Cybage Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Q1. Basic swift concepts ,
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Q2. Dispatch queue in details
Ans. 
Dispatch queue is a queue of tasks that are executed in a first-in, first-out order.
• Dispatch queue is used for managing concurrent tasks in iOS and macOS applications.

• It is a way to manage the execution of tasks in a serial or concurrent manner.

• Tasks can be added to a dispatch queue using dispatch_async() or dispatch_sync() functions.

• Dispatch queue can be either serial or concurrent.

• Serial queue executes tasks in a fir...read more
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Q1. Salary discussion ,salary breakup discussion
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Q1. Questions about Javascript/Angular
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Q1. Questions about Javascript/Angular. These were more about core concepts.
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Q1. Technical discussion with Client. The questions were more about base technologies HTML/CSS/Javascript. The discussion also focused on higher level concepts about APIs/Database/Optimized solutions for large...read more
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Q1. Salary/Designation Discussion
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

In this round, I was first asked about the projects that I worked on in my previous company. I was also asked about the various tech stacks that I was familiar with and then the interviewer started asking me questions around Java and some basic OOPS concepts.

Q1. Java Question
What are the advantages of Packages in Java?
Ans. 
There are various advantages of defining packages in Java.

i) Packages avoid the name clashes.
ii) The Package provides easier access control.
iii) We can also have the hidden classes that are not visible outside and used by the package.
iv) It is easier to locate the related classes.
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Q2. Java Question
Why Java is platform independent and JVM platform dependent?
Ans. 
JVM is platform dependent because it takes java byte code and generates byte code for the current operating
system. So Java software is platform dependent but Java language is platform independent because different
operating system have different JVMs.
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Q3. Java Question
Why are Java Strings immutable in nature?
Ans. 
String objects in Java are immutable by definition. This signifies that the String object's state cannot be changed once
it has been created. As a result, if you try to update the value of that object rather than the values of that object, Java
creates a new string object.

Because String objects are often cached in the String pool, Java String objects are immutable. Because String literals
are frequently shared among numer...read more
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Q4. Java Question
How would you differentiate between a String, StringBuffer, and a StringBuilder?
Ans. 
1) Storage area : In string, the String pool serves as the storage area. For StringBuilder and StringBuffer, heap
memory is the storage area.

2) Mutability : A String is immutable, whereas both the StringBuilder and StringBuffer are mutable.

3) Efficiency : It is quite slow to work with a String. However, StringBuilder is the fastest in performing operations. The
speed of a StringBuffer is more than a String and less than ...read more
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Q5. Java Question
What do you know about JIT Compiler?
Ans. 
1) JIT stands for Just-In-Time and it is used for improving the performance during run time. It does the task of compiling parts of byte code having similar functionality at the same time thereby reducing the amount of compilation time for the code to run.

2) The compiler is nothing but a translator of source code to machine-executable code. 

Working of JIT Compiler :

1) First, the Java source code (.java) conversion...read more
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Q6. Java Question
Differentiate between ArrayList and Vector in Java.
Ans. 
Following are the differences between ArrayList and Vector in java :

1) Synchronization : Vector is synchronized, which means that only one thread can access the code at a time,
however, ArrayList is not synchronized, which means that multiple threads can operate on ArrayList at the same time.

2)Data Growth : Both ArrayList and Vector dynamically expand and shrink to make the most use of storage space,
but the manner they ...read more
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Q7. Java Question
Differentiate between HashSet and TreeSet. When would you prefer TreeSet to HashSet?
Ans. 
Following are the differences between HashSet and TreeSet : 

1) Internal implementation and speed -
1.1) HashSet : For search, insert, and remove operations, it takes constant time on average. TreeSet is slower than HashSet. A hash table is used to implement HashSet.

1.2) TreeSet : For search, insert, and delete, TreeSet takes O(Log n), which is higher than HashSet. TreeSet, on the other hand, preserves ordered data....read more
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Round duration - 60 Minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

This round had questions revolving around OOPS , Spring Boot and Docker. The questions were preety decent and standard and can be answered if one has prior experience in the given tech stack.

