Cognizant Senior QA Tester Interview Questions and Answers

Map and set are used in projects for efficient data storage and retrieval.

• Map is used to store key-value pairs, allowing quick access to values based on their keys.

• Set is used to store unique values, ensuring that each value is only stored once.

• Map and set are commonly used in data processing, caching, and indexing operations.

• Example: In a project, a map can be used to store user preferences with keys representing the ...read more

The sequence of TestNG annotations is @BeforeSuite, @BeforeTest, @BeforeClass, @BeforeMethod, @Test, @AfterMethod, @AfterClass, @AfterTest, @AfterSuite.

• @BeforeSuite - Executed before the test suite starts.

• @BeforeTest - Executed before each test tag in the testng.xml file.

• @BeforeClass - Executed before the first test method in the current class.

• @BeforeMethod - Executed before each test method.

• @Test - Represents a test m...read more

One challenge faced in automation is handling dynamic elements on web pages.

• Identifying and handling dynamic elements that change their attributes or positions on the page.

• Using techniques like wait conditions, dynamic locators, or regular expressions to handle dynamic elements.

• Ensuring the stability and reliability of automated tests when dealing with dynamic elements.

• Adapting automation scripts to handle changes in d...read more

Different types of exceptions in software testing

• ArithmeticException - occurs when an arithmetic operation fails

• NullPointerException - occurs when a null reference is used

• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - occurs when accessing an array with an invalid index

• FileNotFoundException - occurs when a required file is not found

• TimeoutException - occurs when an operation exceeds the specified time limit

Different locators are used in software testing to identify and interact with elements on a web page or application.

• XPath: Uses path expressions to navigate through elements in an XML document

• CSS Selector: Selects elements based on their attributes, classes, or IDs

• ID: Locates elements by their unique identifier

• Name: Finds elements by their name attribute

• Class Name: Identifies elements by their class attribute

• Tag Name: ...read more

XPath and CSS are both locator strategies used in web testing to identify elements on a webpage.

• XPath is a language used to navigate XML documents and is commonly used in web testing to locate elements based on their attributes or structure.

• CSS selectors are used to select elements based on their attributes, classes, or IDs.

• XPath is more powerful and flexible than CSS selectors, but can be slower.

• CSS selectors are gene...read more

Automation frameworks streamline testing processes, enhance reusability, and improve test maintenance.

• Modular Framework: Breaks tests into smaller, reusable components. Example: Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium.

• Data-Driven Framework: Separates test logic from test data. Example: Using Excel or CSV files to drive test inputs.

• Keyword-Driven Framework: Uses keywords to represent actions. Example: A keyword like 'Login'...read more

API POJO classes in Rest Assured facilitate structured data handling for API testing, enhancing readability and maintainability.

• POJO Definition: POJO stands for Plain Old Java Object, which is a simple Java object that doesn't adhere to any special restrictions and is used to represent data.

• Data Mapping: POJO classes are used to map JSON responses to Java objects, making it easier to work with the data in a structured ...read more