Cognizant Junior Software Engineer Interview Questions, Process, and Tips for Freshers

Q1. Define the Oops pillars.
Ans. 
Oops pillars are the four main principles of object-oriented programming: Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism.
• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

• Polymorphism: A
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Q2. Define internal working of Hashmap
Ans. 
Hashmap is a data structure that stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to quickly retrieve values based on keys.
• Hashmap uses an array to store key-value pairs.

• Keys are hashed to determine the index where the value will be stored.

• Collision handling techniques like chaining or open addressing are used to deal with multiple keys hashing to the same index.

• Retrieving a value involves hashing the key to find the index and ...read more
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Q3. Define multi threading & synchronisation
Ans. 
Multithreading is the ability of a CPU to execute multiple threads concurrently, while synchronization is the coordination of multiple threads to ensure data consistency.
• Multithreading allows multiple threads to run concurrently on a single CPU core.

• Synchronization is used to coordinate access to shared resources among multiple threads.

• Examples of synchronization mechanisms include locks, semaphores, and monitors.

• Multi...read more
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Q4. Difference between abstract class & functional interface
Ans. 
Abstract class can have both abstract and non-abstract methods, while functional interface can have only one abstract method.
• Abstract class can have constructors, fields, and methods, while functional interface can only have one abstract method.

• Abstract class can have abstract and non-abstract methods, while functional interface can only have one abstract method.

• Abstract class can provide default implementations for me...read more
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There was 2 coding questions

Basic aptitude round

Q1. What are data types?
Ans. 
Data types are classifications of data items that determine the possible values and operations that can be performed on them.
• Data types define the type of data that a variable can hold, such as integers, strings, or booleans.

• Examples of data types include int (integer), float (floating point number), char (character), and bool (boolean).

• Data types also determine the size of the variable in memory and the range of value
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Q2. How to reverse an array of numbers?
Ans. 
To reverse an array of numbers, iterate through the array and swap elements from start to end.
• Iterate through the array using two pointers, one starting from the beginning and the other from the end.

• Swap elements at the two pointers and move the pointers towards the center until they meet.

• Example: Input array [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], after reversing becomes [5, 4, 3, 2, 1].
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Q1. Basic questions on all topics in resume
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Q1. General discussion
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