Cognizant Technical Lead Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Solid principles are a set of design principles in object-oriented programming.

• S - Single Responsibility Principle

• O - Open/Closed Principle

• L - Liskov Substitution Principle

• I - Interface Segregation Principle

• D - Dependency Inversion Principle

• Examples: SOLID principles help in creating maintainable, scalable, and extensible code.

• They promote separation of concerns, modularity, and flexibility.

• They also help in reducing c

Microservices level design involves breaking down a monolithic application into smaller, independent services.

• Identify the business capabilities and break them down into services

• Design each service to be independent and loosely coupled

• Use APIs to communicate between services

• Implement fault tolerance and scalability

• Consider security and monitoring

• Examples: Netflix, Amazon, Uber

OSI layers refer to the seven layers of networking protocols that define how data is transmitted over a network.

• The seven OSI layers are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

• Each layer has its own specific functions and protocols that help in the transmission of data.

• Examples of protocols at different OSI layers include Ethernet at the Data Link layer, IP at the Network layer...read more

Interfaces are used for multiple inheritance and loose coupling, while abstract classes are used for code reuse and common functionality.

• Use interfaces when you want to define a contract that multiple classes can implement.

• Use abstract classes when you want to provide a base implementation for derived classes.

• Interfaces promote loose coupling and allow for easy swapping of implementations.

• Abstract classes allow for cod...read more

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common problems in software design.

• Design patterns provide proven solutions to recurring design problems.

• They help in creating flexible, maintainable, and scalable software.

• Design patterns can be categorized into three types: creational, structural, and behavioral.

• Examples of design patterns include Singleton, Factory Method, Observer, and Strategy.

SOLID principles are a set of design principles that help in creating maintainable and scalable software.

• SOLID stands for Single Responsibility Principle, Open-Closed Principle, Liskov Substitution Principle, Interface Segregation Principle, and Dependency Inversion Principle.

• These principles guide developers to write code that is modular, flexible, and easy to understand and maintain.

• For example, the Single Responsibi...read more