduced which policy made sense and answered correctly. He said that out of all the people interviewed so far (I was second last), nobody had been able to answer all of these questions correctly.3.this is easy – get it from any C++ book. He tried to confuse me again, but this time I was ready and he was finally satisfied.Then he looked at my grades and said that out of all your grades, you have only two Bs and one of them is in Compilers. Why? (Damn it. three non-A grades and that’s all they ask about. What’s wrong with this world?!)Didn’t you like Compilers? “Not in particular”, I replied. “Fine. Now, I HAVE to ask you questions on compilers”, he said.4.He again went back to the first question he had asked me. Once again5.I first suggested that we capture only a small portion of the board. To locate that portion, we could search for the chalk in the prof’s hand – of course, taking care that it had the blackboard in the background (no point capturing a video of the prof scratching his chin, na?). Further, if the prof was writing only text, we could convert the video into text by OCR and then transmitting. Simple diagrams could also be reduced to a set of vector-graphics instructions (we rarely, see the prof shading stuff). I think he liked my approach, but was not completely satisfied. Anyway, we left it at that and went forward.6.I suggested various alternatives. but he kept helping me and finally, we came up with an array of pointers to 26-trees (each node of the tree has 26 children). Store every word as a path from the root to a leaf with pointers in the correct places. For example, hello would be stored as – pointer from ‘h’ index of the root array to a node which had a pointer from ‘e’ index of it’s array to a node which had a pointer from ‘l’ index of the array.. and so on. This is both time and space efficient.7.I was able to answer all his questions, but I made the mistake of telling him, when we started off that I didn’t know much about this subject as I had done it a long time ago. He was very annoyed at that, apparently because a lot of people before me had said this.8.I was able to answer all of them. I stumbled around a bit in a few questions where I was explaining correctly, but not using the keywords that he was looking for.9.I thought that I should say something to make him realize that I was not completely stupid and so asked him whether there was any logic to the order in which the short-listed candidates were called. This turned out to be a dumb move. The order was alphabetic and he sent me off with a parting shot, saying “You guys do pattern recognition and stuff and still you can’t recognize such a simple pattern” Me and my big mouth! Moral of the story: Don’t ask questions for the sake of asking.
Round: Puzzle Interview
Experience: After the first two interviews, this one was like having a warm batch after being cold and wet for days! I did well in this one.1.You have to go up the hill and come back, with horse, without horse, getting four equations to solve four unknowns – time to go uphill – with horse, without horse, time to go downhill – with horse, without horse. Then you can go up the hill and set the clock to ‘(time when you left) + (time to go uphill with horse)’2. I told him the funda of Mersenee primes (luckily remembered it) and he was decently impressed.
General Tips: Finally hired by Adobe. Special thanks to AmbitionBox team. Really amazing site for sharing experience. That’s all for the Adobe. They are focusing on your approach and your coding skills. All the best.
Skills: Algorithm, Data structure, C++, C, DIP
College Name: BIT Mesra
Skills evaluated in this interview
I was interviewed before Jan 2021.
(2 Questions)
Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
The interviewer asked me 2 questions related to DS/Algo in this round . Both the questions were of Easy-Medium difficulty and I was also required to code them in a production ready manner.
- Q1.
Maximum Sum Path in a Binary Tree Problem Statement
You are provided with a binary tree consisting of
Nnodes where each node has an integer value. The task is to determine the maximum sum achievable by a... - Ans.
Find the maximum sum achievable by a simple path between any two nodes in a binary tree.
Traverse the binary tree to find all possible paths and calculate their sums.
Keep track of the maximum sum encountered during traversal.
Consider paths that may include the same node twice.
Implement a recursive function to explore all possible paths.
Handle cases where nodes have negative values.
- Q2.
Intersection of Two Arrays Problem Statement
Given two arrays
AandBwith sizesNandMrespectively, both sorted in non-decreasing order, determine their intersection.The intersection of two arrays in...
- Ans.
The problem involves finding the intersection of two sorted arrays efficiently.
Use two pointers to iterate through both arrays simultaneously.
Compare elements at the pointers and move the pointers accordingly.
Handle cases where elements are equal, and update the intersection array.
Return the intersection array as the result.
(3 Questions)
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 questions of DS/Algo to solve under 50 minutes and one question related to Operating Systems.
- Q1.
Next Greater Element Problem Statement
You are provided with an array or list
ARRcontainingNpositive integers. Your task is to determine the Next Greater Element (NGE) for each element in the array.T...
- Ans.
Find the Next Greater Element for each element in an array.
Iterate through the array from right to left
Use a stack to keep track of elements with no greater element to the right
Pop elements from the stack until finding a greater element or stack is empty
- Q2.
Number In Arithmetic Progression Problem
Given three integers
X,C, andY, whereXis the first term of an arithmetic sequence with a common difference ofC, determine ifYis part of this arithmetic sequ... - Ans.
