100+ Trainee Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers

The first question is about keeping track of top 10 trending words in a dynamically changing file. The second question is about finding the length of the longest leaf-to-leaf path in a binary tree. The third question is about navigating through an integer matrix.

• For the first question, you can use a data structure like a priority queue or a hash map to keep track of the word frequencies and update the top 10 trending words accordingly.

• For the second question, you can use a re...read more

The interview questions involve finding repeating numbers in an array, counting the number of times each number is repeated, arranging data elements in increasing order, and finding the row with the maximum number of 1s in a 2D array.

• For Question 1, iterate through the array and use a hash set to track repeating numbers.

• For Question 2, use a hash map to count the occurrences of each number.

• For Question 3, merge all the frames into a single array and sort it.

• For Question 4, us...read more

The second set can follow the first set if the second number of the first set is smaller than the first number of the second set.

• Check if b < c

• If true, the second set can follow the first set

• If false, the second set cannot follow the first set

Overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters, while overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined in its superclass.

• Overloading is compile-time polymorphism, while overriding is runtime polymorphism.

• Overloading is achieved within the same class, while overriding occurs between a superclass and its subclass.

• Overloading is used to provide different ways of calling the same method, while overridin...read more

HTTP is unsecured while HTTPS is secured with SSL/TLS encryption.

• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, while HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

• HTTP operates on port 80, while HTTPS operates on port 443.

• HTTP does not encrypt data, while HTTPS encrypts data using SSL/TLS.

• HTTP is vulnerable to eavesdropping and data tampering, while HTTPS provides confidentiality and integrity of data.

• HTTPS uses digital certificates to verify the authenticity of websites...read more

Testing milk or product quality is important to ensure safety, compliance with regulations, and customer satisfaction.

• To ensure the milk or product is safe for consumption

• To comply with quality standards and regulations

• To maintain customer satisfaction and trust

• To identify any contamination or adulteration

• To prevent health risks and foodborne illnesses

• To ensure consistency in taste, texture, and nutritional value

• To detect any spoilage or deterioration

• To verify the accuracy of...read more

Data security and privacy belong to the 'Social' area in the ESG framework.

• Data security and privacy are important social issues that impact stakeholders such as customers, employees, and the general public.

• Organizations need to protect sensitive data from breaches and unauthorized access to maintain trust and credibility.

• Examples include implementing encryption protocols, access controls, and privacy policies to safeguard data.

• Non-compliance with data protection regulations ...read more

The least count of digital vernier caliper is 0.01mm and normal vernier caliper is 0.02mm.

• Digital vernier caliper has a resolution of 0.01mm or 0.0005 inches.

• Normal vernier caliper has a resolution of 0.02mm or 0.001 inches.

• Least count is the smallest measurement that can be read on the scale.

• It is important to know the least count for accurate measurements.

Essential components of milk are water, fat, protein, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. Preservation methods include pasteurization, sterilization, and refrigeration.

• Water is the main component of milk

• Fat provides flavor and texture

• Protein is essential for growth and repair

• Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in milk

• Vitamins and minerals are important for overall health

• Preservation methods include pasteurization, sterilization, and refrigeration

CNC machines are computer-controlled machines that can perform complex tasks with high precision and accuracy.

• CNC machines use computer programs to control their movements and operations

• Conventional machines are manually operated and require skilled operators

• CNC machines can produce parts with higher accuracy and consistency

• CNC machines can perform multiple operations without the need for manual intervention

• Examples of CNC machines include CNC mills, lathes, routers, and plas...read more

PH is a measure of acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 1 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

• PH = - log into base H+ ion concentration

• Range of PH: 1 to 6.9 acidic, 6.9 to 7.1 neutral, 7.1 to 14 basic

• Acidic solutions have a higher concentration of H+ ions, while basic solutions have a higher concentration of OH- ions

• PH is important in many fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science

Answering questions related to precision, instruments, units, and basic drawing knowledge.

• Precision refers to the degree of accuracy in measurements.

• Instruments used in previous company depend on the industry and job role.

