100+ Junior Engineer Civil Interview Questions and Answers

The interview questions cover various topics in civil engineering such as concrete, steel reinforcement, measurements, slabs, footings, and more.

• M 20 grade concrete has a ratio of 1:1.5:3 (cement:sand:aggregate)

• The weight of a steel bar used in reinforcement can be found using the formula: weight = (length x diameter^2 x density) / 162.27

• The volume of concrete can be measured using the formula: volume = length x width x height

• The standard size of a brick is 190mm x 90mm x 90m...read more

The spacing of main bar and distribution bar depends on the design and load requirements of the structure.

• The spacing is determined by the structural engineer during the design phase.

• It varies depending on the size and shape of the structure, as well as the load it will bear.

• The spacing should be such that the reinforcement is evenly distributed throughout the structure.

• For example, in a slab, the spacing of main bars may be 150mm to 200mm apart, while the distribution bars m...read more

Water cement ratio is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in a concrete mix.

• It is an important factor in determining the strength and durability of concrete.

• A lower water cement ratio results in stronger and more durable concrete.

• The ideal water cement ratio varies depending on the type of concrete and its intended use.

• For example, a water cement ratio of 0.45 is recommended for concrete used in bridges and other structures exposed to harsh weather c...read more

Yes

• Yes, I understand engineering drawings and can interpret them accurately.

• Yes, I am proficient in preparing Bar Bending Schedules (BBS) for reinforcement detailing.

• Yes, I have experience in quantity estimation for construction projects.

• Yes, I am familiar with relevant software and tools used for these tasks.

• Yes, I can provide examples of projects where I have successfully performed these tasks.

King post and queen post are both types of trusses used in construction, with king post being a simpler design and queen post being a more complex design.

• King post is a simple vertical member in a truss, while queen post is a pair of vertical members connected by a horizontal member.

• Queen post trusses are stronger and can span longer distances compared to king post trusses.

• King post trusses are commonly used in small structures like sheds, while queen post trusses are used in...read more

PH value is not applicable to weather as it is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

• PH value is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

• It is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a scale of 0 to 14.

• Weather does not have a PH value as it is not a solution.

• However, PH value can be affected by weather conditions such as acid rain.

The cutting size of the plate for making shuttering board for a column size of 1m x 1m is not provided.

• The cutting size of the plate depends on the thickness of the shuttering board.

• The thickness of the shuttering board is determined based on the load and requirements of the column.

• The cutting size can be calculated by subtracting the thickness of the shuttering board from the column size.

• Without the specific thickness requirement, the cutting size cannot be determined.

PCC stands for Plain Cement Concrete and RCC stands for Reinforced Cement Concrete.

• PCC is a mixture of cement, sand, and coarse aggregates, used as a base for flooring, foundations, etc.

• RCC is a combination of PCC and reinforcement bars, used in structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, etc.

• PCC has a lower strength compared to RCC.

• RCC provides better resistance against cracks and structural stability.

• PCC is commonly used for non-structural elements, while RCC is used fo...read more

The block shear strength in the bolt connection shown in fig 28 is dlong.

• Block shear strength refers to the maximum load a bolt connection can withstand before failure.

• The term 'dlong' likely refers to a specific value or calculation related to the block shear strength.

• To determine the block shear strength, factors such as the material properties, bolt size, and connection design must be considered.

• Examples of factors affecting block shear strength include the tensile strengt...read more

The procedure of repairing a pot hole involves cleaning the area, filling it with suitable material, and compacting it properly.

• Clean the pot hole by removing any debris or loose material

• Fill the pot hole with suitable material such as asphalt or concrete mix

• Compact the filled material properly to ensure a strong and durable repair

• Seal the edges of the pot hole to prevent water infiltration and further damage

• Regular maintenance and monitoring of repaired pot holes is importan...read more

IS code for RCC is IS 456:2000 and for mix design of concrete is IS 10262:2009.

• IS 456:2000 provides guidelines for the design and construction of reinforced concrete structures.

• IS 10262:2009 provides guidelines for the proportioning of concrete mixes based on the desired strength and workability.

• Both codes are important for ensuring the quality and durability of concrete structures.

To calculate material of M20 grade concrete, we need to know the ratio of cement, sand, and aggregate.

• M20 grade concrete has a mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 of cement, sand, and aggregate respectively.

• To calculate the quantity of each material, we need to know the volume of concrete required.

