Cognizant Junior Analyst Interview Questions, Process, and Tips

Overloading is the ability to define multiple functions or operators with the same name but different parameters.

• Function overloading allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters to be defined in a class.

• Operator overloading allows operators such as +, -, *, / to be redefined for user-defined data types.

• Overloading is resolved at compile-time based on the number, type, and order of arguments pa...read more

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were the same type.

• Polymorphism is achieved through method overloading and method overriding.

• Compile-time polymorphism is achieved through method overloading.

• Runtime polymorphism is achieved through method overriding.

• Examples of polymorphism include method overloading and method overriding.

• Pol...read more

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables machines to learn from data and improve their performance.

• It involves training algorithms on large datasets to make predictions or decisions.

• It can be supervised, unsupervised, or semi-supervised.

• Examples include image recognition, natural language processing, and recommendation systems.

• It requires a lot of data and computing power to train models eff...read more

Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines.

• AI involves creating intelligent machines that can perform tasks without human intervention.

• It includes machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics.

• Examples include Siri, Alexa, and self-driving cars.

• AI has applications in various fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation.

TCP/IP model is a networking protocol used for communication between devices on the internet.

• TCP/IP model has four layers: application, transport, internet, and network access.

• Each layer has its own set of protocols and functions.

• TCP/IP model is used for communication between devices on the internet.

• Examples of protocols used in TCP/IP model include HTTP, FTP, TCP, and IP.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process followed by software development teams to design, develop and test high-quality software.

• SDLC consists of several phases including planning, analysis, design, development, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each phase has its own set of activities and deliverables that must be completed before moving on to the next phase.

• SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and Dev...read more

A class is a blueprint for creating objects in C++. An object is an instance of a class.

• A class is a user-defined data type that encapsulates data members and member functions.

• An object is an instance of a class that has its own set of data members and can access the member functions of the class.

• Classes are used to organize and structure code, making it easier to maintain and reuse.

• Example: class Car { private: int sp...read more

Interface in Java is a blueprint of a class that has only abstract methods and constants.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• All methods in an interface are public and abstract by default.

• Interfaces can also have default and static methods in Java 8 and above.

• Example: interface Shape { void draw(); }

A linked list is a linear data structure where each element is a separate object with a pointer to the next element.

• Linked list is a dynamic data structure

• It consists of nodes that contain data and a pointer to the next node

• Insertion and deletion operations are efficient in linked list

• Example: Singly linked list, Doubly linked list

File structure refers to the way data is stored on disk, while data structure refers to the way data is organized in memory.

• File structure is concerned with how data is stored on disk, while data structure is concerned with how data is organized in memory.

• File structure is typically hierarchical, with directories containing files, while data structures can take many forms such as arrays, linked lists, and trees.

• Example...read more

A tree is a hierarchical data structure with a single root node and child nodes, while a graph is a non-linear data structure with nodes and edges.

• Trees have a clear parent-child relationship, while graphs have arbitrary connections between nodes.

• Trees are used in file systems, HTML DOM, and decision trees, while graphs are used in social networks, maps, and recommendation systems.

• Both structures can be represented usi...read more

A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and used efficiently.

• Data structures are used to manage and manipulate data.

• They can be implemented using arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, and other methods.

• Examples include stacks, queues, hash tables, and binary search trees.

• Choosing the right data structure is important for optimizing performance and memory usage.

• Co...read more

A Spanning Tree is a subset of a graph that connects all vertices with the minimum possible number of edges.

• It is a tree that spans all the vertices of a connected graph.

• It has no cycles and is a subgraph of the original graph.

• It has n-1 edges for a graph with n vertices.

• It is used in network design and optimization problems.

A Brute Force Algorithm is a method of solving problems by trying every possible solution.

• It involves trying every possible combination of inputs to find the correct output.

• It is a simple but inefficient algorithm.

• It is commonly used in cryptography to crack passwords.

• Examples include the exhaustive search algorithm and the traveling salesman problem.

Program to implement anagram using array of strings

• Create a function to check if two strings are anagrams

• Loop through the array of strings and compare each pair of strings

• If two strings are anagrams, add them to a new array

• Return the new array of anagrams