60+ AamDhanE Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to split a binary string into beautiful substrings with equal number of 0's and 1's.

• Count the number of 0's and 1's in the string.

• Iterate through the string and split it into beautiful substrings whenever the count of 0's and 1's becomes equal.

• Return the maximum number of beautiful substrings that can be formed.

• If it is not possible to split the string into beautiful substrings, return -1.

Merge overlapping intervals and return sorted list of merged intervals.

• Identify overlapping intervals based on start and end times

• Merge overlapping intervals to form new intervals

• Sort the merged intervals in ascending order of start times

Print the left view of a binary tree given in level order form.

• Traverse the tree level by level and print the first node of each level (leftmost node).

• Use a queue to keep track of nodes at each level.

• Time complexity should be O(n) where n is the number of nodes in the tree.

Design a user-friendly Twitter app with customizable timelines and easy navigation.

• Include a clean and intuitive user interface

• Allow users to customize their timelines by following/unfollowing accounts

• Implement easy navigation through tabs for Home, Notifications, Messages, etc.

• Include features like trending topics, search functionality, and direct messaging

Multi tasking, multi processing, and multi programming are different approaches to managing tasks in an operating system.

• Multi tasking allows multiple tasks to run concurrently on a single processor.

• Multi processing involves multiple processors running tasks simultaneously.

• Multi programming allows multiple programs to be loaded into memory and executed concurrently.

• Examples of multi tasking operating systems include Windows, macOS, and Linux.

• Examples of multi processing opera...read more

Minimum number of persons required to find the poisoned milk bottle out of 8 bottles within 24 hours.

• Divide the bottles into groups of 3 and label them A, B, C.

• Give each person a different combination of groups to taste.

• If someone dies, the poisoned bottle is in that group.

• If no one dies, the poisoned bottle is in group D.

• Repeat the process with the bottles in the identified group.

Use a shared variable and synchronization mechanisms to ensure natural order printing of numbers.

• Create two threads, one for printing even numbers and the other for printing odd numbers.

• Use a shared variable to keep track of the current number to be printed.

• Implement synchronization mechanisms like locks or semaphores to ensure only one thread can access the shared variable at a time.

• Each thread should check if it is its turn to print the number based on the parity of the cur...read more

Buying equipment affects all 3 financial statements

• On the income statement, the purchase will be recorded as an expense, reducing net income

• On the balance sheet, the equipment will be recorded as an asset, increasing total assets

• On the cash flow statement, the purchase will be recorded as a cash outflow from investing activities

Memory allocation refers to the process of assigning memory to programs during runtime.

• Stack allocation is done automatically and is limited in size.

• Heap allocation is done manually and is larger in size.

• Stack memory is used for local variables and function calls.

• Heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation.

• Memory leaks can occur if heap memory is not properly managed.

The task is to find a permutation array of size 2*N with specific conditions.

• Create an array of size 2*N to store the permutation.

• Ensure each number from 1 to N appears exactly twice in the array.

• Check that the distance between the second and first occurrence of each number is equal to the number itself.

• Return the array if conditions are met, else return an empty array.

Given an array of integers representing digits of a number, swap two values to form the maximum possible number.

• Iterate through the array to find the maximum digit.

• Swap the maximum digit with the first digit if it is not already at the first position.

• Handle cases where there are multiple occurrences of the maximum digit.

Given an array of positive integers and an integer K, determine if there exists a subset whose sum equals K.

• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently

• Create a 2D array to store if a subset sum is possible for each element and target sum

• Iterate through the array and update the 2D array based on current element and target sum

• Check if the last element of the 2D array is true for the given target sum

Count the number of rectangles (excluding squares) that can be formed on an N x N chessboard.

• Calculate total rectangles using formula N*(N+1)*M*(M+1)/4 where M = N-1

• Subtract the number of squares (N*(N+1)*(2*N+1)/6) from total rectangles

• Return the count modulo 1000000007 for each test case

Implement a function to solve a Sudoku puzzle by filling empty cells with valid numbers.

• Iterate through each empty cell and try filling it with a valid number (1-9) that satisfies Sudoku rules.

• Use backtracking to backtrack and try different numbers if a cell cannot be filled with a valid number.

• Check rows, columns, and 3x3 sub-grids to ensure each digit appears only once.

