60+ Tata Technologies Interview Questions and Answers

Test Engineer interview questions on frameworks, testing types, bug tracking, and regression testing.

• Worked with Selenium framework with folder structure of test cases, test data, and page objects

• Functional testing includes smoke, sanity, and regression testing while non-functional testing includes performance and security testing

• Real-time scenario: prioritize and fix critical bugs first, communicate with stakeholders, and perform thorough testing before release

• Integration te...read more

Test cases for a Music Player

• Test playback of different file formats

• Test volume control functionality

• Test shuffle and repeat options

• Test playlist creation and management

• Test search functionality

• Test interruption handling (e.g. phone call)

• Test compatibility with different headphones/speakers

• Test battery consumption

• Test user interface and user experience

Test Engineer interview questions covering topics like verification, validation, hard assert, Selenium code, Excel file import, framework experience, and calendar selection code.

• Verification is the process of evaluating whether the product meets the specified requirements, while validation is the process of evaluating whether the right product is being built.

• Hard assert is a type of assertion in testing that stops the test execution immediately if the assertion fails.

• Example ...read more

Different transformations in big data testing include data mapping, data conversion, data aggregation, and data filtering.

• Data mapping involves mapping data from one format to another

• Data conversion involves converting data from one type to another

• Data aggregation involves combining data from multiple sources

• Data filtering involves selecting specific data based on certain criteria

• Examples include transforming data from CSV to JSON, converting data from string to integer, aggr...read more

Method overloading is having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Method overriding is having a subclass method with the same name and parameters as a superclass method.

• Method overloading is used to provide different ways to call the same method with different parameters.

• Method overriding is used to provide a specific implementation of a method in a subclass that is already defined in the superclass.

• Method overloading is resolved at compile-time while...read more

Answer to a question on getting lines above and below a string in Test Engineering.

• Use file handling to read the file line by line

• Check if the current line contains the string

• If yes, store the previous and next lines in variables

• Repeat until end of file is reached

• Return the stored lines

Increment load is a gradual increase in user traffic while full load is the maximum user traffic.

• Increment load gradually increases user traffic

• Full load is the maximum user traffic

• Increment load helps identify system capacity

• Full load tests system performance under stress

• Examples: Increment load - adding 100 users every 5 minutes, Full load - adding 1000 users at once

Scenarios of Pen

• Positive Scenarios:

• - Pen is a versatile writing tool that can be used for various purposes such as writing, drawing, and signing documents.

• - Pen is portable and easy to carry around, making it a convenient tool for people who are always on the go.

• - Pen can be used to express creativity and artistry, allowing individuals to showcase their talents and skills.

• Negative Scenarios:

• - Pen can be easily lost or misplaced, causing inconvenience and frustration.

• - Pen can...read more

Array is a collection of elements of same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. Linked list is a collection of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node.

• Array has fixed size, linked list can grow dynamically

• Insertion and deletion is faster in linked list than array

• Accessing elements in array is faster than linked list

• Arrays are better for small data sets, linked lists are better for large data sets

• Example of array: int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4...read more

I expect a challenging work environment with opportunities for growth and learning.

• Clear understanding of job responsibilities and expectations

• Opportunities for training and development

• Collaborative work culture

• Regular feedback and performance evaluations

• Competitive compensation and benefits package

The shell command to change the color of the text in the file is 'echo -e \033[COLORmTEXT\033[0m'

• The command uses the escape sequence '\033' to indicate the start of a color code

• Replace 'COLOR' with the desired color code (e.g. 31 for red)

• Replace 'TEXT' with the text to be colored

• Use '\033[0m' to reset the color back to default

• Example: 'echo -e \033[31mHello World\033[0m' will print 'Hello World' in red color'

Automated test cases can be fetched from manual cases by identifying repetitive steps and automating them using testing tools.

• Identify repetitive test cases that can be automated

• Use testing tools like Selenium, Appium, or JUnit to automate the identified test cases

• Ensure proper validation and verification of automated test cases

• Regularly update and maintain automated test cases to keep them in sync with manual test cases

Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. AWS offers services like ECS and EKS for managing containers.

• Docker is a tool designed to make it easier to create, deploy, and run applications by using containers.

• Containers allow a developer to package up an application with all parts it needs, such as libraries and other dependencies, and ship it all out as one package.