• Assuming the volume of concrete required is 1 cubic meter, the quantity of cement required would be 0.28 cubic meters.

• The quantity of sand required would be 0.42 cubic meters and the quantity...read more

Questions related to civil engineering including auto level, brick layout, foundation types, concrete mix, cement types, concrete test, cover block, honeycomb repairing, and autocad.

• Least count of auto level is the smallest measurement that can be read by the instrument.

• Brick layout refers to the pattern in which bricks are laid in a wall.

• Types of foundation include shallow foundation, deep foundation, and pile foundation.

• M_25 mix is a concrete mix with a compressive strength...read more

Mixing time in concrete is the duration required to achieve a homogeneous mixture of all the ingredients.

• Mixing time depends on the type of mixer used.

• It also depends on the quantity of ingredients and their properties.

• The ideal mixing time is usually specified by the manufacturer or as per the design requirements.

• Over-mixing can lead to a decrease in the strength of concrete.

• Under-mixing can result in the formation of voids and weak spots in the concrete.

Cement finesse test measures the particle size of cement. Initial and final setting time tests measure the time taken for cement to set.

• For cement finesse test, a sample of cement is sieved through a standard sieve and the residue is weighed.

• The residue is then sieved through a finer sieve and the weight of the residue is again measured.

• The difference between the two weights gives the fineness of cement.

• For initial and final setting time tests, a sample of cement is mixed wit...read more

In high water level areas, foundation work involves dewatering techniques to lower the water table and ensure stability.

• Dewatering techniques such as wellpoint systems, deep wells, sumps, and pumping are used to lower the water table.

• Waterproofing measures like using impermeable membranes or grouting can be applied to prevent water infiltration.

• Proper drainage systems are installed to divert water away from the foundation.

• Special foundation designs like pile foundations or ra...read more

The question is about cement testing and steel distribution in civil engineering.

• Initial and final setting time of cement are important parameters to determine the workability of cement.

• Testing of cement involves various methods such as compressive strength test, fineness test, and soundness test.

• Main steel refers to the steel bars used in the primary reinforcement of concrete structures.

• Distribution steel refers to the steel bars used in the secondary reinforcement of concre...read more

Cement plays a crucial role in construction as it binds the materials together and provides strength and durability to structures.

• Cement acts as a binding agent, holding together different materials like sand, gravel, and water to form concrete.

• It provides strength and stability to structures, making them capable of withstanding various loads and forces.

• Cement helps in preventing the corrosion of reinforcement steel by creating a protective layer around it.

• It contributes to t...read more

There is no single 'best' cement for house construction as it depends on various factors.

• The type of cement used depends on the specific requirements of the project.

• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is commonly used for general construction purposes.

• Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is suitable for areas with high moisture content.

• Rapid Hardening Cement (RHC) is used when quick setting is required.

• Low Heat Cement (LHC) is used in massive concrete structures to reduce heat generati...read more

Calculating concrete quantity for a structure

• Determine the volume of the structure to be filled with concrete

• Calculate the required concrete mix ratio

• Multiply the volume by the mix ratio to get the total concrete quantity

• Add an extra 5-10% to account for wastage and spillage

• Consider the type of structure and its intended use when selecting the mix ratio

Unit weight of 1m³ steel?

• The unit weight of steel varies depending on its type and grade

• The density of mild steel is around 7850 kg/m³

• The density of stainless steel is around 7480 kg/m³

• The density of high carbon steel is around 7850 kg/m³

• The density of low carbon steel is around 7700 kg/m³

Preparation for testing cement, sand, and aggregate for road and building work structures.

• Collect samples of cement, sand, and aggregate from the source.

• Mix the samples in the correct proportion to form a test specimen.

• Add water to the specimen and mix it thoroughly.

• Fill the specimen in a cube or cylinder mold and compact it.

• Leave the specimen to cure for a specific period.

• Test the specimen for compressive strength, water absorption, and other properties.

• Ensure the test resul...read more

To calculate volume of piles, use geometric formulas. For steel detailing, use CAD software and follow industry standards.

• For piles, calculate volume using formulas such as V = πr²h or V = Bh where B is the base area and h is the height.

• For steel detailing, use CAD software such as AutoCAD or Tekla Structures and follow industry standards such as AISC or BS EN.

• Steel detailing involves creating detailed drawings and specifications for the fabrication and erection of steel stru...read more

The volume of cement required for preparing 1 cubic meter of concrete depends on the mix ratio.