• L.C. stands for Least Count and refers to the smallest measurement that can be made with an instrument.

• Digital vernier and micrometer have different L.C. values.

• R.T. unit can refer to Resistance Temperature or Room Temperature depending on the context.

• Cylind...read more

Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, and interactions with other matter and energy.

• Chemistry is divided into five main branches: organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

• PH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, with a range of 0-14. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.

• Other important concepts in chemistry include chemical reactions, stoichiometry, therm...read more

Answering questions related to programming concepts and languages.

• Global variables are accessible throughout the program and can be used to store values that need to be accessed by multiple functions.

• OOPs concept is a programming paradigm that focuses on objects and their interactions to solve problems.

• Java is platform-independent and has automatic memory management, while C++ is faster and allows for more control over memory management.

• Other questions may include topics such...read more

Tolerance refers to the ability to accept and endure something that is different or disagreeable.

• Tolerance is the willingness to respect and accept the beliefs, opinions, and behaviors of others.

• It involves being open-minded and non-judgmental towards people who have different backgrounds, cultures, or perspectives.

• Tolerance promotes harmony, understanding, and empathy in diverse communities.

• Examples of tolerance include accepting different religions, respecting different pol...read more

I switched to sustainability in IT because I believe in the importance of environmental responsibility and making a positive impact.

• Passion for environmental conservation and sustainability

• Desire to make a positive impact through work

• Interest in green technology and renewable energy

• Belief in the importance of corporate social responsibility

• Alignment with personal values and ethics

Answers to questions related to engineering and manufacturing.

• GD&T stands for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing, which is a system used to define and communicate engineering tolerances.

• ID and OD refer to the inner and outer diameters of a cylindrical object, respectively.

• CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines are automated tools that use pre-programmed software to control the movement of machinery and tools.

• The process of CNC machining involves designing a 3D model, c...read more

JavaScript is a programming language used to create interactive web pages. Console.log() is used to print messages in the console.

• JavaScript is a client-side scripting language

• It is used to add interactivity to web pages

• console.log() is used to print messages in the console

Answering questions on C compilation stages, linker, and swapping number logic.

• Swapping number logic involves interchanging the values of two variables without using a third variable.

• C compilation stages include preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking.

• The linker is a program that combines object files generated by the compiler into a single executable file.

• Example of swapping number logic: int a=5, b=10; a=a+b; b=a-b; a=a-b; //a=10, b=5

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

• pH stands for 'potential of hydrogen'

• It measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

• A pH value below 7 indicates acidity, while above 7 indicates alkalinity

• Pure water has a pH of 7, which is considered neutral

• Examples of pH values: lemon juice (pH 2), baking soda (pH 9), stomach acid (pH 1)

Distillation is a process of separating components of a mixture based on their boiling points.

• It involves heating the mixture to vaporize the component with the lowest boiling point.

• The vapor is then condensed and collected as a separate liquid.

• Types of distillation include simple distillation, fractional distillation, and steam distillation.

• Simple distillation is used for separating liquids with large differences in boiling points.

• Fractional distillation is used for separati...read more

The main part of an engine is the cylinder block.

• The cylinder block houses the cylinders, pistons, and crankshaft.

• It is responsible for converting fuel into mechanical energy.

• The cylinder head sits on top of the cylinder block and contains the valves and spark plugs.

• Other important parts of an engine include the camshaft, connecting rods, and oil pump.

Semiconductor devices like relay, PCB, Capacitor, Resistor, Colour coding are essential components in electronic circuits.

• Relay is an electrically operated switch used to control high power circuits.

• PCB or Printed Circuit Board is a board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components.

• Capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in an electric field.

• Resistor is a passive electronic component that limits the flow of electric curre...read more

The cost of an engine rejection varies depending on the type of engine and the extent of damage.

• The cost can range from a few thousand dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars.

• Factors that affect the cost include the type of engine, the extent of damage, and the cost of replacement parts.

• For example, the cost of replacing a jet engine can range from $1 million to $20 million.

• In contrast, the cost of replacing a car engine can range from $1,000 to $4,000.

