50+ Interview Questions and Answers

Questions related to Power BI

• Calculate function is used to create new columns based on a formula while filter function is used to filter data based on a condition.

• Pivot table is used to summarize and aggregate data while unpivot table is used to transform data from wide to long format.

• Optimization techniques include reducing data model size, using calculated columns instead of measures, and minimizing data refresh frequency.

• Types of gateways include personal, on-premises, and...read more

Answers to Power BI related questions.

• sum function adds up the values in a column, while sumx function adds up the result of an expression evaluated for each row in a table

• X Velocity is a feature in Power BI that allows for faster data processing and analysis

• Types of filters in Power BI include visual level filters, page level filters, and report level filters

• Types of connection mode in Power BI include Import, DirectQuery, and Live Connection

Answering questions related to VMware, BSOD, troubleshooting, and patching tools.

• VMware is a virtualization software that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine.

• Standard switch is a virtual switch that connects virtual machines to the physical network, while DV switch is a distributed virtual switch that allows for centralized management of network configurations.

• BSOD stands for Blue Screen of Death, which is an error screen displayed on Windows...read more

Explanation of plugins, factory, dependency injection, REST API, and UI components and how to resolve queries related to them.

• Plugins are software components that add specific functionality to an existing application.

• A factory is a design pattern that provides an interface for creating objects in a superclass, but allows subclasses to alter the type of objects that will be created.

• Dependency injection is a technique where an object receives its dependencies from an external s...read more

Function App is a serverless compute service that enables you to run code on demand. Logic App is a workflow automation service.

• Function App is used to run code on demand without worrying about infrastructure

• Logic App is used to automate workflows and integrate systems

• Function App supports multiple languages and platforms

• Logic App has a visual designer to create workflows

• Example: A Function App can be used to process data from a queue

• Example: A Logic App can be used to automa...read more

The application lifecycle in ASP.NET MVC involves several stages from initialization to disposal.

• The application starts with the Application_Start event in Global.asax

• The request is then routed to the appropriate controller and action

• The controller processes the request and returns a view

• The view is rendered and returned to the client

• The application can be configured to use various middleware and services

• The application can be monitored and debugged using tools like Visual St...read more

Email Studio is a Salesforce tool for creating and sending personalized emails to targeted audiences.

• Create an email in Email Studio using drag-and-drop tools or HTML coding

• Select a targeted audience using Salesforce data

• Preview and test the email before sending

• Schedule or send the email to the selected audience

• Track email performance and engagement metrics

Calculate and filter functions in Power BI are used for performing calculations and filtering data in reports.

• Calculate function is used to create new calculated columns or measures based on existing data in Power BI.

• Filter function is used to apply filters to data in Power BI reports to display specific information.

• Examples: CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Amount]), 'Date'[Year]=2021) - calculates total sales amount for the year 2021.

• FILTER('Product', 'Product'[Category] = 'Electronics'...read more

Middleware in ASP.NET Core is software that sits between the web server and the application, handling requests and responses.

• Middleware is a pipeline of components that can be added to the application's request processing pipeline.

• Each middleware component can handle a specific aspect of the request/response cycle.

• Examples of middleware include authentication, logging, and routing.

• Middleware can be added to the pipeline using the Use() method in the Startup class.

• Middleware c...read more

Journey Builder is a tool in Salesforce Marketing Cloud that allows marketers to create and automate personalized customer journeys.

• Journey Builder is a drag-and-drop tool that enables marketers to create and manage customer journeys.

• It allows marketers to define the steps a customer takes in their journey, such as sending emails, SMS messages, or push notifications.

• Journey Builder also allows for real-time personalization based on customer behavior and preferences.

• Elements o...read more

With sharing and without sharing are keywords used in Apex to specify sharing rules for a class.

• With sharing enforces the sharing rules of the current user, while without sharing ignores them.

• With sharing is used for classes that access or modify data that belongs to multiple users, while without sharing is used for utility classes or classes that only access data owned by the current user.

• With sharing is the default behavior if sharing is not specified.

• Example: A class that ...read more

Field level securities in Aura components

• Use Lightning Data Service to enforce CRUD and FLS

• Use Apex to enforce additional security logic

• Use Lightning Design System to control visibility of fields

• Use custom validation rules to enforce business logic

• Use sharing rules to control record access

Docker is a containerization platform that allows developers to package, deploy, and run applications in isolated environments.

