Cognizant Automation Testing Interview Questions and Answers

Q1. What do you mean by NRI gatherings and testing tools
Ans. 
NRI gatherings refer to Non-Resident Indian events where testing tools can be used for automation testing.
• NRI gatherings are events organized for Non-Resident Indians to come together and celebrate their culture.

• Testing tools are software applications used to automate the testing process of software applications.

• Automation testing in NRI gatherings can involve testing event registration websites, mobile apps for event
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Q2. Say about some scripts to debug the issue
Ans. 
To debug issues in automation testing, scripts can be used to identify and resolve the root cause of the problem.
• Use logging statements to track the flow of the script and identify where the issue occurs

• Implement error handling mechanisms to catch and handle exceptions gracefully

• Utilize debugging tools provided by the automation testing framework to step through the script and pinpoint the problem

• Add assertions in the ...read more
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Q3. Is tocollect , analyse and finalize purpose of performance testing
Ans. 
Performance testing is conducted to collect, analyze, and finalize the purpose of testing the performance of a system.
• Collect data on system performance under different conditions

• Analyze the data to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement

• Finalize the purpose of performance testing based on analysis results
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Q1. What is the deference between methods and constructors
Ans. 
Methods are functions within a class that define behavior, while constructors are special methods used to initialize objects.
• Methods are used to perform actions or operations within a class.

• Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects when they are created.

• Methods can have return types and parameters, while constructors do not have return types and have the same name as the class.

• Example: Method 'calcula...read more
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Q2. What is interface
Ans. 
An interface in automation testing refers to the point of interaction between two systems or components.
• An interface defines the methods that a class must implement, without specifying how they are implemented.

• Interfaces allow for loose coupling between different components, making it easier to change or update one without affecting the other.

• In automation testing, interfaces are used to interact with the application u...read more
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Q3. Where we can use final keyboard
Ans. 
The final keyword in Java can be used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, and prevent inheritance.
• To declare constants in Java

• To prevent method overriding in Java

• To prevent inheritance in Java
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Q4. What is polymorphism
Ans. 
Polymorphism is the ability of a function or method to behave differently based on the object it is acting upon.
• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.

• It enables a single interface to represent multiple data types.

• Examples include method overloading and method overriding in object-oriented programming.
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Q5. What is inheritance and types of inheritance
Ans. 
Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming where a class inherits properties and behaviors from another class.
• Types of inheritance: single inheritance, multiple inheritance, multilevel inheritance, hierarchical inheritance

• Example: Class B inherits from Class A, Class C inherits from Class B, creating a multilevel inheritance

• Example: Class D inherits from Class A and Class B, demonstrating multiple inherita
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Q1. Write an Xpath for an Anchor tag
Ans. 
Xpath for an Anchor tag in Automation Testing
• Use the 'a' tag in the Xpath expression to target anchor tags

• Use '@href' attribute to specify the link of the anchor tag

• Example: //a[@href='https://www.example.com']
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Q2. What are the challenges faced in your automation project and how did you overcome them ?
Ans. 
Challenges faced in automation project and how they were overcome
• Lack of skilled resources - Conducted training sessions to upskill team members

• Unstable test environment - Implemented robust error handling mechanisms

• Changing requirements - Utilized agile methodologies to adapt quickly

• Integration issues with third-party tools - Collaborated with vendors for solutions
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Q3. Explain Selenium Architecture
Ans. 
Selenium Architecture is a framework that consists of different components for automated testing of web applications.
• Selenium WebDriver: It is the core component that allows interaction with web elements.

• Selenium Grid: It enables parallel execution of tests across different browsers and environments.

• Selenium IDE: It is a record and playback tool for creating test scripts.

• Selenium RC (Remote Control): It is the predeces...read more
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Q4. Have you ever faced synchronization problem ? How did you overcome them ?
Ans. 
Yes, I have faced synchronization problems while automating tests.
• Yes, I have encountered synchronization issues when elements load at different speeds on a webpage.

• To overcome this, I have used explicit waits in Selenium to wait for specific conditions before proceeding with the test.

• I have also used implicit waits to set a default waiting time for the elements to load.

