300+ Assistant System Engineer Interview Questions and Answers

Cache memory is a small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data for quick access.

• Cache memory is faster than main memory but smaller in size.

• It reduces the time taken to access data from main memory.

• Examples include CPU cache, web browser cache, and disk cache.

• Cache memory is volatile and can be cleared at any time.

• Cache hit is when data is found in cache, cache miss is when it's not.

Answering questions related to polymorphism, C and C++, and loops.

• Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. C++ supports both compile-time and runtime polymorphism.

• C++ is an object-oriented language while C is a procedural language.

• A program using 6 loops can be written in various ways depending on the requirements.

• Examples of loops include for, while, do-while, range-based for, nested loops, and infinite loops.

Pnp and Npn transistors are types of bipolar junction transistors used in electronic circuits. Microcontroller choice depends on project requirements. Dynamic memory allocation is a method of allocating memory during runtime.

• Pnp and Npn transistors are used in electronic circuits to control the flow of current.

• Microcontroller choice depends on factors like processing power, memory requirements, and peripherals needed. For example, Arduino for simple projects, Raspberry Pi for...read more

I am comfortable with multiple programming languages including Java, Python, and C++.

• Proficient in Java with experience in developing web applications using Spring framework

• Skilled in Python for data analysis and machine learning projects

• Familiar with C++ for competitive programming and algorithm development

• Comfortable with SQL for database management

• Experience with JavaScript and HTML/CSS for front-end development

• Continuously learning and exploring new technologies and langu...read more

Local variables are declared within a function and have a limited scope, while global variables are declared outside of a function and can be accessed throughout the program.

• Local variables are only accessible within the function they are declared in.

• Global variables can be accessed from any part of the program.

• Local variables are created when a function is called and destroyed when the function ends.

• Global variables are created when the program starts and destroyed when the ...read more

Loops are used to repeat a set of instructions. If, else and while loops are conditional statements used in programming.

• If statement is used to execute a block of code if a condition is true.

• Else statement is used to execute a block of code if the same condition is false.

• While loop is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true.

• For loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times.

Method overriding is a feature in object-oriented programming where a subclass provides a different implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.

• Method overriding is used to achieve runtime polymorphism.

• The method in the subclass must have the same name, return type, and parameters as the method in the superclass.

• The @Override annotation can be used to indicate that a method is intended to override a superclass method.

• The overridden method in the subcl...read more

Java is an object-oriented programming language while C++ is a hybrid language with both object-oriented and procedural programming features.

• Java is platform-independent while C++ is platform-dependent.

• Java has automatic garbage collection while C++ requires manual memory management.

• Java has a simpler syntax and is easier to learn than C++.

• C++ allows for low-level memory manipulation and is faster than Java.

• Java is used for developing web applications, mobile applications, an...read more

SQL is a language used to manage relational databases, while MySQL is a specific relational database management system.

• SQL is a language used to manage relational databases, while MySQL is a specific implementation of a relational database management system.

• SQL is a standard language used across different database management systems, while MySQL is a specific product developed by Oracle Corporation.

• MySQL is an open-source database management system that uses SQL as its langua...read more

Byte code is a compiled code that is generated by the Java compiler and can be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Byte code is an intermediate representation of Java source code.

• It is platform-independent and can be executed on any device with a JVM.

• Byte code is stored in .class files.

• Examples of byte code instructions include loading, storing, and arithmetic operations.

Service-based companies provide services to clients while product-based companies sell products to customers.

• Service-based companies focus on providing services to clients, such as consulting, outsourcing, and support services.

• Product-based companies focus on selling products to customers, such as software, hardware, and consumer goods.

• Service-based companies typically have a more flexible business model and may have a wider range of clients, while product-based companies may...read more

Answering a query to delete a row and converting if loop to while loop.

• To delete a row, use the DELETE statement with the WHERE clause to specify the row to be deleted.

• Syntax: DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

• To convert an if loop to while loop, replace the if statement with a while loop and add a condition to exit the loop.