• Recursively solve the puzzle until all empty cells are filled with valid numbers.

The balance sheet for banking sector shows the assets, liabilities and equity of the bank at a specific point in time.

• Assets include cash, loans, investments, and property

• Liabilities include deposits, loans from other banks, and bonds

• Equity includes the bank's capital and reserves

• The balance sheet must balance, with assets equaling liabilities plus equity

• The balance sheet is used to analyze the financial health of the bank

Printing a matrix in spiral order

• Start from the first element and print it

• Move in a spiral order towards the center of the matrix

• Repeat until all elements are printed

Rearrange words in a sentence based on increasing order of their length.

• Split the sentence into words and calculate the length of each word.

• Sort the words based on their lengths in increasing order.

• If two words have the same length, maintain their original order from the input sentence.

Given finish times of horses, determine fastest horse in specified lane ranges for multiple queries.

• Iterate through each query and find the minimum finish time within the specified range of horses.

• Use a nested loop to handle multiple test cases and queries efficiently.

• Ensure to handle edge cases like empty ranges or invalid inputs.

• Consider using a data structure like arrays to store finish times and process queries.

Check if a valid Sudoku solution exists for a given 9x9 matrix with empty cells.

• Iterate through each row, column, and sub-matrix to ensure all digits from 1 to 9 appear exactly once.

• Use sets to keep track of digits seen in each row, column, and sub-matrix.

• If any digit is repeated in a row, column, or sub-matrix, return 'no'.

• If all rows, columns, and sub-matrices pass the validity check, return 'yes'.

Find all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in a matrix by moving only right or down.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in the matrix

• At each cell, recursively explore moving right and down until reaching the bottom-right corner

• Keep track of the current path and add it to the result when reaching the destination

Design a data structure to find the kth largest number in a continuous stream of integers.

• Design a specialized data structure to handle continuous stream of numbers

• Implement add(DATA) function to add integers to the pool

• Implement getKthLargest() function to retrieve the kth largest number

• Maintain the pool of numbers and update it based on queries

• Output the kth largest number for each Type 2 query

Calculate the distance between two nodes in a binary tree.

• Traverse the tree to find the paths from the root to each node

• Find the lowest common ancestor of the two nodes

• Calculate the distance by adding the distances from the LCA to each node

The task is to find the smallest number greater than the given number with the same set of digits.

• Iterate from right to left to find the first digit that can be swapped with a smaller digit to make the number greater.

• Swap this digit with the smallest digit to its right that is greater than it.

• Sort all digits to the right of the swapped digit in ascending order to get the smallest number greater than the original.

• If no such number exists, return -1.

• Example: For input '56789', ...read more

Count the number of subarrays in an array whose XOR is equal to a given value.

• Iterate through the array and keep track of XOR values and their frequencies using a hashmap.

• For each element, calculate the XOR with the previous elements to find subarrays with XOR equal to the given value.

• Use the hashmap to efficiently count the number of subarrays with the desired XOR value.

• Handle edge cases like XOR value being 0 separately.

• Time complexity can be optimized to O(N) using a hashm...read more

Implement a stack using two queues to store integer values with specified functions.

• Use two queues to simulate stack operations efficiently.

• Maintain the top element in one of the queues for easy access.

• Ensure proper handling of edge cases like empty stack or invalid operations.

• Example: Push elements 5, 10, 15; Pop element 15; Check top element 10; Check size of stack; Check if stack is empty.

Sort an array of 0s, 1s, and 2s in increasing order.

• Use a three-pointer approach to sort the array in a single pass.

• Initialize three pointers for 0, 1, and 2 values and iterate through the array.

• Swap elements based on the values encountered to achieve the sorted array.

Find the most frequent word in a paragraph that is not in the list of banned words.

• Split the paragraph into words and convert them to uppercase for case-insensitivity.

• Count the frequency of each word, excluding banned words.

• Return the word with the highest frequency in uppercase.

Merge overlapping intervals and return sorted list by start time.

• Sort the intervals based on start time.

• Iterate through intervals and merge overlapping ones.

• Return the merged intervals sorted by start time.

Implement a function to count the number of distinct substrings in a given string using a trie data structure.

• Create a trie data structure to store the substrings of the input string.

• Traverse the trie to count the number of distinct substrings.

• Handle empty string as a distinct substring.

