60+ Nitstone Finserv Interview Questions and Answers

Stack is a data structure that follows LIFO (Last In First Out) principle. Converting a queue to stack requires dequeuing and pushing elements.

• Stack is a collection of elements with two main operations: push and pop.

• Push adds an element to the top of the stack, while pop removes the top element.

• Converting a queue to stack requires dequeuing all elements and pushing them onto a stack.

• Example: Queue: 1-2-3-4-5, Stack: 5-4-3-2-1

Structures are value types while classes are reference types.

• Structures are allocated on stack while classes are allocated on heap.

• Structures do not support inheritance while classes do.

• Structures cannot have explicit parameterless constructors while classes can.

• Structures are used for small data structures while classes are used for larger, more complex objects.

• Example of structure: struct Point { int x, y; }

• Example of class: class Person { string name; int age; }

Use SQL JOIN to fetch common records from two tables.

• Use SQL JOIN to combine the two tables based on a common column (e.g. student ID).

• Select the columns you want to retrieve from both tables.

• Use the WHERE clause to filter out the records that are common between the two tables.

RDBMS is a type of DBMS that uses a relational model to store and manage data.

• DBMS is a general term for any software that manages data

• RDBMS uses tables with rows and columns to store data

• RDBMS enforces relationships between tables using keys

• Example: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server

• Example of a database: a customer database for a retail store

To select uncommon records that do not match, use the NOT IN or NOT EXISTS clause in SQL.

• Use the NOT IN clause to select records that do not match a specific list of values.

• Use the NOT EXISTS clause to select records that do not have a matching record in a subquery.

• Example: SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name NOT IN (value1, value2);

• Example: SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table2 WHERE table1.id = table2.id);

The question asks for SQL queries for joining three tables, sorting in descending order in C program, and printing 'Hello, World!' in C.

• To join three tables in SQL, use the JOIN keyword with appropriate conditions.

• To sort in descending order in C, use the qsort() function with a custom comparison function.

• To print 'Hello, World!' in C, use the printf() function with the desired message.

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System.

• OOPS is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions.

• It emphasizes on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from the user.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects to take on multiple forms or behaviors.

• Examples of OOPS languages include Java, C++, Python, and Ruby.

Flexibility can bring advantages like adaptability and creativity, but can also lead to indecisiveness and lack of focus.

• Flexibility allows for adaptability to changing situations and creativity in problem-solving.

• It can also lead to indecisiveness and lack of focus if not balanced with structure and clear goals.

• Advantages include increased resilience, better teamwork, and improved communication.

• Disadvantages include potential for burnout and difficulty in prioritizing tasks....read more

Swapping two variables without using temporary variables.

• Use arithmetic operations to swap values

• X = X + Y

• Y = X - Y

• X = X - Y

Moving images can be added in Flipkart by using HTML and CSS animations.

• Use HTML tag to insert the image

• Apply CSS animations to create the moving effect

• Use keyframes to define the animation behavior

To find the inverse of a number, calculate the difference and sum of its digits.

• Iterate through each digit of the number to calculate the sum and difference.

• Reverse the order of the digits to get the inverse number.

• For example, if the number is 123, the sum of digits is 1+2+3=6 and the difference is 3-2-1=0. The inverse would be 321.

Trees and graphs are used to represent hierarchical and non-linear relationships respectively in data structures and algorithms.

• Trees are used to represent hierarchical relationships between data points, such as in file systems or organizational structures.

• Graphs are used to represent non-linear relationships between data points, such as in social networks or transportation systems.

• Both trees and graphs can be traversed using various algorithms, such as depth-first search or ...read more

Time complexity of nested for loop.

• The time complexity is O(n^k) where n is the size of the outer loop and k is the size of the inner loop.

• Nested loops can lead to exponential time complexity.

• Optimizing the inner loop can improve performance.

Space complexity refers to the amount of memory used by an algorithm.

• It is a measure of how much memory an algorithm needs to solve a problem.

• It is usually expressed in terms of the amount of memory used by the algorithm as a function of the size of the input.

• Space complexity can be affected by the data structures used in the algorithm.

• For example, an algorithm that uses a hash table will have a higher space complexity than one that uses a simple array.

I was informed about the company's onboarding process, including orientation, training, and HR policies.