• Example: if (condition) { // code } can be converted to while (condition) { // code }

Exception handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors and prevent program crashes.

• Exceptions are objects that represent errors or exceptional situations in a program.

• When an exception occurs, the program stops executing and jumps to the nearest exception handler.

• Exception handling involves catching and handling exceptions to prevent program crashes.

• Try-catch blocks are used to catch and handle exceptions.

• Example: try { //code that may throw an exception } catch (Exceptio...read more

Developed a web application for inventory management using Python, Django, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

• Used Python for backend development to handle data processing and business logic

• Utilized Django framework for building the web application

• Implemented HTML and CSS for frontend design and user interface

• Integrated JavaScript for client-side interactions and dynamic content

• Worked on database management using Django ORM

Find distinct elements in a given array of size n<=20.

• Iterate through the array and add each element to a set.

• Return the size of the set as the number of distinct elements.

• Example: [1, 2, 3, 2, 1] -> {1, 2, 3} -> 3 distinct elements.

TCS has recently launched a new AI-powered solution for supply chain management.

• TCS launched an AI-powered solution for supply chain management called 'Supply Chain Command Center'

• TCS partnered with SAP to launch a new digital learning platform for their employees

• TCS was ranked as the third largest employer in the IT services sector by Forbes

• TCS announced a collaboration with Intel to develop a blockchain solution for the insurance industry

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

• Python was created by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s.

• It is widely used in web development, scientific computing, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.

• Python has a large standard library and supports multiple programming paradigms.

• Some popular frameworks and libraries in Python include Django, Flask, NumPy, and Pandas.

• Python code is often written in a text editor a...read more

List and tuple are data structures in Python used to store collections of items.

• Lists are mutable and can be modified, while tuples are immutable and cannot be modified.

• Lists are defined using square brackets [], while tuples are defined using parentheses ().

• Lists are commonly used for storing and manipulating data, while tuples are used for grouping related data.

• Example of a list: my_list = [1, 2, 3]

• Example of a tuple: my_tuple = (4, 5, 6)

View is a virtual table while constraint is a rule to limit data in a table.

• View is created by a SELECT statement and does not store data

• Constraint is used to limit the type or amount of data that can be inserted into a table

• Examples of constraints are PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK

• Views can be used to simplify complex queries or to restrict access to sensitive data

The CEO of TCS is Rajesh Gopinathan.

• Rajesh Gopinathan became the CEO of TCS in 2017.

• He has been with TCS for over 20 years, starting as an engineer.

• Under his leadership, TCS has continued to grow and expand globally.

• Gopinathan has also emphasized the importance of digital transformation and innovation.

• He holds a degree in electrical and electronics engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli.

SDLC is a process used by software development teams to design, develop, and test high-quality software.

• SDLC is a structured process that consists of several stages.

• The stages of SDLC include planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

• Each stage has its own set of activities and deliverables.

• Examples of SDLC models include Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps.

a++ and ++a are both increment operators in programming languages like C++ and Java.

• a++ is a post-increment operator which increments the value of a after the expression is evaluated.

• ++a is a pre-increment operator which increments the value of a before the expression is evaluated.

• Both operators can be used with variables of numeric data types like int, float, etc.

• Example: int a = 5; int b = a++; // b = 5, a = 6; int c = ++a; // c = 7, a = 7;

Drawbacks of iPhone 6 include battery life, storage capacity, and lack of headphone jack. I use an iPhone 11.

• Battery life is relatively short compared to newer models

• Storage capacity is limited and non-expandable

• Lack of headphone jack requires the use of adapters or wireless headphones

• iPhone 11 has longer battery life, larger storage capacity, and improved camera features

DCS is used for large-scale process control, while PLC is used for discrete control.

• DCS is designed for continuous processes, such as oil refining or chemical production.

• PLC is designed for discrete processes, such as assembly lines or packaging machines.

• DCS can handle a large number of inputs and outputs, while PLC is limited in this regard.

• DCS typically has a centralized control system, while PLC can have distributed control.

• DCS is more complex and expensive than PLC.

