30+ Chetu Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

The task is to find all pairs of elements in an array that add up to a given target.

• Iterate through the array and for each element, check if the complement (target - current element) exists in a hash set.

• If the complement exists, add the pair to the result. If not, add the current element to the hash set.

• Handle edge cases like duplicates and ensuring each pair is unique.

• Return (-1, -1) if no pair is found for a test case.

Find the node where two linked lists merge, return -1 if no merging occurs.

• Traverse both lists to find the lengths and the difference in lengths

• Adjust the starting point of the longer list to match the length of the shorter list

• Traverse both lists in parallel until the nodes match, return the data of the matching node

Find all possible paths for a rat in a maze from source to destination.

• Use backtracking to explore all possible paths in the maze.

• Keep track of visited cells to avoid revisiting them.

• Recursively try moving in all directions (up, down, left, right) until reaching the destination.

• Return a list of strings representing valid paths sorted in alphabetical order.

The 'super' keyword is used in object-oriented programming to access and call methods or constructors of a parent class.

• Used to call a method from the parent class that has been overridden in the child class

• Used to call the constructor of the parent class from the child class constructor

• Helps in achieving method overriding and constructor chaining

ACID properties in DBMS ensure data integrity and consistency in transactions.

• ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

• Atomicity ensures that either all operations in a transaction are completed or none are.

• Consistency ensures that the database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction.

• Isolation ensures that multiple transactions can occur concurrently without affecting each other.

• Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed...read more

Abstract classes are classes that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interfaces are contracts that define methods that must be implemented by a class.

• Abstract classes can have constructors while interfaces cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• Abstract classes can have instance variables while interfaces cannot

• Interfaces are used to achieve abstraction and provide loose coupling whi...read more

Different types of joins in SQL include inner join, outer join, left join, right join, and full join.

• Inner join: Returns rows when there is a match in both tables

• Outer join: Returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables

• Left join: Returns all rows from the left table and the matched rows from the right table

• Right join: Returns all rows from the right table and the matched rows from the left table

• Full join: Returns rows when there is a match in one of the tables

Data encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit or class.

• Data encapsulation helps in hiding the internal state of an object and restricting access to it.

• It allows for better control over the data by preventing outside interference.

• Encapsulation also helps in achieving data abstraction, where the internal details of an object are hidden and only the necessary information is exposed.

• For example, in object-oriented progr...read more

JIT compiler stands for Just-In-Time compiler, which compiles code during runtime instead of ahead of time.

• JIT compiler improves performance by compiling code on-the-fly as it is needed

• It can optimize code based on runtime conditions

• Examples include Java HotSpot VM's JIT compiler and .NET's JIT compiler

Abstraction, inheritance and polymorphism are three fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming.

• Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and providing a simplified interface for the user.

• Inheritance is the mechanism by which one class acquires the properties and behavior of another class.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. It allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were objects of the same cla...read more

To use two models in a single view with MVC Routing and Attribute, we can create a ViewModel.

• Create a ViewModel that contains the properties of both models

• Populate the ViewModel with data from both models in the controller

• Pass the ViewModel to the view

• Access the properties of both models in the view using the ViewModel

Constraints in SQL are rules and restrictions applied to columns in a table to enforce data integrity.

• Constraints ensure data accuracy and consistency in a database.

• Common constraints include NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and CHECK constraints.

• NOT NULL constraint ensures a column cannot have a NULL value.

• UNIQUE constraint ensures all values in a column are unique.

• PRIMARY KEY constraint uniquely identifies each record in a table.

• FOREIGN KEY constraint establishes...read more

Triggers are used to perform custom actions before or after specific events, while Process Builders are used to automate business processes.

• Triggers are written in Apex code, while Process Builders are point-and-click tools in Salesforce.

• Triggers can handle complex logic and multiple objects, while Process Builders are more declarative and easier to use.

• Triggers execute at the database level, while Process Builders run in the Salesforce application layer.

• Triggers are more sui...read more

JavaScript anonymous functions in jQuery are used to create functions without a name, while JavaScript functions are named functions.

• JavaScript functions are named and can be reused multiple times.

• jQuery anonymous functions are used for event handling and callbacks.

• JavaScript functions can be defined using the function keyword, while jQuery anonymous functions are created using the $ symbol.

The question is unclear and lacks context.

• Please provide more information or rephrase the question.

• Without context, it is difficult to understand what is being asked.

• It is important to communicate clearly in technical interviews.

Reverse a string in C# without using built-in features

• Create a character array from the input string

• Use two pointers to swap characters at the beginning and end of the array

• Continue swapping until the pointers meet in the middle

Mixin is a way to reuse code in multiple classes by including the code in another class.

• Mixin allows for code reuse by combining methods and attributes from multiple classes into a single class.

• It helps in avoiding code duplication and promotes modular design.

• An example of mixin is a class 'Logger' that contains logging methods and can be included in other classes to enable logging functionality.

foreach is used to iterate over an array and perform an action on each element, while map creates a new array by applying a function to each element of an existing array.

• foreach does not return a new array, while map does

• foreach can only perform an action on each element, while map can transform each element

• foreach is useful for performing side effects, while map is useful for creating a new array with transformed elements

Pure pipe and impure pipe are concepts in Angular framework for data transformation.