• Received an employee handbook outlining company policies and procedures

• Participated in orientation sessions to learn about company culture and values

• Completed training on specific job responsibilities and software tools

• Met with HR to discuss benefits, payroll, and other administrative details

Code to check prime numbers in an array

• Iterate through each number in the array

• For each number, check if it is divisible by any number from 2 to the square root of the number

• If the number is only divisible by 1 and itself, it is a prime number

Technologies used in IT industry include cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and internet of things.

• Cloud computing: AWS, Azure, Google Cloud

• Artificial intelligence: Machine learning, natural language processing

• Blockchain: Bitcoin, Ethereum

• Internet of things: Smart homes, wearables

A motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, while a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

• Motors use electrical energy to create motion, while generators use motion to create electrical energy.

• Motors have a rotor and a stator, while generators have a stator and a rotor.

• Examples of motors include electric fans, washing machines, and power tools, while examples of generators include wind turbines and hydroelectric dams.

Code to add two objects and get results

• Use the + operator to add the values of the objects

• Ensure that the objects have compatible data types for addition

• Handle any potential errors or exceptions that may occur during the addition

SQL is a language used to manage databases, while SQL Server is a Microsoft product that includes a database management system.

• SQL is a language used to interact with databases, while SQL Server is a Microsoft product that includes a database management system.

• SQL can be used with various database management systems like MySQL, Oracle, etc., while SQL Server is specific to Microsoft.

• SQL is a standard language for querying and managing databases, while SQL Server provides addi...read more

Python is a versatile programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and vast library support.

• Easy to learn and use, making it ideal for beginners and experienced programmers alike

• Has a large standard library with built-in modules for various tasks, reducing the need for external libraries

• Supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming

• Cross-platform compatibility allows code to run on different operating ...read more

React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

• React allows developers to create reusable UI components.

• It uses a virtual DOM for efficient rendering.

• React can be used to build single-page applications.

• React is maintained by Facebook and a community of developers.

• React can be combined with other libraries like Redux for state management.

While loop checks the condition before executing the code block, while Do while loop executes the code block first and then checks the condition.

• While loop is entry controlled, Do while loop is exit controlled

• While loop may not execute at all if the condition is false initially, Do while loop executes at least once

• Example: while loop - while(i < 5) { //code } vs. do { //code } while(i < 5)

The security layer in the ISO OSI Model is the Presentation Layer.

• The Presentation Layer is responsible for encryption, decryption, and data compression.

• It ensures that data is securely transmitted between applications.

• Examples of security protocols at this layer include SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security).

Different ways to introduce infinite loop in programming

• Using while loop with condition that always evaluates to true

• Using for loop with condition that never becomes false

• Using recursion without a base case

• Using goto statement to jump back to the beginning of the loop

Code to print name

• Use a print statement to output the name

• Enclose the name in quotes

• Separate first and last name with a space

Yes, I have a few questions regarding the company culture and team dynamics.

• Can you tell me more about the team I will be working with?

• What is the company's approach to professional development?

• How does the company foster collaboration and communication among teams?

• What is the company's policy on work-life balance?

An interpreted language is a type of programming language that executes instructions directly, without the need for compilation.

• Interpreted languages are executed line by line, translating each line into machine code at runtime.

• Examples of interpreted languages include Python, Ruby, and JavaScript.

• Interpreted languages are generally slower than compiled languages, as they do not undergo a separate compilation step.

Compile time polymorphism is method overloading while runtime polymorphism is method overriding.

• Compile time polymorphism is resolved at compile time while runtime polymorphism is resolved at runtime.

• Method overloading is an example of compile time polymorphism while method overriding is an example of runtime polymorphism.

• Compile time polymorphism is faster than runtime polymorphism as it is resolved at compile time.

• Runtime polymorphism is more flexible than compile time poly...read more

Distributed file systems have advanced with features like fault tolerance, scalability, and data consistency.

• Distributed file systems allow for data to be stored across multiple servers and accessed from anywhere.

• Advancements include fault tolerance to ensure data availability even if a server fails.

• Scalability allows for easy expansion as data storage needs grow.

• Data consistency ensures that all nodes in the system have the same view of the data.

• Examples of distributed file ...read more

Java is platform independent due to its bytecode and JVM.

• Java code is compiled into bytecode which is platform-neutral.

• JVM (Java Virtual Machine) interprets the bytecode and executes it on any platform.

• JVM acts as an abstraction layer between the code and the underlying hardware.

• This allows Java programs to run on any platform that has a JVM installed.

• For example, a Java program written on a Windows machine can run on a Linux machine without any modifications.

Call by value passes a copy of the value while call by reference passes the memory address of the value.

