IBM Senior Software Tester Interview Questions and Answers

Implicit and Explicit waits are used in Selenium to wait for elements to load before performing actions.

• Implicit wait waits for a specified amount of time before throwing an exception if the element is not found.

• Explicit wait waits for a specific condition to be met before proceeding with the next step.

• Syntax for implicit wait: driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

• Syntax for explicit wait: We...read more

Screenshots can be taken in Selenium using the TakesScreenshot interface.

• Create an object of the TakesScreenshot interface

• Call the getScreenshotAs() method on the driver object

• Save the screenshot to a desired location using the File class

To select values in dropdowns, click on the dropdown and choose the desired option.

• Click on the dropdown to expand the list of options

• Scroll through the list to find the desired option

• Click on the desired option to select it

• If the desired option is not visible, type the first few letters of the option to filter the list

XPath and CSS selectors are both used to locate elements on a web page, but they have different syntax and capabilities.

• XPath uses a path expression to navigate through the HTML structure, while CSS selectors use a pattern matching approach.

• XPath can select elements based on their attributes, text content, and position in the document, while CSS selectors are limited to attributes and tag names.

• XPath has a wider range ...read more

Locators in Selenium are used to identify web elements on a web page.

• Locators can be based on ID, class name, name, tag name, link text, partial link text, CSS selector, or XPath.

• Using the right locator strategy is important for reliable test automation.

• Examples of locators: driver.findElement(By.id("elementId")), driver.findElement(By.className("className")), driver.findElement(By.xpath("//tagName[@attribute='value']"

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interfaces are contracts that define a set of methods that a class must implement.

• Abstract classes can have constructors while interfaces cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• Abstract classes can have instance variables while interfaces cannot

• Interfaces can...read more

Page Object Model is a design pattern used in test automation to create an object repository for web UI elements.

• It separates the test code from the page-specific code.

• It improves code maintainability and reduces code duplication.

• It allows for easy modification of UI elements without affecting the test code.

• It enhances test script readability and reduces the effort required to create new test scripts.

• It is widely used

Annotations in TestNG are used to provide additional information to the test methods and control the test execution flow.

• Annotations are used to mark a method as a test method, configuration method, or to specify the order of execution.

• TestNG provides several built-in annotations such as @Test, @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, etc.

• Annotations can also be used to group tests, enable/disable tests, and...read more

Test data can be passed in testNG using DataProvider annotation.

• Create a method that returns a two-dimensional array of test data

• Annotate the test method with @DataProvider and specify the name of the data provider method

• Pass the test data as parameters to the test method

V-model is a software development model that emphasizes testing at every stage of the development process.

• It is a sequential development process

• Each stage has a corresponding testing stage

• Testing is done at every stage to ensure quality

• It is a highly structured and disciplined approach

• It is often used in safety-critical industries such as aerospace and defense

Assert checks if a condition is true and stops the test if it's false. Verify checks if a condition is true and continues the test if it's false.

• Assert is used to validate the expected result of a test case.

• Verify is used to validate the actual result of a test case.

• Assert stops the test execution if the condition is false.

• Verify continues the test execution if the condition is false.

• Assert is used for critical test ca

Exceptions while running scripts

• Syntax errors

• Runtime errors

• Logical errors

• Timeout errors

• Memory errors

IFrames/Window handles can be handled using switchTo() method in Selenium

• Use driver.switchTo().frame() method to switch to an IFrame

• Use driver.switchTo().defaultContent() method to switch back to the main page

• Use driver.getWindowHandles() method to get all window handles

• Use driver.switchTo().window() method to switch to a new window

Value cannot be passed in a disabled text box.

• Check if there is any other way to pass the value, such as through a different input field.

• If not, enable the text box temporarily, pass the value, and then disable it again.

• Alternatively, check if there is any JavaScript code that can be used to pass the value.