• Exampl...read more

Static polymorphism is resolved at compile-time while dynamic polymorphism is resolved at runtime.

• Static polymorphism is achieved through function overloading and operator overloading.

• Dynamic polymorphism is achieved through virtual functions and function overriding.

• Static polymorphism is faster as it is resolved at compile-time.

• Dynamic polymorphism is more flexible as it allows for runtime binding of functions.

• Example of static polymorphism: function overloading - multiple f...read more

Theta notation is a way to describe the upper bound of an algorithm's time complexity.

• Theta notation is represented by Θ

• It describes the tightest possible bound on an algorithm's time complexity

• It takes into account both the best and worst case scenarios

• For example, an algorithm with Θ(n) time complexity will have a linear runtime

• An algorithm with Θ(n^2) time complexity will have a quadratic runtime

OOPS stands for Object-Oriented Programming System. It is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects.

• OOPS is based on four basic principles: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding the implementation details of an object from the outside world.

• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.

• Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the s...read more

Logic for palindrome, Armstrong number, Fibonacci sequence, etc.

• Palindrome: Reverse the given number/string and check if it's equal to the original

• Armstrong number: Sum of cubes of individual digits should be equal to the number itself

• Fibonacci sequence: Add the previous two numbers to get the next number in the sequence

• Prime number: A number that is divisible only by 1 and itself

• Factorial: Multiply all the numbers from 1 to the given number

• GCD: Find the greatest common divis...read more

A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that contains the functions of a central processing unit of a computer.

• Microprocessor is the brain of a computer system.

• It contains an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), and registers.

• Examples of microprocessors include Intel's Pentium, AMD's Ryzen, and ARM's Cortex.

• Microprocessors are used in various devices such as smartphones, cars, and home appliances.

Pointers are variables that store memory addresses. Trees are data structures consisting of nodes connected by edges. A program to print pattern can vary depending on the desired pattern.

• Pointers are used to manipulate memory and create dynamic data structures.

• They can be used to pass values by reference instead of by value.

• Example: int *ptr; ptr = # *ptr = 10; //num now equals 10

• Trees are used to represent hierarchical relationships between data.

• They consist of nodes connect...read more

A stack is a data structure that follows the Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

• Elements are added to the top of the stack and removed from the top.

• Common operations include push (add element to top) and pop (remove element from top).

• Stacks are used in programming for function calls, expression evaluation, and memory management.

• Example: The back button in a web browser uses a stack to keep track of visited pages.

• Example: Undo/Redo functionality in a text editor can be impleme...read more

Designed a smart irrigation system using IoT technology.

• The system uses sensors to detect soil moisture levels and weather conditions.

• Data is transmitted to a microcontroller which controls the irrigation system.

• The system is designed to conserve water and reduce manual labor.

• The design was justified by its potential to save water and increase crop yield.

TCS is a multinational IT services company headquartered in India.

• TCS stands for Tata Consultancy Services.

• It was founded in 1968 by J.R.D. Tata.

• It is one of the largest IT services companies in the world.

• TCS offers services in areas such as consulting, digital transformation, and engineering.

• It has a presence in over 46 countries.

• Some of its clients include major companies like Microsoft, Citigroup, and General Electric.

Delete, truncate and drop are SQL commands used to remove data from a database.

• DELETE command removes specific rows from a table

• TRUNCATE command removes all rows from a table

• DROP command removes an entire table from the database

• DELETE and TRUNCATE can be rolled back, but DROP cannot

• DELETE and TRUNCATE can have WHERE clause to specify which rows to remove

Hashing is a technique to convert any data into a fixed size value. It is similar to dictionary in Python.

• Hashing is used to store and retrieve data quickly

• Hashing function takes input data and returns a fixed size value

• Hashing is used in password storage, data encryption, and indexing

• Python dictionaries use hashing to store and retrieve key-value pairs

The 5 essentials of cloud computing are on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.

• On-demand self-service: Users can provision computing resources as needed without human interaction.

• Broad network access: Services are available over the network and can be accessed by various devices.