• Docker uses containerization to create lightweight, portable environments for applications

• Docker images are built using Dockerfiles, which specify the application and its dependencies

• Docker build command: docker build

• Docker containers can be run locally or in the cloud, and can be easily scaled up or down

• Docker Hub is a repository for Docker images, ...read more

Field-level security can be maintained using profiles, permission sets, and sharing rules.

• Profiles can be used to restrict access to fields for a group of users.

• Permission sets can be used to grant additional access to specific fields for certain users.

• Sharing rules can be used to extend access to fields beyond the default sharing settings.

• Validation rules can also be used to enforce data integrity and security at the field level.

sum vs sumx in Power BI, x-Velocity, optimization techniques, project-related questions

• sum is an aggregation function that calculates the total of a column, while sumx is an iterator function that performs a calculation for each row and then aggregates the results

• x-Velocity is a feature in Power BI that optimizes data storage and query performance by compressing and indexing data

• Optimization techniques in Power BI include data modeling, query optimization, and performance tun...read more

Static and transient keywords are used in Java programming language for different purposes.

• Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and methods that can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.

• Transient keyword is used to indicate that a variable should not be serialized when the object is converted to a byte stream.

• Static variables are shared among all instances of a class, while transient variables are not included in the serialization process.

• St...read more

To create project structure using Maven in AEM, follow these steps:

• Create a new Maven project in Eclipse or any other IDE

• Add AEM dependencies in the pom.xml file

• Create a content package using the AEM Maven Archetype

• Add the content package to the project structure

• Build the project using Maven

• Deploy the project to AEM using Maven or Package Manager

force:createRecord allows creation of records without Apex code.

• Saves time and effort by eliminating the need for Apex code

• Allows for easy creation of records from custom or standard objects

• Can be used in Lightning Experience, Salesforce mobile app, and Communities

• Can prepopulate fields with default values

• Can be used with custom Lightning components

• Example: Creating a new Account record from a custom Lightning component

ASP.NET MVC uses routing mechanism to map incoming requests to appropriate controller actions.

• Routing is responsible for URL mapping and pattern matching.

• Routes are defined in RouteConfig.cs file.

• Default route maps to {controller}/{action}/{id} pattern.

• Attribute routing allows defining routes at the controller or action level.

• Route constraints can be used to restrict the values of route parameters.

Improving application performance

• Identify and optimize slow database queries

• Minimize network requests and optimize data transfer

• Use caching to reduce server load and improve response time

• Optimize code by removing unnecessary loops and improving algorithms

• Use a content delivery network (CDN) to improve page load times

• Implement load balancing to distribute traffic evenly across servers

• Use profiling tools to identify performance bottlenecks

• Upgrade hardware or infrastructure if n...read more

A jar file contains compiled Java code while a pom file is used for managing dependencies and build configuration.

• A jar file is an archive file that contains compiled Java code, resources, and metadata.

• A pom file is an XML file used by Maven to manage dependencies and build configuration.

• A jar file is created by compiling Java code using a compiler like javac.

• A pom file is created manually or generated by a build tool like Maven.

• A jar file can be executed using the java comma...read more

Without sharing keyword is used in Apex to bypass sharing rules and access all data.

• Used in classes that need to access all data regardless of sharing rules

• Can be used in batch classes, trigger handlers, and unit tests

• Should be used with caution as it can compromise data security

• Example: Database.delete([SELECT Id FROM Account], false);

Challenges in TOSCA include complex test case design, limited community support, and integration issues.

• Complex test case design due to the graphical representation of test scenarios

• Limited community support for issue resolution and best practices

• Integration challenges with other tools and technologies in the testing ecosystem

We use JOIN query to link tables in SQL.

• JOIN query combines rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Types of JOINs include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN.

• Syntax: SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column;

• Example: SELECT * FROM customers JOIN orders ON customers.customer_id = orders.customer_id;

Application security can be ensured through various measures.

• Implementing secure coding practices

• Using encryption for sensitive data

• Regularly updating software and patches

• Implementing access controls and authentication mechanisms

• Conducting regular security audits and testing

• Using firewalls and intrusion detection systems

• Training employees on security best practices

• Implementing a disaster recovery plan

• Performing regular backups

• Using secure hosting and cloud services

Exceptions in TOSCA are handled using Try-Catch blocks and error handling activities.

• Use Try-Catch blocks to handle exceptions in TOSCA scripts.

• Utilize error handling activities like 'Raise Error' or 'Log Message' to manage exceptions.

• Implement custom error messages for better understanding of the issue.

• Use conditional statements to handle specific exceptions based on the scenario.

• Regularly review and update exception handling mechanisms for improved script reliability.

ITIL is a framework for IT service management that outlines best practices for IT processes.

