3500+ Senior Software Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Screenshots are captured images of the current screen. They are used for documentation, troubleshooting, and sharing information.

• Screenshots can be taken using built-in tools like Snipping Tool or keyboard shortcuts like Print Screen.

• Screenshots can be used to document software bugs or errors for troubleshooting purposes.

• Screenshots can be shared with others to provide visual information or instructions.

• Screenshots can be used for training or educational purposes.

• Screenshots ...read more

OOPs in JavaScript is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent real-world entities. Functional programming is a paradigm that uses functions to perform tasks.

• OOPs in JavaScript involves creating objects that have properties and methods.

• Functional programming involves creating functions that take input and produce output without modifying the input.

• OOPs focuses on encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

• Functional programming focuses on immutability, higher-o...read more

The order of created and mounted hooks for a child and its parent component in Vue.js.

• The parent component's created hook is called first, followed by the child component's created hook.

• The parent component's mounted hook is called after the child component's mounted hook.

• The order is: parent created -> child created -> child mounted -> parent mounted.

Day to day activities of a software developer, features in Java-17, tracking queries in SpringBoot

• Day to day activities include coding, debugging, testing, and collaborating with team members

• Java-17 features include sealed classes, pattern matching for switch statements, and new APIs like Stream.toList()

• To track queries in SpringBoot, enable logging for the datasource and use tools like Spring Boot Actuator or database monitoring tools

Establishing connection between view and viewmodel involves data binding and communication mechanisms.

• Use data binding frameworks like Angular's ngModel or React's setState to bind data between view and viewmodel

• Implement event handling to communicate user interactions from view to viewmodel

• Utilize two-way data binding to automatically update the view when the viewmodel changes

• Use observables or reactive programming to handle asynchronous data updates

Use Angular's 'resolve' property to load component after services are loaded.

• Create a resolver service that waits for all three services to complete before resolving.

• Add the resolver service to the 'resolve' property of the component's route.

• Access the resolved data in the component using the ActivatedRoute service.

• Example: { path: 'my-component', component: MyComponent, resolve: { data: MyResolverService } }

Some optimization techniques for improving React Application performance.

• Code splitting to reduce initial load time

• Memoization for optimizing re-renders

• Using virtualized lists for rendering large amounts of data

• Minifying and compressing assets for faster loading

• Implementing server-side rendering for faster initial page load

The number of columns that can be created in a table depends on the database management system being used.

• The limit varies depending on the DBMS

• For MySQL, the limit is 4096 columns per table

• For Oracle, the limit is 1000 columns per table

• The number of columns can also be limited by the available memory and disk space

To get unique values from a collection using stream, use the distinct() method.

• Call the distinct() method on the stream of the collection.

• The distinct() method returns a stream of unique elements.

• Use the collect() method to convert the stream back to a collection.

Thread starvation occurs when a thread is unable to access the CPU resources it needs to execute its tasks.

• Thread starvation happens when a thread is constantly waiting for a resource that is being monopolized by other threads.

• It can occur due to poor resource management or priority scheduling.

• Examples include a low-priority thread being constantly preempted by high-priority threads or a thread waiting indefinitely for a lock held by another thread.

Design a system to display real-time updates of a file's content on a webpage.

• Use a server-side programming language like Node.js to read the file content.

• Implement a WebSocket connection between the server and the webpage for real-time updates.

• Whenever the file is updated, send the updated content to the webpage using the WebSocket connection.

• Update the webpage dynamically using JavaScript to display the new content.

Reverse the words in an array without changing their positions.

• Iterate through each word in the array and reverse them individually

• Store the reversed words in a new array while maintaining the original positions

• Return the new array with reversed words

Annotations are used in Java while decorators are used in Python.

• Annotations are used to provide metadata to the code and can be accessed at runtime.

• Decorators are used to modify the behavior of a function or class.

• Annotations are declared using the @ symbol in Java while decorators use the @ symbol in Python.

• Annotations are part of the language syntax in Java while decorators are implemented using functions in Python.

Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software design problems. They include creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

• Design patterns are reusable solutions to common software design problems.

• They provide proven solutions to recurring design problems.

• Design patterns can be categorized into creational, structural, and behavioral patterns.

• Creational patterns deal with object creation mechanisms.

• Structural patterns focus on class and object composition.

• Behavior...read more

Yes

• Setting security for Sub Microflows is important to ensure data integrity and prevent unauthorized access.

• Sub Microflows may contain sensitive data or perform critical operations, so securing them is crucial.

• Access control can be implemented by defining user roles and permissions for Sub Microflows.

• Authentication and authorization mechanisms should be enforced to restrict access to Sub Microflows.

• Examples of security measures include implementing encryption, input validati...read more

Find first missing positive integer from an array of non-negative integers.

• Create a hash set to store all positive integers in the array

• Loop through the array and add all positive integers to the hash set

• Loop through positive integers starting from 1 and return the first missing integer not in the hash set

Callback hell is a situation where nested callbacks make code unreadable. Promises are a solution to this problem.

• Callback hell occurs when there are too many nested callbacks in asynchronous code

• It makes the code difficult to read and maintain

• Promises are a way to handle asynchronous operations without nested callbacks

• Promises can be used to chain multiple asynchronous operations together

• Promises have a resolve and reject function to handle success and failure respectively

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Dangling, null, and void pointers are types of pointers.