• Regular maintenance...read more

Various machines can be used to generate electricity, including turbines, generators, and engines.

• Turbines are commonly used in power plants to generate electricity from steam or water.

• Generators can be powered by various sources such as wind, solar, or fossil fuels to produce electricity.

• Engines, such as those in cars or airplanes, can also be used to generate electricity through alternators.

• Hydroelectric dams use turbines to generate electricity from the movement of water.

• N...read more

Yes, I can open a bank account in a nearby bank.

• I can visit any nearby bank branch and inquire about the account opening process.

• I will need to provide my identification documents and other necessary details.

• I can also check online if the bank offers online account opening services.

• Some of the nearby banks include ABC Bank, XYZ Bank, and PQR Bank.

Incoterms are a set of international rules that define the responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international trade.

• Incoterms are abbreviations used in international trade to specify the terms of delivery and transfer of risk between the buyer and seller.

• They provide a common language and framework for parties involved in international transactions.

• Incoterms cover aspects such as transportation, insurance, customs clearance, and transfer of ownership.

• Examples of Incoterm...read more

Functional languages focus on expressions and declarations, while procedural languages focus on sequences of statements.

• Functional languages use functions as first-class citizens

• Functional languages emphasize immutability and pure functions

• Procedural languages use procedures and sequences of statements to achieve tasks

• Procedural languages allow for mutable state and side effects

• Examples of functional languages include Haskell and Lisp, while examples of procedural languages i...read more

Welding is a process of joining two or more metal parts by heating them to a melting point and then allowing them to cool and fuse together.

• Welding defects include porosity, undercutting, and incomplete fusion.

• Types of welding include MIG, TIG, stick, and flux-cored welding.

• Types of welding joints include butt joint, lap joint, and T-joint.

• Hot forming process involves heating a metal to a high temperature and then shaping it into the desired form.

HTML tags define the structure of content, HTML entities represent special characters, and HTML attributes provide additional information about elements.

• HTML tags are used to define the structure of content on a webpage, such as <p> for paragraphs or <h1> for headings.

• HTML entities are used to represent special characters that have a specific meaning in HTML, such as &lt; for < or &amp; for &.

• HTML attributes provide additional information about elements, such as specifying th...read more

Data security involves protecting digital data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

• Data encryption is essential to protect sensitive information from being accessed by unauthorized parties.

• Regularly updating security software and implementing firewalls can help prevent cyber attacks.

• Access control measures, such as strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, are important for restricting access to data.

• Backing up data regu...read more

Questions on C++ and Java programming languages

• Run time polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions in C++

• Copy constructor is used to create a new object as a copy of an existing object in C++

• Java is an object-oriented programming language while C++ is a hybrid language

• JDK stands for Java Development Kit, JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment, and JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine

CFU stands for Colony Forming Unit.

• CFU is a unit of measurement used in microbiology to estimate the number of viable cells or organisms in a sample.

• It is commonly used in the field of microbiology and pharmaceuticals.

• CFU is determined by counting the number of colonies that grow from a single cell or organism on a solid growth medium.

• It is used to assess the concentration of microorganisms in a sample, such as bacteria or yeast.

• CFU is often used in quality control and resear...read more

Tool life can be calculated by measuring the time or number of parts produced before the tool becomes unusable.

• Tool life is typically measured in terms of time or the number of parts produced.

• To calculate tool life, record the start time or the number of parts produced when the tool is put into use.

• Continue using the tool until it becomes unusable or starts to show signs of wear and tear.

• Measure the time elapsed or the number of parts produced until the tool reaches its end o...read more

A lathe machine can work at a speed of 1000 RPM.

• Lathe machines are used for shaping and cutting materials like metal, wood, and plastic.

• They can work at different speeds depending on the material and the type of cut required.

• A lathe machine with a high-speed motor can work at a speed of 1000 RPM or more.

• This speed is suitable for cutting materials like aluminum and brass.

• However, for harder materials like steel, a slower speed is required to prevent damage to the machine and ...read more

OOPs is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• OOPs stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

• It focuses on creating objects that interact with each other to solve a problem.

