10+ Microsoft Corporation Interview Questions and Answers

Code to check if two words are anagrams

• Convert both words to lowercase

• Remove all spaces and punctuation

• Sort the characters in both words

• Compare the sorted words

CAN TP is a protocol used for transferring large data packets over Controller Area Network.

• CAN TP breaks large data packets into smaller segments for transmission

• It uses flow control mechanisms to ensure all segments are received and retransmits if necessary

• CAN TP is commonly used in automotive and industrial applications

Explanation of UART, SPI, CAN, I2C timing diagrams and frame formats.

• UART: asynchronous serial communication, start and stop bits, baud rate

• SPI: synchronous serial communication, master-slave architecture, clock polarity and phase

• CAN: differential serial communication, arbitration, error detection and correction

• I2C: synchronous serial communication, master-slave architecture, addressing, clock stretching

AUTOSAR is a standardized automotive software architecture aimed at improving modularity and reusability in vehicle systems.

• AUTOSAR stands for AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture.

• It provides a framework for developing software components that can be reused across different vehicle platforms.

• The architecture is divided into layers: Application Layer, Runtime Environment (RTE), and Basic Software (BSW).

• Practical experience includes implementing AUTOSAR compliant software for EC...read more

final, finalize and finally are three different things in Java

• final is a keyword used to declare a constant value

• finalize is a method called by garbage collector before destroying an object

• finally is a block used in try-catch to execute code regardless of exception

Palindrome of a string using Java 8 features

• Use StringBuilder to reverse the string

• Use String.join() to concatenate the reversed string with the original string

• Use String.equalsIgnoreCase() to compare the concatenated string with the original string

I approach problems methodically, breaking them down into manageable parts and leveraging collaboration and research.

• Identify the problem clearly: For example, if a feature is not working, I first replicate the issue to understand its scope.

• Break down the problem: I decompose complex issues into smaller tasks, like isolating components in a microservices architecture.

• Research and gather information: I consult documentation, forums, or colleagues to gather insights, such as lo...read more

Handling workload requires prioritization, delegation, and time management.

• Prioritize tasks based on urgency and importance

• Delegate tasks to team members with appropriate skills and workload capacity

• Manage time effectively by setting realistic deadlines and avoiding multitasking

• Regularly review and adjust workload to ensure productivity and avoid burnout

Efficient sorting algorithms organize data with minimal time complexity, enhancing performance in various applications.

• Quick Sort: Divides the array into sub-arrays and sorts them recursively. Average time complexity is O(n log n).

• Merge Sort: Splits the array into halves, sorts them, and merges them back. Time complexity is O(n log n) in all cases.

• Heap Sort: Utilizes a binary heap data structure to sort elements. Time complexity is O(n log n).

• Insertion Sort: Efficient for sma...read more

STL (Standard Template Library) in C++ provides a collection of template classes and functions for data structures and algorithms.

• 1. Containers: STL includes various container types like vector, list, and map. Example: std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};

• 2. Algorithms: STL provides algorithms like sort, search, and transform. Example: std::sort(v.begin(), v.end());

• 3. Iterators: STL uses iterators to traverse containers. Example: for(auto it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); ++it) { /*.....read more

Modern C++ introduces features like smart pointers, lambda expressions, and concurrency support for safer and more efficient code.

• Smart Pointers: Use of std::unique_ptr and std::shared_ptr for automatic memory management.

• Lambda Expressions: Anonymous functions for cleaner and more concise code, e.g., auto add = [](int a, int b) { return a + b; };

• Range-based for loops: Simplifies iteration over containers, e.g., for (const auto& item : container) { /* ... */ }

• Type Inference: U...read more