JPMorgan Chase & Co. Machine Learning Engineer Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Hard

Timings: Early morning 7am (60 mins )
Subsection 1 (30 mins): MCQ round having 30 questions of 11th and 12th Math (complex numbers, trigonometry, calculas), Probability (Expectancy, bayes theorem, other probability question), Coding (Input/Output Question, Time complexity, Stack Push and Pop, Prefix, Postfix).
Subsection 2 (30 mins): 2 Coding Question 1 easy level (Find max in array), other was medium level (Find all the elements in tree which are at same level, where level is depth of smallest path from root to leaf)

Questions were different for each candidate

Q1. 
Maximum Number by One Swap
You are provided with an array of N integers representing the digits of a number. You are allowed to perform an operation where you can swap the values at two different indices ...read more
Ans. 
Given an array of integers representing digits of a number, swap two values to form the maximum possible number.
• Iterate through the array to find the maximum digit.

• Swap the maximum digit with the first digit if it is not already at the first position.

• Handle cases where there are multiple occurrences of the maximum digit.
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Q2. 
Find Paths in Binary Tree
Kevin has sketched a series of integers, forming a diagram that represents a binary tree. Challenged by a friend, Kevin needs to find all paths from the root to the leaf where th...read more
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Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Interviewer greeted me and told this round is only on Probability.(This was scheduled same day at 3pm)
He asked Following Probability questions:
Q1: What is Random variable?
Q2: What is Sample space?
Q3: What is Conditional Probability? followed by a Numerical on it.
Q4: What is a Normal Distribution?
Q5: What is Bayes theorem? followed by a numerical on it.
Q6: probability of car accident in one hour is 1/4. What is the probability of accident in half hour?
Q7: Two die are thrown, what is the probability of getting multiple of 3. 
Q8: There is 10 Black socks in drawer, 10 white socks. What is the minimum number of socks we need to pick out such that we get a pair?

Round duration - 30 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Interviewer greeted me and told this round is only on Basic DSA.(This was scheduled same day at 3:30pm)
He asked Following questions:
Q1: Introduction and Explain your resume?
Q2: What if we have one class (which has array functionality) and other class (stack) which we will inherit from array class what could possibly go wrong here?
Q3: What is Static data member in Classes?
Q4: What is Static member function in Classes? Can static member functions call normal data member of classes?
Q5: you are given a 2D grid, each index has some value associated with it. From Bottom right cornor you need to find a path till Top left cornor where you can get maximum sum of values from index occuring on the path, You can go in Up direction, Left direction or diagonal up-left direction? 

I was asked for approach (No coding was done on compiler)

Q1. 
Paths in a Matrix Problem Statement
Given an 'M x N' matrix, print all the possible paths from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner. You can only move either right (from (i,j) to (i,j+1)) or dow...read more
Ans. 
Find all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in a matrix by moving only right or down.
• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths from top-left to bottom-right in the matrix

• At each cell, recursively explore moving right and down until reaching the bottom-right corner

• Keep track of the current path and add it to the result when reaching the destination
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Round duration - 15 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round happened around 5pm in evening, i got the call from the interviewer to join Zoom call immediately. In this round (it was kind of rapid fire round on DSA,)
Following questions were asked:
Q1: Introduce yourself and explain your resume.
Q2: What is your favorite data structure and why? I said it is Deque, as it is can be helpful in many questions
Q3: Explain what are segment trees. Also give a question were we can use them.
Q4: What are tries, and give one application of tries.
Q5: Given one array you need to give approach to find out all the permutation of the elements in it. (I gave recursive approach)
Q6: Given the same array and value k, you need to tell if sum of subset can be equal to k. (This question is modification of 0/1 Knapsack. I explained the recursive approach)

Interviewer told me to wait for last HR round (I was on cloud 9 after listening to this as it was elimination round)

Q1. 
Find Permutation Problem Statement
Given an integer N, determine an array of size 2 * N that satisfies the following conditions:
1. Each number from 1 to N appears exactly twice in the array.
2. The distanc...read more
Ans. 
The task is to find a permutation array of size 2*N with specific conditions.
• Create an array of size 2*N to store the permutation.

• Ensure each number from 1 to N appears exactly twice in the array.

• Check that the distance between the second and first occurrence of each number is equal to the number itself.

• Return the array if conditions are met, else return an empty array.
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Q2. 
Subset Sum Equal To K Problem Statement
Given an array/list of positive integers and an integer K, determine if there exists a subset whose sum equals K.
Provide true if such a subset exists, otherwise r...read more
Ans. 
Given an array of positive integers and an integer K, determine if there exists a subset whose sum equals K.
• Use dynamic programming to solve this problem efficiently

• Create a 2D array to store if a subset sum is possible for each element and target sum

• Iterate through the array and update the 2D array based on current element and target sum

• Check if the last element of the 2D array is true for the given target sum
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Round duration - 20 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round happened around 6:30pm in evening, i got the call from the interviewer to join Zoom call immediately. It was HR+(Probability mix round).
He asked me following questions:
Q1: Introduce and explain your resume.
As i was unable to solve 2 probability question in Round 2. The interviewer immediately asked me 2 probability questions back to back.
Q2: What is bayes theorem and a numerical on it.
Q3: If there is a frog which can go one step forward with probability 3/4. and one step backward with 1/4. What is expectancy to reach 7 steps forward.

I was unable to solve the last probability ques. Was on right track almost in end of interview.
2/18 students were selected for intern JPMC(Quant Research @ 1.5Lakhs stipend)