• Return the count of distinct substrings for each test case.

Implement a function to remove the Kth node from the end of a singly linked list.

• Traverse the list to find the length 'N' of the linked list.

• Calculate the position of the node to be removed from the beginning as 'N - K + 1'.

• Traverse the list again and remove the node at the calculated position.

Design and implement a data structure for LRU Cache to efficiently support get and put operations.

• Implement a doubly linked list to maintain the order of recently used keys.

• Use a hashmap to store key-value pairs for quick access.

• Update the linked list and hashmap accordingly for get and put operations.

• Discard the least recently used item when the cache reaches its capacity.

• Handle edge cases like key not found in cache.

• Example: Initialize cache with capacity 3, perform get and...read more

Given a string, find the longest palindromic substring, choosing the one with the smallest start index if multiple exist.

• Iterate through the string and expand around each character to find palindromes

• Keep track of the longest palindrome found and its starting index

• Return the longest palindromic substring with the smallest start index

Merge two sorted linked lists into a single sorted linked list without using additional space.

• Create a dummy node to start the merged list

• Compare the values of the two linked lists and append the smaller value to the merged list

• Move the pointer of the merged list and the pointer of the smaller value's linked list

• Continue this process until one of the linked lists is fully traversed

• Append the remaining elements of the other linked list to the merged list

Implement a function to populate next right pointers in a complete binary tree.

• Traverse the tree level by level using BFS

• For each node, set its next pointer to the next node in the same level

• Handle null nodes appropriately by setting next pointer to null

• Ensure the tree is a complete binary tree to guarantee correct output

To find a missing number from 1 to 100 with O(1) time complexity.

• Use the formula n(n+1)/2 to find the sum of numbers from 1 to 100.

• Subtract the sum of given numbers from the sum of all numbers to find the missing number.

• Use a hash table to keep track of the given numbers and check for missing numbers in O(1) time.

A bond is a type of debt security issued by companies or governments, while a debenture is a type of bond that is not secured by collateral.

• Bonds are secured by collateral, while debentures are not.

• Bonds have a fixed interest rate, while debentures may have a floating interest rate.

• Bonds are typically issued by companies or governments to raise capital, while debentures are often issued by corporations.

• Examples of bonds include Treasury bonds and corporate bonds, while exampl...read more

The Eurozone debt crisis was a financial crisis that occurred in the European Union from 2009 to 2012.

• The crisis was caused by a combination of factors, including high government debt, low economic growth, and a lack of competitiveness.

• Some countries, such as Greece, had borrowed heavily and were unable to repay their debts, leading to fears of default.

• The crisis led to bailouts of several countries by the European Union and the International Monetary Fund.

• Austerity measures ...read more

HashMap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and provides constant time complexity for basic operations.

• HashMap is used to store and retrieve data based on unique keys.

• It is commonly used in programming languages to implement associative arrays or dictionaries.

• The time complexity to implement a HashMap is O(1) for basic operations like insertion, deletion, and retrieval.

A deferred tax asset is an accounting concept that represents a future tax benefit for a company.

• It arises when a company has overpaid taxes or has carried forward tax losses from previous years.

• It can be used to offset future tax liabilities and reduce the company's tax bill.

• Examples include tax credits, unused tax deductions, and net operating losses.

• Deferred tax assets are recorded on the balance sheet as an asset.

• They are subject to regular review and may need to be writt...read more

Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities of a company.

• It is the amount of money a company has available for its day-to-day operations.

• It is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets.

• Positive working capital means the company has enough funds to cover its short-term obligations.

• Negative working capital means the company may struggle to meet its short-term obligations.

• Examples of current assets include cash, invent...read more

The Brexit vote could have both positive and negative effects on the Indian economy.

• Positive effects: Increased trade opportunities with the UK, potential for attracting foreign investments from companies relocating from the UK.

• Negative effects: Uncertainty in global markets leading to volatility in exchange rates, potential decline in exports to the UK.

• Example: Indian IT companies may face challenges due to stricter immigration policies in the UK.

• Example: Indian textile expo...read more

JP Morgan is known for its global presence, diverse range of services, and innovative technology.

• JP Morgan has a strong global presence with operations in over 100 countries.

• They offer a diverse range of financial services including investment banking, asset management, and commercial banking.