• AWS offers services like Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and ...read more

Jira is a project management tool used for tracking issues and managing software development projects. CI/CD pipeline automates software delivery process.

• Jira is a popular project management tool that allows teams to track issues, manage tasks, and plan projects.

• To create a CI/CD pipeline, you can use tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD, or CircleCI to automate the software delivery process.

• In Jira, you can integrate with CI/CD tools to track the progress of software development...read more

Strings in Java are sequences of characters, represented by the String class.

• Strings are immutable in Java, meaning their values cannot be changed once they are created.

• Strings can be created using double quotes, such as "Hello World", or by using the String class constructor.

• String concatenation can be done using the '+' operator, for example: String fullName = firstName + lastName;

Arrays in Java are used to store multiple values of the same data type in a single variable.

• Arrays are declared with a specific data type and size.

• Elements in an array are accessed using their index, starting from 0.

• Example: String[] names = new String[5];

Java code to find repeated alphabets in a string

• Create a HashMap to store characters and their frequencies

• Iterate through the string and update the frequencies in the HashMap

• Iterate through the HashMap and print characters with frequency > 1

Some popular DBMS workbenches are MySQL Workbench, Oracle SQL Developer, and Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio.

• MySQL Workbench

• Oracle SQL Developer

• Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio

Code to open a new window in a web application

• Use window.open() method in JavaScript

• Specify the URL of the new window as a parameter

• Set the window features like size, position, and toolbar options

Stack is a LIFO data structure while Queue is a FIFO data structure.

• Stack follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle, while Queue follows First In First Out (FIFO) principle.

• Stack operations are push and pop, while Queue operations are enqueue and dequeue.

• Stack is used in recursion, undo-redo functionality, and backtracking, while Queue is used in scheduling, buffering, and breadth-first search.

• Examples of Stack include browser history, call stack, and undo-redo stack, while ...read more

Encapsulation is a mechanism in Java to hide implementation details of a class from other classes.

• It is achieved by declaring the variables of a class as private and providing public getter and setter methods to access them.

• Encapsulation helps in achieving data hiding, abstraction, and modularity in code.

• Example: The class 'BankAccount' can have private variables like 'balance' and 'accountNumber' and public methods like 'getBalance()' and 'deposit(amount)' to access and modi...read more

Knowledge gained from studies is essential for a test engineer to understand the principles and techniques of testing.

• Studying software testing methodologies and techniques is crucial for a test engineer.

• Understanding programming languages and tools used in testing is important.

• Knowledge of quality assurance processes and standards is necessary.

• Continuous learning and staying updated with industry trends is key for a test engineer.

• Applying theoretical knowledge to practical t...read more

Informatica Power Centre is a data integration tool used for ETL processes.

• Informatica Power Centre is a popular ETL tool used for extracting, transforming, and loading data.

• It is known for its user-friendly interface and powerful data integration capabilities.

• Informatica Power Centre is commonly used in data warehousing projects to move data from source to target systems.

• It supports various data sources and can handle large volumes of data efficiently.

There are checked and unchecked exceptions. Checked exceptions must be caught or declared, while unchecked exceptions do not need to be caught.

• Checked exceptions must be caught using try-catch blocks

• Unchecked exceptions can be handled using try-catch blocks or by using the throws keyword in the method signature

• Examples of checked exceptions include IOException, ClassNotFoundException

• Examples of unchecked exceptions include NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

JDK stands for Java Development Kit, which is a software development kit used for developing Java applications.

• JDK includes JRE (Java Runtime Environment) and development tools such as compiler, debugger, etc.

• It is necessary for compiling, debugging, and running Java programs.

• Examples of JDK versions include JDK 8, JDK 11, and JDK 15.

Priority is the order in which a defect should be fixed, while Severity is the impact of the defect on the system.

• Priority is based on business needs and urgency

• Severity is based on the impact on the system and users

• Priority can change based on project requirements

• Severity remains constant throughout the project

• Example: A spelling mistake in a button label may have low severity but high priority if it affects the usability of the system

Implicit wait is set globally for all elements, while explicit wait is set for specific elements.

• Implicit wait is set using driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait()

• Explicit wait is set using WebDriverWait class with ExpectedConditions

• Implicit wait is not recommended as it can slow down the test execution

• Explicit wait is more efficient as it waits only for specific elements to meet conditions

An elevator is a vertical transportation device that moves people or goods between floors of a building.

