Baker Hughes Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

My test automation framework is a modular, scalable solution that enhances testing efficiency and reliability across applications.

• Utilizes Selenium WebDriver for browser automation, allowing for cross-browser testing.

• Incorporates TestNG for test management, enabling parallel execution and detailed reporting.

• Employs Page Object Model (POM) design pattern to enhance code reusability and maintainability.

• Integrates with CI...read more

OOP concepts like encapsulation and inheritance enhance test automation frameworks for better maintainability and scalability.

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods in classes. Example: A 'TestCase' class that contains test steps and results.

• Inheritance: Creating a base class for common functionalities. Example: 'BaseTest' class that other test classes extend.

• Polymorphism: Using a single interface for different data ...read more

RTM stands for Requirements Traceability Matrix, a tool used to ensure all requirements are met in software development.

• RTM links requirements to their corresponding test cases, ensuring coverage.

• It helps in tracking changes in requirements throughout the project lifecycle.

• Example: If a requirement changes, RTM shows which test cases need updates.

• RTM aids in identifying gaps in testing and ensures all requirements are ...read more

Static binding occurs at compile time, while dynamic binding happens at runtime in Java.

• Static binding is resolved during compile time, e.g., method overloading.

• Dynamic binding is resolved during runtime, e.g., method overriding.

• Static binding is faster as it doesn't involve runtime overhead.

• Dynamic binding allows for polymorphism, enabling flexible code behavior.

Abstract classes and interfaces are key concepts in Java for defining abstract types and enforcing contracts for classes.

• An abstract class can have both abstract methods (without implementation) and concrete methods (with implementation).

• An interface can only have abstract methods (prior to Java 8) and default methods (from Java 8 onwards).

• A class can extend only one abstract class but can implement multiple interfaces...read more

A Stale Element Reference Exception occurs when a web element is no longer attached to the DOM in Selenium.

• Element Re-fetching: If you store a reference to a web element and the DOM changes, re-fetch the element before interacting with it.

• Example: After clicking a button that causes a page refresh, the previously stored element reference will be stale.

• Wait for Element: Use WebDriverWait to ensure the element is present...read more

Selenium can fetch data from a table using index by locating elements and iterating through rows and cells.

• Locate the table using XPath or CSS selectors, e.g., driver.findElement(By.xpath('//table')).

• Use findElements to get all rows: List<WebElement> rows = driver.findElements(By.xpath('//table/tbody/tr')).

• Iterate through rows and fetch data using index: String cellData = rows.get(rowIndex).findElements(By.tagNam...read more

Git commands are essential for version control, enabling collaboration and tracking changes in code repositories.

• git init: Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

• git clone <repository>: Creates a local copy of a remote repository.

• git add <file>: Stages changes to be committed.

• git commit -m 'message': Records the staged changes with a descriptive message.

• git push: Uploads local commits to ...read more

PUT replaces a resource, while PATCH updates a resource partially.

• PUT is idempotent; multiple identical requests have the same effect as a single request.

• PATCH is not necessarily idempotent; repeated requests may yield different results.

• Example of PUT: Updating a user's profile by sending the entire profile data.

• Example of PATCH: Updating just the user's email address without affecting other fields.

Taking a screenshot in automation testing captures the current state of the application for verification.

• In Selenium WebDriver, use: driver.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

• For saving the screenshot: FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, new File('path/to/save/screenshot.png'));

• In Python with Selenium: driver.save_screenshot('screenshot.png')

• In JavaScript with Puppeteer: await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png' });

Implementing robust handling for failed scenarios ensures reliability and aids in debugging within a QA framework.

• Use logging to capture detailed error messages and stack traces for failed tests.

• Implement retry logic for flaky tests to reduce false negatives. For example, retry a network call up to three times.

• Categorize failures into critical and non-critical to prioritize fixes. Critical failures halt the pipeline, w...read more