• JP Morgan is known for its innovative technology, such as their blockchain platform Quorum.

• They have a strong reputation for risk management and compliance.

• JP Morgan has a focus on susta...read more

Metrics for measuring success as a Scrum Master

• Velocity of the team

• Sprint burndown charts

• Team satisfaction surveys

• Number of completed user stories

• Percentage of defects found in production

• Cycle time for user stories

• Lead time for user stories

SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Planning: Defining project goals, scope, and requirements.

• Analysis: Gathering and analyzing user requirements.

• Design: Creating a detailed blueprint of the software solution.

• Implementation: Writing code and developing the software.

• Testing: Conducting various tests to ensure software quality.

• Deployment: Releasing the software for users.

• Maintenance: Providin...read more

SOLID principles are a set of five design principles that help in creating maintainable and scalable software applications.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)

• O - Open-Closed Principle (OCP)

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

• I - Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)

• D - Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

Margin call is a demand by a broker for an investor to deposit more money or securities into their account to cover potential losses.

• Margin call occurs when the value of securities in an investor's account falls below a certain level, triggering the need for additional funds.

• Investors must either deposit more funds or sell securities to meet the margin call.

• Same day settlement refers to the process of completing a financial transaction on the same day it is initiated.

• In same ...read more

Collateral is an asset or property that a borrower offers to a lender as security for a loan.

• Collateral can include real estate, vehicles, equipment, or financial assets.

• In case of a collateral dispute, it is important to review the loan agreement and documentation to determine the rights and responsibilities of both parties.

• Communication with all parties involved is key to resolving the dispute amicably.

• If necessary, legal action may be taken to enforce the terms of the loan...read more

In the USA, the economy is regulated by various government agencies such as the Federal Reserve and the Securities and Exchange Commission. In India, the Reserve Bank of India plays a key role in regulating the economy.

• In the USA, the Federal Reserve is responsible for monetary policy and regulating the banking system.

• The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) oversees the securities industry and protects investors.

• In India, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the central ba...read more

Futures are agreements to buy or sell assets at a specified price on a future date, while options give the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell assets at a specified price within a certain time frame.

• Futures involve an obligation to buy or sell the underlying asset at a predetermined price and date, while options provide the holder with the right but not the obligation to buy or sell the asset.

• Options have a premium cost that the buyer pays to the seller, wh...read more

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulates stock markets in the US.

• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary regulatory body overseeing the stock markets in the US.

• SEC enforces regulations to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation.

• Other regulatory bodies such as FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) also play a role in overseeing certain aspects of the stock markets.

• SEC monitors and re...read more

Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset or group of assets.

• Derivatives can be classified into four main types: futures, forwards, options, and swaps.

• Futures contracts are agreements to buy or sell an asset at a specific price on a future date.

• Forwards are similar to futures but are customized contracts between two parties.

• Options give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price wi...read more

I use a variety of tools for designing UI/UX, including Sketch, Adobe XD, Figma, and InVision.

• Sketch: A popular design tool with a wide range of features and plugins.

• Adobe XD: A powerful tool for creating interactive prototypes and wireframes.

• Figma: A collaborative design tool that allows real-time collaboration and prototyping.

• InVision: A platform for creating interactive and animated prototypes.

Graph of x+(1/x) is a hyperbola with two branches.

• The graph consists of two branches, one in the first quadrant and one in the third quadrant.

• As x approaches positive or negative infinity, the graph approaches the x-axis.

• The graph has a vertical asymptote at x=0.

• The minimum value of the function is 2 when x=1 or x=-1.

Accrual and difference between US GAAP and IFRS

• Accrual accounting recognizes revenue and expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid

• US GAAP and IFRS differ in their treatment of certain accounting principles, such as revenue recognition, inventory valuation, and lease accounting

• Under US GAAP, revenue recognition is generally more prescriptive, while IFRS allows more judgment and flexibility

• For example, US GAAP requires specific criteria to be ...read more

Wholesale lending is the practice of providing loans to businesses rather than individuals.

• Wholesale lending is focused on providing loans to businesses, rather than individuals.

• It is typically used for larger loan amounts and longer terms.

• Wholesale lenders often work with intermediaries such as mortgage brokers or loan officers.

• Examples of wholesale lending include commercial real estate loans and business lines of credit.