• In some cases, I have used Thread.sleep() to paus...read more
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Q5. What are the exceptions handled other than NosuchElementException
Ans. 
Other exceptions handled in automation testing besides NoSuchElementException
• ElementNotVisibleException - when element is present in DOM but not visible on the page

• StaleElementReferenceException - when element is no longer attached to the DOM

• TimeoutException - when a command does not complete in a specific time frame

• NoSuchWindowException - when the window target to be switched doesn't exist

• InvalidElementStateException ...read more
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Q6. Explain OOPS concepts
Ans. 
OOPS concepts are fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming, including inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex imple...read more
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Q7. Difference between Relative and Absolute xpath
Ans. 
Relative xpath is based on the current position of an element, while absolute xpath starts from the root element.
• Relative xpath is shorter and less prone to breaking with changes in the DOM structure.

• Absolute xpath is longer and more specific, starting from the root element of the HTML document.

• Relative xpath is preferred for dynamic web elements, while absolute xpath is more suitable for static elements.

• Example: Relat...read more
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Q8. Java Program to reverse a string
Ans. 
Java program to reverse a string
• Create a StringBuilder object

• Use the reverse() method to reverse the string

• Convert the StringBuilder object back to a string
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Q9. What is framework ? Explain the frameworks you worked on in your project?
Ans. 
A framework is a set of guidelines, coding standards, concepts, and practices that provide structure and support for automated testing.
• Framework helps in organizing and executing automated tests efficiently.

• Common frameworks include Data-Driven, Keyword-Driven, Hybrid, and Behavior-Driven Development (BDD).

• In my project, I have worked on a Data-Driven framework where test data is separated from test scripts for easy ma
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Q10. TestNG-How to re-run the failed Testcases
Ans. 
TestNG provides the ability to re-run failed test cases using the 'retryAnalyzer' feature.
• Implement a custom 'IRetryAnalyzer' class to define the retry logic for failed test cases.

• Specify the 'retryAnalyzer' attribute in the @Test annotation with the custom retry analyzer class.

• Set the 'retryAnalyzer' attribute to the custom class name in the testng.xml file to apply the retry logic globally.

• Failed test cases will be a...read more
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Q11. What is Interface in Java
Ans. 
Interface in Java is a reference type in Java, similar to a class, that can contain only constants, method signatures, default methods, static methods, and nested types.
• An interface is a blueprint of a class that can have abstract methods and constants.

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java.

• Classes can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one class.

• Example: interface Sh...read more
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Q12. Explain Fluent wait ,implict ,explicit wait
Ans. 
Fluent wait, implicit wait, and explicit wait are different types of wait strategies used in automation testing to handle synchronization issues.
• Fluent wait is a dynamic wait mechanism in Selenium WebDriver that waits for a condition to be true with a specified polling frequency.

• Implicit wait is a global wait applied to all elements in the WebDriver instance, allowing a certain amount of time for elements to load befor...read more
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Q13. TestNG supports crossbrowser testinh
Ans. 
Yes, TestNG supports crossbrowser testing by allowing the execution of test cases on multiple browsers in parallel.
• TestNG allows the use of @Parameters annotation to pass browser type as a parameter to test methods.

• TestNG can be integrated with Selenium WebDriver to run tests on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.

• TestNG provides the flexibility to run tests in parallel on multiple browsers for faster e
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Q1. Discuss 4 case study related to supply chain management.
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Round duration - 140 minutes
Round difficulty - Medium

Test timing was at 2:00 pm , it was conducted in a college and the environment was good for the test. Camera was a primary part of test, so no suspicious activity.

Q1. 
Sum of Two Numbers Represented as Arrays
Given two numbers in the form of two arrays where each element of the array represents a digit, calculate the sum of these two numbers and return this sum as an ar...read more
Ans. 
Given two numbers represented as arrays, calculate their sum and return the result as an array.
• Iterate through the arrays from right to left, adding digits and carrying over if necessary

• Handle cases where one array is longer than the other by considering the remaining digits

• Ensure the final sum array does not have any leading zeros
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Round duration - 20 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

The round was conducted at around 12 p.m. I was called at the college location and then it was conducted. The interviewer was quite polite and frank.

Round duration - 8 minutes
Round difficulty - Easy

This round was conducted right after finishing and clearing the technical round at the same place and on the same day.