• Dangling pointer: a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed

• Null pointer: a pointer that does not point to any memory location

• Void pointer: a pointer that has no specific data type and can point to any data type

ArrayList and LinkedList are both data structures used to store and manipulate collections of objects in Java.

• ArrayList is implemented as a resizable array, while LinkedList is implemented as a doubly linked list.

• ArrayList provides constant time access to elements using their index, while LinkedList provides constant time insertion and deletion of elements.

• Spring Boot annotations include @Controller, @Service, @Repository, @Autowired, @RequestMapping, and more.

• Lambda expressi...read more

Program to find the number of occurrences in a given string

• Use a loop to iterate through the string and count the occurrences of each character

• Store the count in a dictionary or hash table

• Return the dictionary or hash table

Manual testing is the process of manually testing software for defects, functionality, and usability.

• Manual testing involves testers executing test cases without the use of automation tools.

• It is a time-consuming process but allows for thorough testing of software.

• Testers document their findings and report any issues to the development team for resolution.

Answers to SQL-related questions for Senior Software Engineer position

• To see SQL sessions, use the sp_who2 stored procedure or the Activity Monitor in SQL Server Management Studio

• To store temporary data inside a stored procedure, use table variables or temporary tables

• Use temp tables when you need to store large amounts of data or when you need to perform complex joins or aggregations

• Index seek is a type of index access method that uses a seek operation to find the data, whil...read more

Designing elevators and adding different roles.

• Design a system that can handle multiple elevators and floors

• Implement a scheduling algorithm to optimize elevator usage

• Add roles such as maintenance, emergency, and security

• Incorporate safety features such as emergency stop buttons and sensors

• Consider accessibility for individuals with disabilities

Abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated and can have both abstract and non-abstract methods. Interface is a blueprint for a class and can only have abstract methods.

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot.

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only extend one abstract class.

• Abstract class can have instance variables while interface cannot.

• Abstract class can provide default implementations for some methods while interface cannot.

• Int...read more

A semaphore is a synchronization object that controls access to a shared resource through the use of a counter.

• Semaphores are used to manage concurrent access to shared resources in multi-threaded or multi-process environments.

• They can be used to limit the number of threads or processes that can access a resource simultaneously.

• Semaphores can have two types: counting semaphores and binary semaphores.

• Counting semaphores allow multiple threads/processes to access a resource at ...read more

The core components of .Net Framework include Common Language Runtime (CLR), Framework Class Library (FCL), and ASP.NET.

• Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides the runtime environment for executing .NET applications.

• Framework Class Library (FCL) is a collection of reusable classes, interfaces, and value types that provide access to system functionality.

• ASP.NET is a web application framework for building dynamic web pages and web services using .NET technologies.

Event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to perform non-blocking I/O operations.

• Event loop is responsible for handling asynchronous callbacks in JavaScript.

• Tasks in the queue can be either microtasks or macrotasks.

• Microtasks are executed before macrotasks.

• Examples of macrotasks include setTimeout, setInterval, and I/O operations.

• Examples of microtasks include Promise callbacks and mutation observer callbacks.

SOAP is a protocol for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services. REST is an architectural style for building web services.

• SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol

• SOAP uses XML for message exchange

• SOAP requires more bandwidth and processing power than REST

• REST uses HTTP for communication

• REST is more flexible and scalable than SOAP

• RESTful APIs are easier to implement and maintain than SOAP-based APIs

A javascript function to find the maximum and minimum occurrence of a letter in a string.

• Create an object to store the count of each letter in the string

• Loop through the string and update the count in the object

• Find the maximum and minimum count in the object and return the corresponding letters

Microservices communicate with each other through APIs, message queues, or event-driven architecture.

• APIs: Microservices can communicate with each other through RESTful APIs or GraphQL.

• Message queues: Services can use message brokers like RabbitMQ or Kafka to send and receive messages.

• Event-driven architecture: Services can publish events to a message broker and subscribe to events they are interested in.

• Service discovery: Services can use tools like Consul or Eureka to disco...read more

Code first and Database first are two approaches to create a database. Changes can be made from code side using migrations.

• Code first approach involves creating the database schema using code and then generating the database from it.

• Database first approach involves creating the database schema using a visual designer and then generating the code from it.

• Migrations can be used to make changes to the database schema from code side.

• Code first approach is more flexible and allows...read more

Types of authentication include password-based, multi-factor, biometric, and token-based authentication.

• Password-based authentication involves users entering a password to access a system.

• Multi-factor authentication requires users to provide multiple forms of verification, such as a password and a code sent to their phone.

• Biometric authentication uses unique physical characteristics like fingerprints or facial recognition to verify a user's identity.

• Token-based authentication...read more

Improving accuracy for an ICR project involves training the system, optimizing image quality, and using advanced algorithms.

• Train the system with a diverse set of data to improve recognition accuracy.

• Optimize image quality by using high-resolution images and proper lighting.

• Use advanced algorithms such as machine learning and natural language processing.

• Regularly review and update the system to ensure accuracy over time.

• Abbyy Flexicapture project lifecycle involves planning, ...read more

I would analyze the current approach, identify the root cause of the issue, brainstorm alternative solutions, and collaborate with the team to implement and test them.

• Analyze the current approach to identify weaknesses

• Brainstorm alternative solutions with the team

• Implement and test the new solutions

• Regularly communicate and collaborate with team members