• ITIL consists of five stages: Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operation, and Continual Service Improvement.

• Each stage has its own set of processes and activities that must be followed to ensure effective IT service management.

• Examples of ITIL processes include Incident Management, Problem Management, Change Management, and Service Level Management.

Transport process involves planning, organizing, and executing the movement of goods or people from one place to another.

• Planning the route and mode of transportation

• Organizing the logistics and scheduling

• Executing the actual movement of goods or people

• Monitoring the progress and ensuring timely delivery

Products can be physical or digital and have various attributes such as quality, features, and packaging.

• Physical products include tangible items like clothing, electronics, and furniture.

• Digital products include software, music, and e-books.

• Product attributes include quality, features, packaging, branding, and price.

• Quality can refer to the durability, reliability, and performance of a product.

• Features can include functionality, design, and customization options.

• Packaging ca...read more

Redux is a predictable state container for JavaScript apps.

• Redux is used for managing the state of an application in a predictable way.

• It helps in maintaining a single source of truth for the state.

• Redux is commonly used with React to manage the state of components.

• Actions are dispatched to update the state in Redux.

• Reducers specify how the state changes in response to actions.

SSIS is a data integration tool by Microsoft used for ETL operations.

• SSIS stands for SQL Server Integration Services.

• It is used for extracting, transforming, and loading data from various sources.

• It has a visual interface for designing workflows and tasks.

• SSIS packages can be scheduled and executed using SQL Server Agent.

• Examples of SSIS tasks include data cleansing, data migration, and data warehousing.

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications.

• Kubernetes is used to manage containerized applications across multiple hosts.

• It provides features like automatic scaling, self-healing, and rolling updates.

• Kubernetes uses a declarative approach to define the desired state of the application.

• It supports various container runtimes like Docker, CRI-O, and containerd.

• Kubernetes has a lar...read more

Anypoint MQ is a cloud-based message queuing service that enables reliable communication between applications.

• Anypoint MQ uses a publish-subscribe model for message delivery.

• It supports multiple protocols such as JMS, AMQP, and MQTT.

• It provides features like message filtering, dead-letter queues, and message encryption.

• Anypoint MQ can be integrated with MuleSoft's Anypoint Platform for seamless application integration.

• It offers high availability and scalability with automatic...read more

Mocking objects is a technique used in unit testing to simulate the behavior of real objects.

• Mocking is used to isolate the code being tested from its dependencies.

• It allows for more controlled and predictable testing.

• Mocking frameworks like Mockito and EasyMock can be used to create mock objects.

• Mock objects can be programmed to return specific values or throw exceptions.

• Mocking can also be used to test error handling and edge cases.

• However, overuse of mocking can lead to br...read more

User types in SAP include end users, power users, and administrators.

• End users are regular users who perform day-to-day tasks in the system.

• Power users have advanced permissions and can configure settings.

• Administrators have full control over the system and manage user roles and permissions.

SOD risk in GRC refers to Segregation of Duties risk in Governance, Risk, and Compliance.

• SOD risk occurs when one individual has the ability to execute multiple conflicting duties within an organization.

• It can lead to fraud, errors, or misuse of resources due to lack of checks and balances.

• Examples include a finance manager who can both approve payments and reconcile accounts, or an IT administrator who can both create user accounts and approve access permissions.

Content asset is the actual content while content slot is the placeholder for the content.

• Content asset is the actual content that is created and managed by content authors.

• Content slot is the placeholder for the content asset to be displayed on a page.

• Content asset can be reused in multiple content slots.

• Content slot can only display one content asset at a time.

• Example: A blog post is a content asset while a banner ad space on a website is a content slot.

Generics in C# allow for the creation of classes, interfaces, and methods that operate on data types without specifying the actual data type until it is used.

• Generics provide type safety, reusability, and performance improvements.

• Example: List allows for creating a list of any data type specified at runtime.

• Example: Dictionary allows for creating a dictionary with keys and values of any specified data types.

I handle pressure by staying organized, prioritizing tasks, and maintaining open communication with my team.

• Prioritize tasks based on deadlines and importance

• Break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable steps

• Practice deep breathing and mindfulness techniques to stay calm

• Delegate tasks when necessary to lighten the workload

• Communicate openly with team members about challenges and seek support when needed

Omnichannel is a marketing strategy that provides a seamless and integrated customer experience across all channels.

• Omnichannel focuses on creating a consistent brand experience across all channels

• It involves integrating online and offline channels such as social media, email, mobile, and physical stores

• Customers can interact with the brand through any channel and receive a consistent experience

• Examples include Starbucks' mobile app, which allows customers to order and pay fo...read more

The deployment process for IMS element involves several steps.