Q1. OOPS Question
Explain SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design .
Ans. 
The SOLID principle is an acronym of the five principles which is given below :

1) Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2) Open/Closed Principle
3) Liskov’s Substitution Principle (LSP)
4) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)


Uses of SOLID design principles :

1) The SOLID principle helps in reducing tight coupling.
2) Tight coupling means a group of classes are highly dependent on one ...read more
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Q2. OOPS Question
What is Garbage collector in JAVA?
Ans. 
1) Garbage Collection in Java is a process by which the programs perform memory management automatically.

2) The Garbage Collector(GC) finds the unused objects and deletes them to reclaim the memory. I

3) In Java, dynamic memory allocation of objects is achieved using the new operator that uses some memory and the
memory remains allocated until there are references for the use of the object.

4) When there are no references...read more
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Q3. Spring Boot Question
What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
Ans. 
The @SpringBootApplication annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration, @EnableAutoConfiguration,
and @ComponentScan with their default attributes. Spring Boot enables the developer to use a single annotation
instead of using multiple. But, as we know, Spring provided loosely coupled features that we can use for each
annotation as per our project needs.
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Q4. Spring Boot Question
What is dependency Injection?
Ans. 
The process of injecting dependent bean objects into target bean objects is called dependency injection.

1) Setter Injection: The IOC container will inject the dependent bean object into the target bean object by calling the
setter method.

2) Constructor Injection: The IOC container will inject the dependent bean object into the target bean object by calling
the target bean constructor.

3) Field Injection: The IOC container...read more
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Q5. Spring Boot Question
What Are the Basic Annotations that Spring Boot Offers?
Ans. 
The primary annotations that Spring Boot offers reside in its "org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure" and its sub-
packages. Here are a couple of basic ones:

@EnableAutoConfiguration – to make Spring Boot look for auto-configuration beans on its classpath and
automatically apply them.

@SpringBootApplication – used to denote the main class of a Boot Application. This annotation combines
@Configuration, @EnableAutoConfigurat...read more
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Q6. Docker Question
List the most commonly used instructions in Dockerfile.
Ans. 
1) FROM : This is used to set the base image for upcoming instructions. A docker file is considered to be valid if it
starts with the FROM instruction.

2) LABEL : This is used for the image organization based on projects, modules, or licensing. It also helps in
automation as we specify a key-value pair while defining a label that can be later accessed and handled
programmatically.

3) RUN : This command is used to execute in...read more
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Q7. Docker Question
What command can be run to import a pre-exported Docker image into another Docker host?
Ans. 
This can be done using the docker load command and the syntax is :
docker load -i .tar
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Q8. Docker Question
Describe the lifecycle of Docker Container?
Ans. 
The different stages of the docker container from the start of creating it to its end are called the docker container life
cycle.The most important stages are:

1) Created: This is the state where the container has just been created new but not started yet.
2) Running: In this state, the container would be running with all its associated processes.
3) Paused: This state happens when the running container has been paused.
4) ...read more
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Round duration - 30 Minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This was a Technical Cum HR round where I was first asked some basic Java related concepts and then we discussed
about my expectations from the company , learnings and growth in the forthcomig years. I would suggest be honest and
try to communicate your thoughts properly in these type of rounds to maximise your chances of getting selected.

Q1. Basic HR Questions
Why should we hire you ?
What are your expectations from the company?
How was your overall interview experience?
What are your strengths and weakness according to you?
Where do you see yourse...read more
Ans. 
Tip 1 : The cross questioning can go intense some time, think before you speak.

Tip 2 : Be open minded and answer whatever you are thinking, in these rounds I feel it is important to have opinion.

Tip 3 : Context of questions can be switched, pay attention to the details. It is okay to ask questions in these round,
like what are the projects currently the company is investing, which team you are mentoring. How all is the
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