• Resource pooling: Resources are shared among multiple users to achieve efficiency and scalability.

• Rapid elasticity: Resources can be qui...read more

Database commands are used to manipulate and retrieve data from a database.

• SELECT: retrieves data from a database

• INSERT: adds new data to a database

• UPDATE: modifies existing data in a database

• DELETE: removes data from a database

• CREATE: creates a new database or table

• DROP: deletes a database or table

• ALTER: modifies the structure of a database or table

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems.

• Computer science involves the theory, design, development, and application of computer systems.

• It encompasses various areas such as algorithms, programming languages, data structures, artificial intelligence, and computer networks.

• Computer scientists solve complex problems and create innovative solutions using computational techniques.

• Examples of computer science applications include software development, da...read more

A dangling pointer is a pointer that points to a memory location that has been deallocated or freed.

• Dangling pointers occur when a pointer is not set to NULL after the memory it points to is freed.

• Accessing a dangling pointer can lead to undefined behavior or crashes.

• Dangling pointers can be avoided by setting pointers to NULL after freeing the memory they point to.

To remove duplicates from a string, we can use a set data structure to store unique characters.

• Create an empty set to store unique characters.

• Iterate through each character in the string.

• Add each character to the set if it's not already present.

• Join the characters in the set to form the final string without duplicates.

Flutter is a cross-platform mobile development framework created by Google, allowing developers to build native-like apps for both iOS and Android using a single codebase.

• Flutter uses a single codebase for both iOS and Android, reducing development time and effort.

• Flutter has a hot reload feature, allowing developers to see changes instantly without restarting the app.

• Flutter provides a rich set of customizable widgets, making it easy to create visually appealing UIs.

• Flutter ...read more

Stateful widgets maintain state that might change during the lifetime of the widget, while stateless widgets do not.

• Stateful widgets have a State object that can hold dynamic information and can be updated over time.

• Stateless widgets are immutable and their properties cannot change once they are initialized.

• Examples of stateful widgets include TextField, Checkbox, and Slider.

• Examples of stateless widgets include Text, Icon, and RaisedButton.

Java is a programming language used for general-purpose programming, while JavaScript is a scripting language primarily used for web development.

• Java is a statically typed language, while JavaScript is dynamically typed.

• Java is compiled and runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), while JavaScript is interpreted and runs in the browser.

• Java is used for backend development, desktop applications, and Android apps, while JavaScript is used for front-end web development.

Abstraction focuses on the outside view of an object while encapsulation deals with the internal workings of an object.

• Abstraction is the process of hiding complex implementation details and showing only the necessary information to the user.

• Encapsulation is the process of wrapping data and methods into a single unit (class) and restricting access to the internal details.

• Abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.

• Encapsulation is achieved through access m...read more

Java provides more security compared to C.

• Java has built-in security features like bytecode verification, sandboxing, and automatic memory management.

• C does not have these built-in security features and is more prone to buffer overflows and memory leaks.

• Java's platform independence also adds an extra layer of security as it reduces the risk of system vulnerabilities.

• Java's strict type checking helps prevent common programming errors that can lead to security vulnerabilities.

• C...read more

Object oriented programming language is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code.

• Method overloading is when multiple methods have the same name but different parameters in the same class. Example: void print(int a) and void print(int a, int b)

• Method overriding is when a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its superclass. Example: class A { void display() { System.out.println('A'); }...read more

TCS is a global IT services, consulting and business solutions organization.

• TCS is one of the largest IT services companies in the world.

• It has a presence in over 46 countries.

• TCS has won numerous awards for its innovation and sustainability practices.

• It offers a wide range of services including application development, infrastructure management, and digital transformation.

• Preferred location is dependent on the project requirements and client location.

Abstract class is a class with implementation while interface is a contract without implementation. To check MySQL version, use SELECT VERSION();

• Abstract class can have constructors while interface cannot

• Abstract class can have non-abstract methods while interface cannot

• A class can implement multiple interfaces but can only inherit from one abstract class

• To check MySQL version, use SELECT VERSION(); in MySQL command line or any MySQL client