• Elevators have a control panel with buttons for selecting the desired floor

• Elevators use a motor to move a cab or platform up and down a shaft

• Elevators have safety features such as emergency stop buttons and sensors to prevent doors from closing on people

• Elevators can be hydraulic or traction-based

• Elevators are commonly found in tall buildings, hotels, and shopping malls

OOPS concepts are the principles of Object-Oriented Programming that help in designing and implementing software systems.

• Abstraction: Hiding the implementation details and showing only the necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together in a single unit called class.

• Inheritance: Acquiring properties and behavior of a parent class by a child class.

• Polymorphism: Ability of an object to take many forms or have multiple behaviors.

• Example: A car is an obje...read more

Types of deployment in AWS include Blue/Green deployment, Canary deployment, and Rolling deployment.

• Blue/Green deployment involves running two identical production environments, with one serving as the active environment and the other as a standby. Traffic is switched from the standby to the active environment once testing is complete.

• Canary deployment involves gradually rolling out a new version of an application to a small subset of users before making it available to the e...read more

Program to reverse a string

• Create a function that takes a string as input

• Convert the string into an array of characters

• Use a loop to iterate through the array in reverse order

• Concatenate the characters to form the reversed string

Automate the login page by writing code

• Use a testing framework like Selenium for web automation

• Identify the elements on the login page such as username field, password field, and login button

• Write code to input valid credentials and click on the login button

• Verify successful login by checking for expected elements on the next page

E2E project refers to end-to-end project which involves the entire process from start to finish.

• E2E project involves all the stages of a project from initiation to closure

• It includes requirements gathering, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance

• The goal is to ensure that the project meets the business requirements and is delivered on time and within budget

• Example: Developing a new software application from scratch

• Example: Implementing a new process in an or...read more

To handle pop ups, use automation tools to identify and interact with them programmatically.

• Use automation tools like Selenium to handle pop ups in web applications

• Identify pop ups using unique attributes like class name or ID

• Interact with pop ups by clicking buttons or entering text programmatically

Oops concepts refer to Object-Oriented Programming concepts such as Inheritance, Encapsulation, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability of a function to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary featu...read more

Types of testings include functional, non-functional, manual, automated, regression, performance, and usability testing. Test models include V-model, waterfall, agile, and spiral model.

• Types of testings: functional, non-functional, manual, automated, regression, performance, usability

• Test models: V-model, waterfall, agile, spiral model

• Examples: Functional testing - testing individual functions of the software, Agile model - iterative approach to software development

My expected CTC is negotiable and depends on the job responsibilities, company culture, and growth opportunities.

• My expected CTC is based on my skills, experience, and the industry standards.

• I am open to negotiation and willing to discuss the salary package.

• I am looking for a fair compensation that aligns with my expectations and the company's budget.

• I am more interested in the job responsibilities, work environment, and growth opportunities than the salary package.

• I am willi...read more

Types of wait include implicit wait, explicit wait, and fluent wait.

• Implicit wait: Waits for a certain amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException.

• Explicit wait: Waits for a certain condition to be met before proceeding further in the code.

• Fluent wait: Waits for a condition to be met with a defined polling frequency.

• Example: Using implicit wait to wait for an element to be present before interacting with it.

I have worked on technologies such as Selenium, JUnit, TestNG, Jenkins, and Git.

• Selenium

• JUnit

• TestNG

• Jenkins

• Git

List is mutable and tuple is immutable in Python.

• List can be modified after creation while tuple cannot.

• List uses square brackets [] while tuple uses parentheses ().

• List is slower than tuple due to its mutable nature.

• Tuple is used for fixed data while list is used for dynamic data.

• Tuple is used for returning multiple values from a function.

OOPs concepts are the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.

• Encapsulation - binding data and functions together

• Inheritance - reusing code from existing classes

• Polymorphism - ability of objects to take on multiple forms

• Abstraction - hiding implementation details from users

• Example: A car class can inherit properties from a vehicle class

• Example: Polymorphism can be seen in a shape class with different child classes like circle, square, etc.

An array is a data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same type in a contiguous block of memory.

• Arrays can be of any data type, including strings.

• Elements in an array are accessed using an index starting from 0.