• Pure pipe is a pipe that is stateless and doesn't modify the input data.

• Impure pipe is a pipe that can have side effects and modify the input data.

• Pure pipes are more efficient as they are only executed when the input data changes.

• Impure pipes are executed on every change detection cycle, even if the input data remains the same.

• Pure pipes are denoted by the 'pure' keyword in Angular.

• Impure pip...read more

Success is achieving one's goals and feeling fulfilled in the process.

• Success is subjective and varies from person to person.

• It can be achieving a personal or professional goal.

• Success can also be measured by the impact one has on others.

• Feeling fulfilled and content is a key component of success.

• Success is not always about material possessions or wealth.

Assets pipeline in Rails is a feature that helps manage and compile assets like CSS, JavaScript, and images for a Rails application.

• The assets pipeline in Rails combines and minifies assets to improve performance.

• It allows for easy organization and management of assets in a Rails project.

• By default, Rails uses Sprockets as the assets pipeline to handle asset compilation and management.

• You can customize the assets pipeline configuration in the 'config/initializers/assets.rb' f...read more

Inheritance is a mechanism in object-oriented programming where a new class is created by inheriting properties of an existing class.

• Inheritance allows code reusability and promotes code organization.

• The existing class is called the parent or superclass, and the new class is called the child or subclass.

• The child class inherits all the properties and methods of the parent class and can also add new properties and methods.

• For example, a class 'Animal' can be a parent class, an...read more

Routing is used to direct network traffic efficiently and securely.

• Routing helps to find the best path for data packets to travel.

• It enables load balancing and fault tolerance.

• Routing protocols like OSPF, BGP, and EIGRP are used to manage routing tables.

• Routing can be static or dynamic depending on the network requirements.

OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (object).

• Inheritance: Ability of a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class.

• Polymorphism: Ability to present the same interface for different data types.

• Abstraction: Hiding the complex implementation details and showing only the necessary features of an object.

Directives are instructions given to a computer program to perform specific tasks or actions.

• Directives are used in programming languages to control the behavior of the program.

• They provide instructions to the compiler or interpreter on how to process the code.

• Directives can define variables, include libraries, enable or disable certain features, etc.

• Examples of directives include #include in C/C++, import in Python, or using directives in C#.

• Directives are typically written ...read more

Thunk and saga are middleware libraries used in Redux for handling asynchronous actions.

• Thunk is a function that wraps an expression to delay its evaluation.

• Saga is a generator function that allows for complex control flow and error handling.

• Thunk is simpler and easier to use, while Saga is more powerful and flexible.

• Example: Thunk can be used to dispatch an action after an API call is complete.

• Example: Saga can be used to handle multiple API calls and dispatch actions based ...read more

Constructor type casting involves converting one data type to another in a constructor.

• Constructor type casting is used to convert one data type to another in a constructor.

• It can be done implicitly or explicitly depending on the languages.

• For example, in Java, you can explicitly cast a data type in a constructor like this: int num = (int) doubleNum;

Storefront apk is a mobile application package file used for online shopping platforms.

• Storefront apk is a file format used for Android apps that provide online shopping services.

• It contains all the necessary files and resources for the app to function properly.

• Users can download and install the storefront apk on their Android devices to access the online shopping platform.

• Examples of storefront apks include Amazon, eBay, and Walmart mobile apps.

Life cycle methods are functions that are called at different stages of a component's life cycle in React.

• There are three categories of life cycle methods: mounting, updating, and unmounting.

• Mounting methods are called when a component is being created and inserted into the DOM.

• Updating methods are called when a component's state or props change.

• Unmounting methods are called when a component is being removed from the DOM.

• Examples of life cycle methods include componentDidMoun...read more

Dependency Injection is a design pattern where components are given their dependencies rather than creating them internally.

• Dependency Injection helps in achieving loose coupling between classes.

• It allows for easier testing by providing mock dependencies.

• There are three types of Dependency Injection: Constructor Injection, Setter Injection, and Interface Injection.

Frontmatter is metadata at the beginning of a document, often used in markdown files to provide information about the content.

• Frontmatter is typically written in YAML, JSON, or TOML format.

• It is used to specify attributes such as title, author, date, and layout of a document.

• Frontmatter is commonly used in static site generators like Jekyll or Hugo.

Angular lifecycle hooks are methods that allow you to tap into specific moments in the lifecycle of a component or directive.

• ngOnInit() - called after the component is initialized

• ngOnChanges() - called when the component's input properties change

• ngDoCheck() - called during every change detection run

• ngAfterContentInit() - called after content is projected into the component

• ngAfterContentChecked() - called after every check of projected content

• ngAfterViewInit() - called after t...read more

Code a revised string by replacing certain characters with specified values.

• Create a function that takes in a string and an array of replacement values

• Iterate through the string and replace characters based on the replacement values

• Return the revised string

A program for polymer involves creating a code to model the behavior of polymer chains.

• Define the structure of a polymer chain using classes or data structures

• Implement functions to simulate polymer chain movement and interactions

• Consider factors like chain length, bond angles, and energy levels in the simulation