• The first step is to prepare the environment for deployment.

• Next, the IMS element is packaged and tested.

• Once the testing is complete, the package is deployed to the target environment.

• Post-deployment testing is performed to ensure the IMS element is functioning correctly.

• Finally, the deployment process is documented for future reference.

Web to Case is a Salesforce feature that allows customers to submit support cases through a web form.

• Web to Case creates a case record in Salesforce from information submitted through a web form.

• The web form can be customized to include specific fields and validation rules.

• Web to Case can be integrated with email-to-case to ensure all customer inquiries are captured in Salesforce.

• Examples of industries that use Web to Case include healthcare, finance, and retail.

• Web to Case c...read more

LDS stands for Local Data Store.

• LDS is a database that stores data locally on a device.

• It is commonly used in mobile applications to store data offline.

• LDS can be used to store user preferences, cached data, and other information.

• Examples of LDS include SQLite and Realm.

Batch in MuleSoft is a way to process large amounts of data in batches.

• Batch jobs are created using the Batch module in MuleSoft.

• Batch jobs can be triggered manually or scheduled to run at specific times.

• Batch jobs can process data from various sources such as databases, files, or APIs.

• Batch jobs can be configured to handle errors and retries.

• Batch jobs can also be used for parallel processing to improve performance.

• Example: A batch job can be created to process a large numbe...read more

SIP trace analysis involves examining SIP messages exchanged between endpoints to troubleshoot issues and optimize performance.

• Identify the SIP messages exchanged between endpoints

• Analyze the headers and body of each message

• Look for errors or inconsistencies in the messages

• Determine the cause of any issues and recommend solutions

• Examples of scenarios include call setup failures, call drops, and audio quality issues

Entity Framework loading stages include query creation, query execution, materialization, and tracking.

• Query creation: Entity Framework translates LINQ queries into SQL queries.

• Query execution: The SQL queries are executed against the database.

• Materialization: Results from the database are materialized into objects.

• Tracking: Entity Framework tracks changes to objects for updates to the database.

Volte roaming feature allows voice calls over LTE network while roaming.

• Volte roaming feature enables high-quality voice calls over LTE network while roaming.

• It provides faster call setup time and better voice quality compared to traditional circuit-switched voice calls.

• It requires support from both the home and visited network operators.

• It may incur additional charges for the user depending on the roaming agreement between the operators.

• Example: A user from India with a Volt...read more

A view is a virtual table created by a query that can be used like a table in a database.

• A view is a saved SQL query that can be accessed like a table.

• Views can simplify complex queries by storing them as a virtual table.

• Views can be used to restrict access to certain columns or rows of a table.

• Example: CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles in object-oriented programming.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle

• O - Open-Closed Principle

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle

• I - Interface Segregation Principle

• D - Dependency Inversion Principle

State management in React is the process of managing and updating the state of components to keep track of data changes.

• State management helps in maintaining the state of components and passing data between them.

• In React, state is typically managed within a component using the 'useState' hook or 'this.state' in class components.

• State can be updated using the 'setState' method in class components or by using the setter function returned by the 'useState' hook in functional com...read more

Function Apps in Azure are serverless applications that allow you to run small pieces of code without managing infrastructure.

• Function Apps are part of Azure App Service

• They support multiple programming languages like C#, Java, Python, etc.

• They can be triggered by various events like HTTP requests, timers, queues, etc.

• They can be used for tasks like data processing, file manipulation, sending notifications, etc.

A project flow is the sequence of steps or stages that need to be completed in order to achieve the project's objectives.

• Define project scope and objectives

• Create a project plan outlining tasks, timelines, and resources

• Assign tasks to team members and monitor progress

• Implement project plan and adjust as needed

• Test and evaluate project outcomes

• Deliver final project to stakeholders

SAP o2c stands for Order to Cash in SAP system, which involves the entire process from receiving customer orders to receiving payment.

• SAP o2c is a module in SAP that covers the entire order processing cycle.

• It includes activities such as order entry, pricing, delivery, billing, and payment processing.

• The main goal of SAP o2c is to streamline and automate the order fulfillment process.

• It helps in improving customer satisfaction by ensuring timely delivery and accurate billing....read more

A collection is a group of related items or objects stored together.

• Collections can be of various types such as arrays, lists, sets, maps, etc.

• They are used to store and manipulate multiple items in a structured way.

• Examples include an array of integers, a list of names, a set of unique values, a map of key-value pairs.