Kellton Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Q1. How do you read an external text file
Ans. 
To read an external text file, you can use file handling techniques in programming languages like Python or Java.
• Use file handling functions like open(), read(), and close() in Python to read an external text file.

• In Java, use classes like FileReader and BufferedReader to read text files.

• Specify the file path and mode (read mode) when opening the file.

• Read the contents of the file line by line or as a whole, depending ...read more
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Q2. Write a java program to find the occurrences of characters
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Java program to find occurrences of characters in a string
• Create a HashMap to store characters and their counts

• Iterate through the string and update the counts in the HashMap

• Print the characters and their counts from the HashMap
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Q1. Questions on ref cursors and bulk collect
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Q2. Nested table record type variable creation and their syntax.
Ans. 
Nested table record types in PL/SQL allow complex data structures for efficient data handling.
• A nested table is a collection type that can hold an arbitrary number of elements.

• Syntax for creating a nested table type: `CREATE TYPE nested_table_type AS TABLE OF data_type;`

• To declare a variable of a nested table type: `DECLARE my_nested_table nested_table_type;`

• You can initialize a nested table using: `my_nested_table := ...read more
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Q3. Triggers and procedures and packages differences.
Ans. 
Triggers respond to database events; procedures are reusable code blocks; packages group related procedures/functions.
• Triggers are automatically executed in response to specific events (e.g., INSERT, UPDATE).

• Example of a trigger: A trigger that logs changes to a table whenever a row is updated.

• Procedures are named blocks of code that can be executed explicitly by calling them.

• Example of a procedure: A procedure that ca...read more
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Q4. ACID properties
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ACID properties ensure reliable transactions in databases: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
• Atomicity: Transactions are all-or-nothing. Example: If a bank transfer fails, both accounts remain unchanged.

• Consistency: Transactions bring the database from one valid state to another. Example: A transaction must not violate any database rules.

• Isolation: Concurrent transactions do not affect each other. Example: ...read more
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Q5. Materialized views and db links
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Q6. Different types of cursors
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Cursors are database objects used to retrieve and manipulate data row by row.
• 1. Implicit Cursors: Automatically created by SQL for single SQL statements. Example: SELECT * FROM employees;

• 2. Explicit Cursors: Defined by the programmer for complex queries. Example: DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM orders;

• 3. Forward-only Cursors: Can only move forward through the result set. Example: Used for simple read opera...read more
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Q7. Autonomous transaction and merge statement
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Mcat Aptitude for general MCQ

Q1. Python/Java Development test
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Q2. What is Object-oriented programming?
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Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.
• Encapsulation: Objects can encapsulate data and behavior within a single unit.

• Inheritance: Objects can inherit attributes and methods from other objects.

• Polymorphism: Objects can take on different forms or have multiple behaviors.

• Example: Classes in Java or C++ are used to create objects with propertie...read more
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Q3. Explain API Gateway.
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API Gateway is a server that acts as an API front-end, receiving API requests, enforcing throttling and security policies, passing requests to the back-end service, and then passing the response back to the requester.
• API Gateway acts as a single entry point for all client requests to the backend services.

• It can handle tasks like authentication, authorization, rate limiting, caching, and request/response transformations...read more
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Q4. What is Spring?
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Spring is a lightweight framework for building enterprise applications in Java.
• Provides comprehensive infrastructure support for developing Java applications

• Facilitates easier configuration and integration of various components

• Promotes good programming practices like dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming

• Includes modules like Spring Core, Spring MVC, Spring Security, etc.

• Example: @Autowired annotation for...read more
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Q5. What is Normalization?
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Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.
• Normalization is used to eliminate data redundancy by breaking up tables into smaller tables and defining relationships between them.

• It helps in reducing data anomalies such as insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.

• Normalization is achieved through a series of normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, etc.)

• For exa...read more
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Q1. Difference between Sanity & Smoke
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Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing, while smoke testing is a subset of acceptance testing.
• Sanity testing is performed to ensure that the critical functionalities of the software are working as expected.

• Smoke testing is performed to verify if the software build is stable enough for further testing.

• Sanity testing is usually performed after major changes or bug fixes.

• Smoke testing is performed on each build ...read more
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Q1. Why you change the company
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