• Arrays have a fixed size, which is determined at the time of declaration.

• Arrays can be multidimensional, allowing for the creation of matrices or tables.

• Arrays provide efficient random access to elements.

The framework used is a combination of Selenium WebDriver and TestNG for automated testing.

• Combines Selenium WebDriver for browser automation

• Utilizes TestNG for test case management and reporting

• Supports data-driven testing and parallel execution

• Allows for easy integration with CI/CD tools like Jenkins

Implementing a linked list in code

• Define a Node class with data and next pointer

• Implement methods to add, remove, and search for nodes in the linked list

• Handle edge cases like empty list or adding/removing from the beginning or end

Keywords are specific words or phrases that are used in programming languages to identify specific actions or functions.

• Keywords are reserved words in a programming language that have special meaning and cannot be used for variable names

• Examples of keywords in programming languages include 'if', 'else', 'while', 'for', 'int', 'void', etc.

A test plan is a document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities.

• Defines the objectives and scope of testing

• Describes the testing approach and methodologies to be used

• Outlines the resources, schedule, and responsibilities for testing

• Includes test cases, test scenarios, and test data to be used

• Identifies risks and mitigation strategies

• Provides a basis for monitoring and controlling the testing process

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data in the form of fields and code in the form of procedures.

• OOPs focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem

• Key concepts include encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object)

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and ...read more

Test design techniques are methods used to create effective and efficient test cases.

• Boundary value analysis

• Equivalence partitioning

• Decision table testing

• State transition testing

• Use case testing

An SQL script is a set of instructions used to perform a specific task in a database.

• Start with a keyword like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

• Specify the table(s) you want to query or modify

• Use conditions with WHERE clause to filter data

• Include functions like COUNT, SUM, AVG for calculations

• End with a semicolon to terminate the script

My framework is a data-driven automation framework using Selenium and TestNG for web application testing.

• Utilizes Selenium for web automation

• Uses TestNG for test case management and execution

• Employs data-driven approach for testing

• Supports parallel execution for faster testing

• Includes reporting features for test results analysis

DBMS stands for Database Management System.

• DBMS is a software system that allows users to define, create, maintain and control access to databases.

• It provides an interface between the user and the database.

• Examples of DBMS include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and PostgreSQL.

Binary search is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array.

• Divide the array into two halves and compare the target value with the middle element

• If the target value is less than the middle element, search the left half. If greater, search the right half

• Repeat the process until the target value is found or the subarray is empty

Bug life cycle is the process of a bug from identification to resolution in software testing.

• Bug is identified by tester

• Bug is reported in bug tracking system

• Bug is assigned to developer

• Developer fixes the bug

• Bug is retested by tester

• If bug is fixed, it is closed. If not, it is reopened

Locators are used in test automation to identify web elements on a webpage.

• Locators help identify elements based on attributes like ID, class, name, etc.

• Common types of locators include ID, class name, name, tag name, link text, partial link text, and XPath.

• CSS selectors are also commonly used as locators in test automation.

Mobile apps can be categorized into native, hybrid, and web apps.

• Native apps are developed for a specific platform, such as iOS or Android.

• Hybrid apps are a combination of native and web apps, built using web technologies but packaged as a native app.

• Web apps are accessed through a mobile browser and do not need to be downloaded from an app store.

• Examples of native apps include Instagram and Snapchat, while examples of hybrid apps include Uber and Airbnb.

• Examples of web apps ...read more

STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) is a process followed by testers to ensure high-quality software.

• STLC involves planning, designing, executing, and reporting on tests.

• It includes phases like requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, and test closure.

• Each phase has specific activities and deliverables to ensure thorough testing.

• STLC helps in identifying defects early in the software development process.

• It ensures that the software meets quality standa...read more

SDLC cycle refers to the process of planning, creating, testing, and deploying software.

• SDLC stands for Software Development Life Cycle

• It includes phases like planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance

• Each phase has specific goals and deliverables

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps

Joins in SQL are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Joins are used to retrieve data from multiple tables based on a related column

• Types of joins include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.column

A framework is a set of guidelines, libraries, and tools used to develop and maintain software applications.

• Provides structure and organization to code

• Promotes code reusability

• Facilitates automation and testing

• Examples: Selenium for web automation, JUnit for unit testing