• The mix ratio determines the proportion of cement in the concrete mix.

• Common mix ratios for concrete are 1:2:4, 1:3:6, and 1:4:8.

• For example, in a 1:2:4 mix ratio, the volume of cement required would be 1/7th of the total volume of concrete.

• So, for 1 cubic meter of concrete, the volume of cement required would be approximately 0.143 cubic meters.

IRC Code of road studs specifies the standards for installation and maintenance of road studs on highways.

• IRC: Indian Roads Congress

• IRC Code provides guidelines for the design, placement, and materials used for road studs

• It ensures visibility and safety for drivers, especially during night time

• Examples of road studs include reflective studs, solar-powered studs, and ceramic studs

Marble flooring involves preparation of subfloor, laying of marble tiles and grouting. Waterproofing involves surface preparation, application of waterproofing membrane and finishing.

• For marble flooring, subfloor should be leveled and cleaned before laying tiles.

• Marble tiles are laid using adhesive and spacers to ensure even spacing.

• Grouting is done after tiles are set to fill gaps between tiles.

• For waterproofing, surface should be cleaned and free of any debris.

• Waterproofing...read more

The question is unrelated and consists of three different topics: frog, area of triangle, and types of tiles.

• Frog is an amphibian with smooth, moist skin and long hind legs adapted for leaping.

• The area of a triangle is calculated by multiplying the base by the height and dividing by 2.

• There are various types of tiles such as ceramic, porcelain, mosaic, glass, etc.

Answers to questions about type foundation, FAR, and weight per meter of rectangular bar.

• 1. Type foundation refers to the type of structure used to support a building or other construction.

• 2. FAR stands for Floor Area Ratio, which is the ratio of a building's total floor area to the size of the plot of land it is built on.

• 3. The weight per meter of a rectangular bar can be calculated by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the bar by its density and length.

Cement is a binding material used in construction. Different types include OPC, PPC, and PSC. Minimum grade of concrete for RCC is M20.

• Cement is a fine powder made from limestone and clay.

• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most commonly used type of cement.

• Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is used for structures exposed to sulphates and chlorides.

• Portland Slag Cement (PSC) is used for marine structures and sewage works.

• Minimum grade of concrete for RCC is M20, which means th...read more

The deflection angle of a transcurve is the angle between the tangent lines at the beginning and end of the curve.

• The deflection angle of a transcurve is typically denoted by delta (Δ).

• It is the angle formed between the tangent lines at the beginning and end of the curve.

• The deflection angle is used in civil engineering for designing curved roads, railways, and other infrastructure.

• It helps in determining the curvature and alignment of the curve for smooth and safe transporta...read more

The BBS of rectangular stirrup, volume of circular column, BBS of circular ring, and definition of TDS are discussed.

• BBS of rectangular stirrup involves calculating the total length of all the stirrups used in a rectangular beam or column.

• Volume of a circular column can be calculated using the formula: Volume = πr^2h, where r is the radius and h is the height of the column.

• BBS of a circular ring involves calculating the total length of all the rings used in a circular structu...read more

Some necessary tests to check the quality of material include compressive strength test, water absorption test, and durability test.

• Compressive strength test: measures the ability of a material to withstand compressive loads.

• Water absorption test: determines the amount of water absorbed by the material.

• Durability test: assesses the material's ability to withstand various environmental conditions over time.

The layers of a road include subgrade, subbase, base, and surface course.

• Subgrade: natural soil or improved soil beneath the pavement

• Subbase: layer of aggregate material placed on top of the subgrade

• Base: layer of asphalt or concrete placed on top of the subbase

• Surface course: top layer of asphalt or concrete that provides a smooth riding surface

• Cross section shows the layers in a vertical view

Sign boards are used for providing information, directions, warnings, regulations, and advertising.

• Provide information to the public

• Give directions to specific locations

• Warn about potential hazards or dangers

• Display regulations or rules

• Advertise products or services

Chemical treatment in water plant is the process of adding chemicals to water to remove impurities and make it safe for consumption.

• Chemicals like chlorine, alum, and lime are added to water to remove impurities.

• Chlorine is added to kill bacteria and viruses.

• Alum is added to remove suspended particles.

• Lime is added to adjust the pH level of water.

• Chemical treatment is an important step in water purification process.