• Call by value passes a copy of the value to the function while call by reference passes the memory address of the value.

• In call by value, any changes made to the parameter inside the function do not affect the original value outside the function.

• In call by reference, any changes made to the parameter inside the function affect the original value outside the function.

• Call by...read more

Knowledge is information gained through learning, while wisdom is the ability to apply that knowledge in a meaningful way.

• Knowledge is theoretical, while wisdom is practical.

• Knowledge is acquired through education and experience, while wisdom is gained through reflection and introspection.

• Knowledge is objective, while wisdom is subjective.

• Examples: Knowing how to drive a car is knowledge, but knowing when to drive and when not to drive is wisdom. Knowing the facts about a dis...read more

Type casting in Java is the process of converting one data type into another.

• Use the syntax (newType) variableName to perform type casting.

• Type casting can be done implicitly or explicitly.

• Explicit type casting is done by the programmer and may result in data loss if the new type cannot hold the original value.

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and scientific computing.

• It has a large standard library and supports multiple programming paradigms.

• Python code is easy to read and maintain, making it a popular choice for beginners and experienced programmers alike.

Swapping two numbers using a temporary variable in programming.

• Declare three variables: a, b, temp.

• Assign values to a and b.

• Store the value of a in temp.

• Assign the value of b to a.

• Assign the value of temp to b.

• Now a and b have been swapped.

A program demonstrating inheritance in programming

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class

• The derived class can add its own properties and methods

• Inheritance promotes code reusability and modularity

• Example: Creating a base class 'Animal' with properties like 'name' and 'age', and a derived class 'Dog' inheriting from 'Animal' with an additional property 'breed'

Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent and manipulate data.

• Objects encapsulate data and behavior

• Classes define the blueprint for objects

• Inheritance allows for the creation of subclasses with shared characteristics

• Polymorphism allows for objects to take on multiple forms

• Examples include Java, Python, and C++

The 4 pillars of OOP are Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

• Abstraction: Hiding implementation details and showing only necessary information.

• Encapsulation: Binding data and functions together to protect data from outside interference.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes from existing ones, inheriting properties and methods.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface to represent multiple types of objects.

Java is platform-independent, while C++ is not. Java uses automatic memory management, while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java is platform-independent, meaning that Java programs can run on any operating system that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). C++ programs, on the other hand, are compiled into machine code specific to the target platform.

• Java uses automatic memory management through garbage collection, which automatically frees up memory that is no longer neede...read more

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to eliminate redundancy and improve data integrity.

• Normalization is used to minimize data duplication and ensure consistency.

• There are different normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, etc.) that define specific rules for organizing data.

• Normalization helps in reducing data anomalies and improving database performance.

• Normalization involves breaking down a large table into smaller, more manageable tables.

• Each normal form has ...read more

Functions are used to break down complex tasks into smaller, reusable parts.

• Functions should be used when a task needs to be performed multiple times in a program.

• Functions make code more organized and easier to read.

• Functions can take parameters and return values to make them more versatile.

• Functions can be used to break down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable parts.

• Functions can be used to improve code reusability and reduce redundancy.

Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and methods that can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.

• Static variables and methods are declared using the keyword 'static'

• Static variables are shared among all instances of the class

• Static methods can be called without creating an instance of the class

• Static methods cannot access non-static variables or methods

• Example: public static int count = 0; // static variable

• Example: public static void printCou...read more

C is a procedural programming language, while C++ is an extension of C with added features like object-oriented programming.

• C is a procedural language, while C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented programming.

• C++ has additional features like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• C++ supports function overloading and exception handling, which are not available in C.

• C++ has a standard template library (STL) that provides useful data structures and algorithms.

• C++ allo...read more

Key constraints are rules that enforce uniqueness and relationships in a database.

• Key constraints ensure that each record in a table is uniquely identified.

• Primary key constraint enforces uniqueness and ensures each record has a unique identifier.

• Foreign key constraint establishes a relationship between two tables based on a key field.

• Unique key constraint ensures that all values in a column are unique.

SQL join statements are used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them.

• Join statements are used to retrieve data from multiple tables in a single query.

• Common types of join statements include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

• Join conditions are specified using the ON keyword followed by the columns to join on.

• Join statements can be used to fetch related data from different tables based on a common column.

• Example: SELECT * F...read more

C++ supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) through classes and objects.

• C++ allows for the creation of classes, which are user-defined data types that can have member functions and variables.

• Objects are instances of classes, allowing for data encapsulation and abstraction.

• Inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation are key principles of OOP supported by C++.

Fibonacci series is a sequence of numbers where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

• Start with two variables, a and b, initialized to 0 and 1 respectively

• Loop through the desired number of iterations and calculate the next number in the sequence by adding a and b

• Assign the value of b to a and the value of the new number to b

• Repeat until desired number of iterations is reached

A C program to reverse a given name.

• Declare a character array to store the name.

• Use scanf() to take input of the name.

• Use strlen() function to find the length of the name.

• Use a for loop to iterate through the name in reverse order.

• Print the reversed name using printf().

DBMS is a software system to manage databases while RDBMS is a type of DBMS that stores data in tables with relations.

• DBMS stands for Database Management System while RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.

• DBMS can manage any type of database while RDBMS manages only relational databases.

• DBMS does not enforce any specific data model while RDBMS enforces the relational data model.

• Examples of DBMS include MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis while examples of RDBMS inc...read more

List is mutable while tuple is immutable in Python.

• Lists are enclosed in square brackets [], while tuples are enclosed in parentheses ().

• Elements in a list can be changed, added, or removed, while elements in a tuple cannot be changed.

• Lists are used for collections of homogeneous items, while tuples are used for heterogeneous items.

• Lists are slower than tuples in terms of performance.

• Example: my_list = [1, 2, 3] and my_tuple = (4, 5, 6)

OOPs concepts are fundamental principles in object-oriented programming that help in organizing code efficiently.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class). Example: Class Car with properties like make, model, and methods like start(), stop().

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class. Example: Class SUV inheriting from Class Car.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Example: Inheritance in OOP allows a child class to override a method from its parent class, exhibiting polymorphic behavior.

Polymorphism is the ability of a single function or method to operate on different types of data.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• There are two types of polymorphism: compile-time (method overloading) and runtime (method overriding).

• Example: Inheritance in object-oriented programming languages like Java allows for polymorphism.

String is a sequence of characters. DBMS is a software system that manages databases.

• String is a data type used to represent text in programming languages.

• DBMS stands for Database Management System.

• String example: 'Hello, World!'

• DBMS example: MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server

Python is a high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python is interpreted, not compiled

• It supports multiple programming paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming

• Python has a large standard library and a vibrant community for support

• Example: print('Hello, World!') is a simple Python program that prints 'Hello, World!' to the console

Captcha is a security measure used to determine whether a user is human or a bot by presenting a challenge that is easy for humans to solve but difficult for bots.

• Captcha stands for Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart.

• It typically involves distorted text that the user must enter correctly to proceed.

• Captcha can also include image recognition tasks or simple puzzles.

• Captcha helps prevent automated bots from accessing websites or submittin...read more

A C program to determine if a number is even or odd.

• Use the modulo operator to check if the number is divisible by 2.

• If the remainder is 0, the number is even. Otherwise, it is odd.

• Print the result to the console or store it in a variable for later use.

OOPS concepts are fundamental principles in object-oriented programming that help in designing and implementing software solutions.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods together in a class to hide implementation details.

• Inheritance: Creating new classes by inheriting properties and behaviors from existing classes.

• Polymorphism: Ability of objects to take on many forms and perform different actions based on the context.

• Abstraction: Simplifying complex systems by breaking the...read more

Type casting is the process of converting a variable from one data type to another.

• Type casting can be implicit or explicit.

• Implicit type casting is done automatically by the compiler.

• Explicit type casting requires the programmer to specify the conversion.

• Example: converting an integer to a float in order to perform division with decimal precision.

Swapping two numbers involves exchanging the values of two variables.

• Create a temporary variable to store one of the numbers

• Assign the value of the first number to the second number

• Assign the value of the temporary variable to the first number

SAP ABAP is a high-level programming language used for developing applications on the SAP platform.

• ABAP stands for Advanced Business Application Programming.

• It is primarily used for developing business applications in SAP environments.

• ABAP programs can be executed on the SAP NetWeaver Application Server.

• Common use cases include report generation, data manipulation, and interface development.

• Example: Creating custom reports to analyze sales data in SAP.

Workflow is a sequence of tasks or processes that define how work is completed within an organization.

• Defines the steps needed to complete a task, e.g., processing a loan application.

• Can be automated using software tools, like project management systems.

• Involves roles and responsibilities, ensuring accountability, e.g., who approves a document.

• Can be visualized using flowcharts to illustrate the process, e.g., customer service escalation.

• Helps in identifying bottlenecks and i...read more