Check if a given number is part of an arithmetic sequence with a given first term and common difference.
Calculate the arithmetic sequence using the formula: nth term = X + (n-1) * C
Check if Y is equal to any term in the sequence to determine if it belongs to the sequence
Return 'True' if Y belongs to the sequence, otherwise return 'False'
- Q3. Can you define process and threads in operating systems?
- Ans.
Processes are instances of programs in execution, while threads are smaller units within a process that can execute independently.
A process is a program in execution, consisting of code, data, and resources.
Threads are smaller units within a process that can execute independently.
Processes have their own memory space, while threads share the same memory space within a process.
Processes are heavyweight, while threads ar...
(3 Questions)
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round had 2 questions of DSA of Easy-Medium difficulty and at the end I was asked a Puzzle to check my general problem solving ability.
- Q1.
Max Product Subset Problem Statement
Given an array/list
arrof sizen, determine the maximum product possible by taking any subset of the array/listarr. Return the result modulo10^9+7since the product ... - Ans.
Find the maximum product of a subset of an array modulo 10^9+7.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the maximum positive product and minimum negative product encountered so far.
Handle cases where the array contains zeros separately.
Return the maximum product modulo 10^9+7.
- Q2.
Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node
Given a complete binary tree with 'N' nodes, your task is to determine the 'next' node immediately to the right in level order for each node in the given tree.
... - Ans.
Implement a function to update 'next' pointers in a complete binary tree.
Iterate level by level using a queue
Connect nodes at each level using 'next' pointers
Handle null nodes appropriately
Ensure the tree is a complete binary tree
- Q3. You have two wires of different lengths that are both capable of burning for exactly one hour when ignited at both ends. How can you measure a time interval of 45 minutes using these two wires?
(2 Questions)
Round duration - 50 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium
This round consisted of 2 questions from DSA where I was first asked to explain my approach to the interviewer with proper complexity analysis and then code the problems. The interviewer was quite friendly and also provided me some hints when I was stuck.
- Q1.
Stack with getMin Operation
Create a stack data structure that supports not only the usual push and pop operations but also getMin(), which retrieves the minimum element, all in O(1) time complexity witho...
- Ans.
Implement a stack with push, pop, top, isEmpty, and getMin operations in O(1) time complexity without using extra space.
Use two stacks - one to store the actual elements and another to store the minimum element at each level.
When pushing an element, check if it is smaller than the current minimum and update the minimum stack accordingly.
When popping an element, also pop from the minimum stack if the popped element is t...
- Q2.
Split Array Into Maximum Subarrays Problem Statement
You are given an integer array
arrof sizeN. Your task is to split the array into the maximum number of subarrays such that the first and last occurre... - Ans.
Given an array, split it into maximum subarrays with first and last occurrence of each element in a single subarray.
Iterate through the array and keep track of the first and last occurrence of each element.
Use a hashmap to store the indices of each element.
Split the array whenever the last occurrence of an element is found.
Interview Preparation Tips
Tip 1 : Must do Previously asked Interview as well as Online Test Questions.
Tip 2 : Go through all the previous interview experiences from Codestudio and Leetcode.
Tip 3 : Do at-least 2 good projects and you must know every bit of them.
Tip 1 : Have at-least 2 good projects explained in short with all important points covered.
Tip 2 : Every skill must be mentioned.
Tip 3 : Focus on skills, projects and experiences more.
Skills evaluated in this interview
Interview Questionnaire
12 Questions
- Q1. Given a binary tree and an integer x, return whether the binary tree has a path from root to a leaf whose values sum to x
- Q2. Gievn a binary tree and return all root to leaf node pathss row,col and value
- Ans.
Return all root to leaf node paths in a binary tree with row, col and value.
Traverse the binary tree recursively and keep track of the current path.
When a leaf node is reached, add the path to the result array.
Include row, col and value of each node in the path.
Use an array of strings to store the paths.
- Q3. He then asked me to give test cases for testing this program
- Q4. Given two unsorted arrays of numbers and asked me to find the intersection
- Q5. GetMax() function for a stack in O(1)
- Ans.
To get max value from a stack in O(1), maintain a separate stack to keep track of maximum values.
Create a separate stack to keep track of maximum values
Push the maximum value onto the stack whenever a new maximum is encountered
Pop the maximum value stack whenever the top element of the main stack is popped
Return the top element of the maximum value stack to get the maximum value in O(1)
- Q6. GetMax() function for a queue in O(1)
- Ans.
To get max element from a queue in O(1) time complexity
Maintain a separate variable to keep track of the maximum element in the queue
Update the maximum element variable whenever a new element is added or removed from the queue
Return the maximum element variable when getMax() function is called
- Q7. Given an array in which consecutive elements differ by 1, i.e. a[i] – a[i + 1] = 1 or -1, and an element x, find the element in the array
- Q8. Given an array, find the Next Greatest Element to the right for each element
- Ans.