• It ensures that water is safe for consumption and free from h...read more

Unit weight of 1m³ cement?

• Unit weight of cement varies from 1440 to 1840 kg/m³ depending on the type of cement used.

• The most commonly used cement, Portland cement, has a unit weight of 1506 kg/m³.

• Unit weight is important in determining the amount of cement required for a project.

Weight of steel bar can be calculated using a formula based on its diameter and length.

• Determine the diameter and length of the steel bar

• Use the formula: Weight = (d^2/162) * L, where d is the diameter in mm and L is the length in meters

• Convert the weight to the desired unit of measurement, such as kilograms or pounds

There are approximately 3.78541 liters in 1 gallon.

• 1 gallon is equal to 3.78541 liters.

• To convert gallons to liters, multiply the number of gallons by 3.78541.

• To convert liters to gallons, divide the number of liters by 3.78541.

The building construction process involves several steps from planning to completion.

• Obtain necessary permits and approvals from local authorities

• Prepare the site by clearing and grading the land

• Pour the foundation and construct the structural frame

• Install electrical, plumbing, and HVAC systems

• Complete interior and exterior finishes

• Obtain final inspection and occupancy permit

Different types of sign boards include regulatory signs, warning signs, guide signs, and informational signs.

• Regulatory signs: Signs that give instructions or convey regulations, such as speed limit signs or stop signs.

• Warning signs: Signs that warn of potential hazards, such as slippery road signs or deer crossing signs.

• Guide signs: Signs that provide information about directions, distances, services, etc., such as exit signs or street signs.

• Informational signs: Signs that p...read more

Tolerance for reinforcement bar spacing in slab for above 200mm thick?

• The tolerance for reinforcement bar spacing in slab for above 200mm thick is +/- 10mm.

• This is to ensure proper distribution of load and prevent cracks.

• The spacing should not exceed 3 times the diameter of the bar.

• The tolerance may vary depending on the design and specifications of the project.

Nominal mix is a mix of fixed proportions of cement, sand and aggregate. Design mix is a mix of desired proportions of cement, sand and aggregate.

• Nominal mix is used for small construction works and where quality control is not a major concern.

• Design mix is used for large construction works and where quality control is a major concern.

• Nominal mix has fixed proportions of materials, usually 1:2:4 for M15 grade concrete.

• Design mix has desired proportions of materials based on t...read more

Types of plaster include lime plaster, cement plaster, and gypsum plaster. Internal plaster is typically 12-15mm thick, while external plaster is 20mm thick. Gypsum plaster is usually 2-3mm thick. Waterproofing involves applying a waterproofing membrane or coating to prevent water penetration.

• Types of plaster: lime plaster, cement plaster, gypsum plaster

• Internal plaster thickness: 12-15mm

• External plaster thickness: 20mm

• Gypsum plaster thickness: 2-3mm

• Waterproofing process: app...read more

The question is about the required materials and steel BBS, layout, and quantity of material for construction purposes.

• The required materials for construction depend on the type of project and its specifications.

• Steel BBS (Bar Bending Schedule) is used to determine the quantity of steel required for a project.

• Layout refers to the plan or design of the project, including the placement of materials and structures.

• Quantity of material required for construction can be calculated ...read more

The base in civil foundation refers to the lowest part of the foundation that supports the structure above it.

• The base is the part of the foundation that is in direct contact with the soil or rock below.

• It is designed to distribute the weight of the structure evenly and prevent settling or shifting.

• The size and shape of the base depend on the type of soil and the weight of the structure.

• Examples of types of bases include spread footing, mat foundation, and pile foundation.

The slope of a staircase refers to the angle at which the stairs are inclined.

• The slope of a staircase is typically measured in terms of the rise and run of the stairs.

• It is important to ensure that the slope of a staircase is within acceptable limits for safety and ease of use.

• The slope of a staircase can vary depending on the building codes and regulations of a particular region.

• For example, a common guideline is to have a maximum slope of 7.5 inches of rise for every 10 in...read more

FSI stands for Floor Space Index, Feasibility Report assesses viability of a project, proficient in Excel, PowerPoint, and Word.

• FSI (Floor Space Index) is a ratio of the total floor area of a building to the size of the land on which it is built.

• Feasibility Report evaluates the potential success of a project based on various factors such as cost, timeline, and resources.

• Proficiency in Excel includes creating spreadsheets, data analysis, and formulas.

• Proficiency in PowerPoint ...read more