ECI Telecom Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. Python basics and modules
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Q2. Networking protocols basic networking
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Q1. What is polymorphism
Ans. 
Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.
• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to be used for different data types or classes.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.
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Q2. Find missing number from nth number array.
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Find missing number from nth number array.
• Iterate through the array and calculate the sum of all numbers

• Calculate the sum of numbers from 1 to n using the formula n*(n+1)/2

• Subtract the sum of array from the sum of numbers from 1 to n to find the missing number
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Q3. Explain inheritance and it types
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Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.
• Inheritance allows a class to reuse code from another class.

• Types of inheritance include single inheritance, where a class inherits from only one parent class, and multiple inheritance, where a class inherits from multiple parent classes.

• Example: Class B inherits from Class A, so Class B can access
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Q4. Find 2nd max elements from aaray
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Find 2nd max element from array of strings
• Sort the array in descending order

• Skip the first element (max element)

• Return the second element
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Round duration - 40 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

Technical round with questions based on DSA.

Q1. 
Reverse a Number Problem Statement
Create a program to reverse a given integer N. The output should be the reversed integer.
Note:
If a number has trailing zeros, their reversed version should not inclu...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a given integer while excluding trailing zeros.
• Create a program to reverse the given integer by converting it to a string and then reversing it.

• Remove any trailing zeros from the reversed string before converting it back to an integer.

• Handle the constraints of the input integer being between 0 and 10^8.

• Example: For input 1230, the output should be 321.
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Q2. 
Reverse a Linked List Problem Statement
You are given a Singly Linked List of integers. Your task is to reverse the Linked List by changing the links between nodes.
Input:
The first line of input contai...read more
Ans. 
Reverse a given singly linked list by changing the links between nodes.
• Iterate through the linked list and reverse the links between nodes.

• Use three pointers to keep track of the current, previous, and next nodes.

• Update the links while traversing the list to reverse it.

• Return the head of the reversed linked list.
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Q3. What is the difference in C++ between 'new int[5]' and 'malloc(5 * sizeof(int))'?
Ans. 
new int[5] is C++ specific and initializes the array with default values, while malloc(5 * sizeof(int)) is a C function and does not initialize the array.
• new int[5] is C++ specific and calls constructors for each element in the array.

• malloc(5 * sizeof(int)) is a C function and does not call constructors, leaving the array uninitialized.

• new int[5] returns a pointer to the first element of the array, while malloc(5 * siz...read more
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Questions of medium difficulty were posed.

Q1. OS, DSA, COA related questions
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Q2. Coding questions to solve
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Q3. Array, linkedlist questions
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Q1. Project related questions
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Q1. Final discussion
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Difficult online round

Q1. Arrays from neetcode
Ans. 
Arrays are a collection of strings in programming used to store multiple values under a single variable name.
• Arrays are declared using square brackets []

• Each element in an array is accessed by its index, starting from 0

• Example: var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
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Q2. Linked list from neetcode
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Q1. Trees in neet code
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Trees in neet code refer to the implementation of tree data structures in coding challenges on the platform NeetCode.
• Trees are a common data structure used in coding challenges to represent hierarchical relationships between data.

• Common tree operations include traversal (inorder, preorder, postorder), insertion, deletion, and searching.

• Examples of tree-related coding challenges on NeetCode include implementing a binary...read more
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Q2. Trees in leet code
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Trees in leetcode are a common topic for coding interviews, involving various tree traversal and manipulation techniques.
• Understand different tree traversal methods like inorder, preorder, and postorder.

• Learn about common tree algorithms like finding the height, diameter, and lowest common ancestor.

• Practice solving tree-related problems on leetcode to improve your skills.
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Q1. Explain which are IPC mechanism
Ans. 
IPC mechanisms are used for inter-process communication in software development.
• IPC mechanisms allow processes to communicate with each other, either on the same machine or across a network.

• Common IPC mechanisms include pipes, message queues, shared memory, sockets, and signals.

• Examples of IPC mechanisms include using sockets for network communication between client and server applications, or using shared memory for c...read more
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Q1. Explain the Socket communication
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Socket communication is a method of communication between two processes on a network using sockets.
• Socket communication involves a client and a server communicating over a network.

• It uses TCP or UDP protocols to establish a connection.

• Data is exchanged through sockets using read and write operations.

• Sockets can be used for various applications like web browsing, email, and file transfer.
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Q1. They asked OS fundamentals
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Q1. I2c Spi protocol implementation
Ans. 
I2C and SPI are serial communication protocols used for connecting microcontrollers to peripherals.
• I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) is a synchronous, multi-master, multi-slave, packet-switched protocol commonly used for communication between integrated circuits.

• SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) is a synchronous, full-duplex, master-slave communication protocol commonly used for communication between microcontrollers and ...read more
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Q1. Last company experience and details
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Q1. Shared memory, threading , synchronization mechanism
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