Find the Next Greatest Element to the right for each element in an array of strings.
Iterate through the array from right to left
Use a stack to keep track of elements
Pop elements from stack until a greater element is found
If no greater element is found, assign -1
Return the result array
- Q9. Given an expression, remove unnecessary parenthesis. For example if (((a + b)) * c) is given make it (a + b) * c, as it evaluates in the same way without those parenthesis also
- Ans.
To remove unnecessary parenthesis from an expression, we need to apply a set of rules to identify and eliminate them.
Identify and remove parenthesis around single variables or constants
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with only one operator
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with operators of equal precedence
Identify and remove parenthesis around expressions with operators of different ...
- Q10. Given an array of integers, find the maximum product which can be formed by three numbers
- Ans.
Find the maximum product of three integers in an array.
Sort the array in descending order.
Check the product of the first three numbers and the product of the first and last two numbers.
Return the maximum of the two products.
- Q11. Given an array of integers, find the length of the longest consecutive sub array which forms an AP
- Ans.
Find length of longest consecutive sub array forming an AP from given array of integers.
Sort the array in ascending order
Iterate through the array and find the longest consecutive sub array forming an AP
Use a variable to keep track of the length of the current consecutive sub array forming an AP
Use another variable to keep track of the length of the longest consecutive sub array forming an AP seen so far
- Q12. Given a binary tree, connect all the nodes at the same level. Each node will have a next pointer; you have to make it point to the next node to its right in the same level. If there is no such node, make ...
Interview Preparation Tips
College Name: NA
Skills evaluated in this interview
I applied via Recruitment Consultant and was interviewed before Oct 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
Interview Questionnaire
3 Questions
- Q1. C++ oops concepts
- Q2. Early and late binding
- Q3. Copy constructors
Interview Preparation Tips
I applied via Company Website and was interviewed in Oct 2018. There was 0 interview round.
Interview Preparation Tips
You need to stay calm and should apply presence of mind. Please go through the job description thoroughly word-by-word and recheck your resume to ensure that you are a best-fit for the position.
Skills: Communication, Body Language, Problem Solving, Leadership, Presentation Skills
Duration: <1 week
I applied via Walk-in and was interviewed in Jan 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
Interview Questionnaire
5 Questions
- Q1. Basic structure of an HTML page
- Ans.
Basic structure of an HTML page includes doctype declaration, html, head, and body tags.
DOCTYPE declaration specifies the HTML version
HTML tag wraps the entire content of the page
Head tag contains meta information, title, and links to external resources
Body tag contains the visible content of the page
- Q2. What is the difference between padding and margin?
- Ans.
Padding is the space inside an element, while margin is the space outside an element.
Padding is used to create space between an element's content and its border.
Margin is used to create space between an element's border and the adjacent elements.
Padding is affected by the background color of the element, while margin is not.
Padding can be set individually for each side of an element (top, right, bottom, left), while ma...
- Q3. What is Box Model?
- Ans.
Box Model is a concept in CSS where every element is treated as a box with content, padding, border, and margin.
Box Model consists of content, padding, border, and margin.
Content is the actual content of the box.
Padding is the space between the content and the border.
Border is the line that goes around the padding and content.
Margin is the space outside the border.
- Q4. What are different types of directives in Angular?
- Ans.
Directives in Angular are markers on DOM elements that tell Angular to attach a specified behavior to that element.
There are three types of directives in Angular: Component, Structural, and Attribute.
Component directives are used to create reusable UI components.
Structural directives are used to change the structure of the DOM.
Attribute directives are used to change the appearance or behavior of an element.
Examples of ...
- Q5. Difference between JIT compiler and AOT?
- Ans.
JIT compiles code at runtime while AOT compiles code before runtime.
JIT stands for Just-In-Time compilation and compiles code at runtime.
AOT stands for Ahead-Of-Time compilation and compiles code before runtime.
JIT is used in Java Virtual Machine (JVM) while AOT is used in languages like C and C++.
JIT can result in slower startup time but faster execution while AOT can result in faster startup time but slower execution...
Interview Preparation Tips
Skills evaluated in this interview
I applied via Naukri.com and was interviewed in Sep 2020. There were 5 interview rounds.
Interview Questionnaire
1 Question
- Q1. Most of the questions were on the technical skills and things I worked on added in my resume
Interview Preparation Tips
I applied via Monster and was interviewed before Mar 2020. There were 3 interview rounds.
Interview Questionnaire
1 Question
- Q1. How much salary you are expecting? Was my last question. .
Interview Preparation Tips
I applied via LinkedIn and was interviewed before Jul 2021. There were 2 interview rounds.
Easy logical questions
basic quant
Easy level coding questions
Counting frequency of alphabets
Interview Preparation Tips
Hoisting
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