• It has four main concepts: encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding data and methods within an object.

• Inheritance allows a new class to be based on an existing class, inheriting its properties and methods...read more

Yes, I have knowledge of Microsoft Excel and am familiar with the Vlookup formula.

• I am proficient in using Excel for data analysis and management.

• I have experience using Vlookup to search for specific data in large spreadsheets.

• I am also familiar with other Excel functions such as PivotTables and conditional formatting.

Bangalore is a bustling city in southern India known for its IT industry, parks, and nightlife.

• Bangalore is the capital city of the Indian state of Karnataka.

• It is also known as the Silicon Valley of India due to its thriving IT industry.

• The city is home to many beautiful parks such as Lalbagh Botanical Garden and Cubbon Park.

• Bangalore has a vibrant nightlife with many pubs and clubs.

• To spell the name, it's B-A-N-G-A-L-O-R-E. Contact number varies depending on the person or b...read more

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

• Catalysts lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

• They provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower energy barrier.

• Catalysts can be in the form of enzymes, metals, or other substances.

• They are not consumed or permanently changed during the reaction.

• Examples include platinum in catalytic converters and enzymes in biological reactions.

Identify the root cause, break down the problem into smaller parts, brainstorm solutions, and choose the simplest one.

• Identify the root cause of the problem

• Break down the problem into smaller, manageable parts

• Brainstorm potential solutions

• Choose the simplest and most effective solution

Microbes can be isolated through various techniques such as streak plating, serial dilution, and selective media.

• Streak plating: A small amount of sample is streaked onto an agar plate to obtain isolated colonies.

• Serial dilution: The sample is diluted multiple times and plated onto agar plates to obtain isolated colonies.

• Selective media: Specific nutrients or chemicals are added to the agar to selectively promote the growth of certain microbes.

• Other techniques include filtrat...read more

The area of the room we are sitting in is approximately 200 sq.ft.

• Measure the length and width of the room and multiply them to get the area

• For example, if the room is 10 feet by 20 feet, the area would be 200 sq.ft

Ultimate energy resources should be sustainable and environmentally friendly.

• Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro power should be prioritized.

• Fossil fuels should be phased out gradually.

• Nuclear energy can be an option but safety concerns must be addressed.

• Investment in research and development of new energy technologies is crucial.

• Energy conservation and efficiency should also be promoted.

• Examples of sustainable energy policies include Germany's Energiewende a...read more

Utilities are services that provide essential facilities or resources for a community or organization.

• Electricity: Provides power for lighting, heating, and operating electrical appliances.

• Water: Supplies clean water for drinking, cooking, and sanitation purposes.

• Gas: Used for cooking, heating, and powering certain appliances.

• Telecommunications: Includes telephone, internet, and television services.

• Waste Management: Deals with the collection, disposal, and recycling of waste ...read more

Prepaid expenses are expenses paid in advance while advance payment is payment received in advance.

• Prepaid expenses are recorded as assets on the balance sheet until they are used up.

• Advance payments are recorded as liabilities on the balance sheet until the goods or services are delivered.

• Examples of prepaid expenses include prepaid rent, insurance premiums, and subscriptions.

• Examples of advance payments include customer deposits and prepaid orders.

• Prepaid expenses and advan...read more

Cap box is used in the manufacturing process of injection molding.

• Cap box is used to hold the caps during the injection molding process.

• It helps in organizing and storing the caps before they are used in the production.

• Cap box ensures that the caps are easily accessible and protected from damage.

• Examples of products that may use cap box in manufacturing include bottles, containers, and packaging.

The operating law of a centrifugal pump is based on the principle of converting mechanical energy into fluid energy.

• Centrifugal pumps work by using a rotating impeller to increase the velocity of the fluid, which is then converted into pressure energy.

• The pump operates based on the principle of centrifugal force, where the rotating impeller creates a centrifugal force that pushes the fluid towards the outer edges of the pump casing.

• The pump follows the law of conservation of ...read more